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Questions and Answers
Which of the following materials is considered lustrous?
Which of the following materials is considered lustrous?
All non-metals are non-lustrous except for iodine, graphite, and diamond.
All non-metals are non-lustrous except for iodine, graphite, and diamond.
True
What is the term used for the natural shine present on certain materials?
What is the term used for the natural shine present on certain materials?
lustre
The compressibility of materials can be tested by trying to compress an object between your ______.
The compressibility of materials can be tested by trying to compress an object between your ______.
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Match the following materials with their properties:
Match the following materials with their properties:
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Which of the following substances is soluble in water?
Which of the following substances is soluble in water?
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Stone is the most compressible material compared to cotton and foam.
Stone is the most compressible material compared to cotton and foam.
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What is the term used for a mixture where components cannot be identified separately?
What is the term used for a mixture where components cannot be identified separately?
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Water is called the universal _____ because it can dissolve many substances.
Water is called the universal _____ because it can dissolve many substances.
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Match the following substances with their solubility in water:
Match the following substances with their solubility in water:
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What is the primary purpose of classification?
What is the primary purpose of classification?
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Matter cannot include air.
Matter cannot include air.
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What are the three states of matter?
What are the three states of matter?
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Anything that has mass and occupies space is called ______.
Anything that has mass and occupies space is called ______.
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Which of the following is NOT a property used for classification?
Which of the following is NOT a property used for classification?
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Match the following states of matter with their descriptions:
Match the following states of matter with their descriptions:
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Give an example of a solid and a gas.
Give an example of a solid and a gas.
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Classification helps in understanding materials.
Classification helps in understanding materials.
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Which of the following states of matter has a fixed volume?
Which of the following states of matter has a fixed volume?
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Gases can be compressed easily and to a great extent.
Gases can be compressed easily and to a great extent.
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What are the two types of materials?
What are the two types of materials?
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The three states of matter are ___, ___, and ___.
The three states of matter are ___, ___, and ___.
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Match the type of property to its example:
Match the type of property to its example:
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Which material is categorized as man-made?
Which material is categorized as man-made?
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Solids can flow easily.
Solids can flow easily.
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What defines the use of a material?
What defines the use of a material?
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Which of the following materials can be grouped based on their utility?
Which of the following materials can be grouped based on their utility?
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All objects can be grouped only by their shapes.
All objects can be grouped only by their shapes.
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Name one property that categorizes materials in terms of their physical characteristics.
Name one property that categorizes materials in terms of their physical characteristics.
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Materials like a _____ and a mug can be classified under plastic.
Materials like a _____ and a mug can be classified under plastic.
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Match the following materials with their examples:
Match the following materials with their examples:
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Which of the following materials is not soluble in water?
Which of the following materials is not soluble in water?
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Both milk and lemon juice are immiscible in water.
Both milk and lemon juice are immiscible in water.
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What observation can be made when pebbles and soil are added to water?
What observation can be made when pebbles and soil are added to water?
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Mustard oil and kerosene are considered ______ in water.
Mustard oil and kerosene are considered ______ in water.
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Match the following liquids with their solubility status in water:
Match the following liquids with their solubility status in water:
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What property primarily determines whether an object floats or sinks in water?
What property primarily determines whether an object floats or sinks in water?
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Hydrofluoric acid can dissolve glass.
Hydrofluoric acid can dissolve glass.
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Name two gases that are slightly soluble in water.
Name two gases that are slightly soluble in water.
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Objects with ______ density will typically sink in water.
Objects with ______ density will typically sink in water.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which type of material allows you to see through it clearly?
Which type of material allows you to see through it clearly?
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Translucent materials do not allow any light to pass through them at all.
Translucent materials do not allow any light to pass through them at all.
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What is the term used for materials that do not allow light to pass through them?
What is the term used for materials that do not allow light to pass through them?
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Materials like frosted glass and tissue paper are classified as __________ materials.
Materials like frosted glass and tissue paper are classified as __________ materials.
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Match the following types of materials with their descriptions:
Match the following types of materials with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is an example of an opaque material?
Which of the following is an example of an opaque material?
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Air is considered an opaque material.
Air is considered an opaque material.
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List one example of a transparent material.
List one example of a transparent material.
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Study Notes
Grouping and Classification
- Objects with similar properties are grouped together for convenience.
- This process is called classification.
- Classification makes locating specific items easier.
- Understanding the properties of one object in a group provides insight into other objects within the same group.
Matter
- Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter.
- This includes everything we see, touch, feel, or smell.
- Examples of matter include tables, chairs, vegetables, walls, humans, and air.
States of Matter
- Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.
Properties of Solids
- Fixed shape: Solids retain their shape.
- Compressibility: Solids are difficult to compress.
- Flowing: Solids do not flow.
- Volume: Solids have a fixed volume.
Properties of Liquids
- Shape: Liquids take the shape of their container.
- Compressibility: Liquids can be compressed to some extent.
- Flowing: Liquids flow.
- Volume: Liquids have a fixed volume.
Properties of Gases
- Shape: Gases take the shape of their container.
- Compressibility: Gases are easily compressed.
- Flowing: Gases flow.
- Volume: Gases occupy all available space, so their volume is variable.
Materials
- Everything around us is made up of substances.
- Substances used for making objects are called materials.
- Man-made materials: Materials synthesized by humans, such as plastic, nylon, glass, ceramic, and steel.
- Natural materials: Materials that occur in nature, such as cotton, silk, jute, gum, and resin.
Material Properties
- Material properties determine their use.
- Physical properties: Appearance, hardness, solubility, floatation, heaviness, and transparency.
- Chemical properties: Describe how a material reacts with other substances. Examples include reactions with oxygen, water, acids, combustion, and burning.
Appearance
- Objects can be differentiated by their appearance.
Hardness
- Solids have the property of hardness.
- Talc is the softest substance, while diamond is the hardest.
Solubility
- Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve completely in another substance, like water.
- Solute: The substance added in smaller amounts to a solution.
- Solvent: The substance that dissolves the solute, typically in larger amounts.
- Soluble: Substances that dissolve completely.
- Insoluble: Substances that do not dissolve completely.
- Solution: A uniform mixture of two or more substances, where components cannot be identified separately.
Practical Investigations
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Practical Investigation 5: Determining the solubility of solids in water.
- Solids tested: salt, sugar, soda, chalk powder, and sand.
- Observations: Salt, sugar, and soda are soluble in water; chalk and sand are insoluble.
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Practical Investigation 6: Determining the solubility of liquids in water.
- Liquids tested: milk, lemon juice, mustard oil, kerosene, alcohol.
- Observations: Milk, lemon juice, and alcohol are miscible with water; mustard oil and kerosene are immiscible.
Density and Buoyancy
- Objects with higher density tend to sink in water.
- Objects with lower density tend to float in water.
Transparency
- Transparent: Materials that allow light to pass through completely (e.g., air, clear glass).
- Translucent: Materials that allow light to pass through partially (e.g., tissue paper, frosted glass).
- Opaque: Materials that do not allow light to pass through (e.g., wood, concrete, metals).
Important Points
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All metals have lustre.
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All non-metals are non-lustrous except iodine, graphite, and diamond.
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Some metals can lose their lustre when exposed to air. Object polishing helps prevent this.
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The solubility of oxygen and carbon dioxide is crucial for aquatic life. Oxygen is used for respiration, and carbon dioxide is used for photosynthesis.
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Hydrofluoric acid can dissolve glass.
Key Terms
- Classification: Arrangement of various things into different groups.
- Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space.
- Lustre: A particular shine on some materials.
- Compress: To press anything by applying force.
- Uniform mixture: A mixture that looks the same throughout.
- Solution: A uniform mixture prepared by mixing two or more substances.
- Floatation: Remaining on the surface of a liquid without sinking.
- Transparent: Materials that allow light to pass through them completely.
- Density: The thickness of a solid, liquid or gas measured by its mass per unit volume.
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of classification in science and the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. You'll explore the properties of each state and understand how matter is grouped based on similar characteristics. Test your knowledge of key principles related to matter and its different forms.
