Questions and Answers
What do both classical and modern liberals have an optimistic view of?
What do both classical and modern liberalism regard as essential in politics and society?
Individualism
Both classical and modern liberals advocate tolerance.
True
What economic system do both classical and modern liberalism maintain as the best?
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What do both classical and modern liberals oppose?
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What type of state do both classical and modern liberals believe in?
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Match the concepts related to liberty according to classical and modern liberals:
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Modern liberals view increased taxation as a means of achieving freedom through intervention.
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Modern liberals embrace laissez-faire capitalism.
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Classical liberals are supportive of liberal and representative forms of democracy.
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What do modern liberals reject regarding classical liberalism?
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Study Notes
Similarities between Classical and Modern Liberalism
- Both ideologies share an optimistic outlook on human nature, believing individuals possess intrinsic value and reasoning abilities.
- Individualism is a core aspect for both, emphasizing the significance of personal rights over collective group demands.
- Tolerance is advocated by both, promoting acceptance of differing values, customs, and beliefs.
- Both schools support capitalism, viewing it as beneficial for reinforcing private property rights and overall societal welfare.
- Opposition to state ownership of the economy is a shared stance, favoring private economic initiatives.
- A constitutional state is endorsed, with emphasis on limiting government powers to protect natural rights through consent.
Differences between Classical and Modern Liberalism
- Classical liberalism defines liberty as negative freedom, emphasizing freedom from external interference.
- Modern liberalism redefines liberty as positive freedom, advocating that true freedom includes support and intervention for individuals to thrive.
- Taxation views diverge, with modern liberals seeing it as a tool for freedom through intervention, while classical liberals perceive it as governmental overreach.
- Economic approaches differ; modern liberals support a Keynesian style of capitalism for state involvement, whereas classical liberals advocate for laissez-faire capitalism with minimal interference.
- Attitudes towards democracy vary; modern liberals support liberal representative democracy, while classical liberals express concerns about potential majority tyranny.
- Modern liberals critique the classical liberal emphasis on a minimal state, advocating for broader government roles beyond national defense and property rights protection.
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Description
Explore the key similarities and differences between classical and modern liberalism through these flashcards. Gain insights into their views on human nature and the concept of individualism, which are essential components of both ideologies.
