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Questions and Answers
What is primarily defined by a set of ethical ideals and principles that guide political action?
What is primarily defined by a set of ethical ideals and principles that guide political action?
- Political Ideology (correct)
- Political Theory
- Political Culture
- Political Philosophy
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ideology?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ideology?
- Offering an account of the existing order
- Explaining how political change should occur
- Providing a vision of a good society
- Advancing a chaotic model of the future (correct)
How do ideologies contribute to political action?
How do ideologies contribute to political action?
- By preserving existing power structures
- By analyzing historical events
- By disregarding social movements
- By offering coherent ideas for organized action (correct)
What does an ideology usually provide regarding the existing order?
What does an ideology usually provide regarding the existing order?
Which option best describes the function of ideologies in political change?
Which option best describes the function of ideologies in political change?
What is a core belief of liberalism regarding individuals?
What is a core belief of liberalism regarding individuals?
What principle does liberalism trust about human nature?
What principle does liberalism trust about human nature?
Which of the following restrictions does liberalism acknowledge?
Which of the following restrictions does liberalism acknowledge?
What foundational aspect of government does liberalism emphasize?
What foundational aspect of government does liberalism emphasize?
What economic stance do liberals commonly adopt?
What economic stance do liberals commonly adopt?
What central belief does socialism hold about human nature?
What central belief does socialism hold about human nature?
Which concept is rejected by socialism as per its ideology?
Which concept is rejected by socialism as per its ideology?
How does socialism view the ability of individuals to shape their destinies?
How does socialism view the ability of individuals to shape their destinies?
Which values are emphasized in socialism regarding society?
Which values are emphasized in socialism regarding society?
What does socialism believe is possible for society's structure?
What does socialism believe is possible for society's structure?
Which of the following is NOT a central tenet of conservatism?
Which of the following is NOT a central tenet of conservatism?
What aspect distinguishes conservatism from liberalism?
What aspect distinguishes conservatism from liberalism?
Which historical figure is identified as a foremost theorist of conservatism?
Which historical figure is identified as a foremost theorist of conservatism?
According to Abraham Lincoln's view, conservatism involves a stance against what?
According to Abraham Lincoln's view, conservatism involves a stance against what?
What is the definition of ideology?
What is the definition of ideology?
What is a common characteristic of extreme versions of conservatism?
What is a common characteristic of extreme versions of conservatism?
Which two Greek words form the term 'ideology'?
Which two Greek words form the term 'ideology'?
What is specifically described as political ideology?
What is specifically described as political ideology?
Who first coined the term 'ideology'?
Who first coined the term 'ideology'?
How can ideology be described according to Heywood?
How can ideology be described according to Heywood?
What is primarily considered the most important element that guides society in capitalism?
What is primarily considered the most important element that guides society in capitalism?
Which factor is always influenced by supply and demand in capitalism?
Which factor is always influenced by supply and demand in capitalism?
What motivates individuals to produce and sell goods and services in a capitalist system?
What motivates individuals to produce and sell goods and services in a capitalist system?
How is capitalism primarily defined?
How is capitalism primarily defined?
What is a natural tendency for all humans in terms of wealth in a capitalist society?
What is a natural tendency for all humans in terms of wealth in a capitalist society?
What is a core belief of fascism regarding national identity?
What is a core belief of fascism regarding national identity?
Which of the following leaders is not associated with the fascist movement?
Which of the following leaders is not associated with the fascist movement?
What ideology does fascism fundamentally reject?
What ideology does fascism fundamentally reject?
How do fascists typically view members of non-dominant races?
How do fascists typically view members of non-dominant races?
What is the unifying theme of feminism?
What is the unifying theme of feminism?
In what decade did key fascist leaders rise to power?
In what decade did key fascist leaders rise to power?
Which characteristic is primarily associated with capitalism?
Which characteristic is primarily associated with capitalism?
What does the collapsing capitalist pyramid in the cartoon symbolize?
What does the collapsing capitalist pyramid in the cartoon symbolize?
What is the perceived need in feminism regarding male power?
What is the perceived need in feminism regarding male power?
How does capitalism primarily function in modern economies?
How does capitalism primarily function in modern economies?
What core belief distinguishes anarchists from proponents of state authority?
What core belief distinguishes anarchists from proponents of state authority?
Which of the following best describes a preferred social structure by anarchists?
Which of the following best describes a preferred social structure by anarchists?
According to anarchist beliefs, what is the reason that a new system based on cooperation should be established?
According to anarchist beliefs, what is the reason that a new system based on cooperation should be established?
Which action is commonly associated with anarchist political engagement?
Which action is commonly associated with anarchist political engagement?
How do anarchists view the management of individual affairs?
How do anarchists view the management of individual affairs?
What is the fundamental principle of communism ideology?
What is the fundamental principle of communism ideology?
What does the term 'Communism' etymologically derive from?
What does the term 'Communism' etymologically derive from?
Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between socialism and communism?
Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between socialism and communism?
What do communists criticize in society based on their ideology?
What do communists criticize in society based on their ideology?
What is necessary for achieving a classless society according to communist ideology?
What is necessary for achieving a classless society according to communist ideology?
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Study Notes
Liberalism
- Emphasizes the individual's uniqueness, freedom, and equality with others.
- Holds a belief in the natural goodness of humanity, promoting fairness and common good.
- Limits individual actions that may harm others.
- Defined as a political and moral philosophy centered on liberty, government consent, and legal equality.
- Supports free markets and free trade, advocating for limited government intervention.
The Nature of Political Ideology
- Political ideology encompasses a coherent set of ideas that informs political actions and social organization.
- Features include a worldview, a vision of an ideal society, and a framework for creating political change.
- It was first coined by French philosopher Destutt de Tracy, blending the concepts of "idea" and "science."
Major Political Ideologies
Socialism
- Positively views human nature and the capacity for self-improvement through experience.
- Rejects predestination, emphasizing individuals' potential to shape their destinies.
- Promotes cooperation, equality, and community as fundamental aspects of social life.
Conservatism
- Central tenets include tradition, organic society, hierarchy, authority, and property rights.
- Resists change, valuing limited human freedom and traditional values.
- Edmund Burke, an 18th-century politician, is a key theorist opposing radical change such as the French Revolution.
Fascism
- An ultranationalist ideology that advocates for a supreme race and community unity over individual identity.
- Associated with leaders like Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, and Hideki Tojo, who rose to power in the 1920s.
- Rejects rationalism, appealing instead to emotions and collective identity.
Feminism
- Unifying theme is the enhancement of women's social roles and the pursuit of gender equality.
- Seeks to dismantle structures of male power and promote equal rights.
Capitalism
- Primarily an economic ideology characterized by market-driven trade guiding societal structures.
- Elements of supply and demand influence capitalist processes, with profit motive driving production.
- Recognized as the predominant economic system globally, affecting even the smallest nations.
Anarchism
- Views all forms of political authority, particularly the state, as unnecessary and harmful.
- Advocates for a stateless society where individuals cooperate voluntarily and manage their own affairs.
- Engages in actions like boycotts and strikes to challenge existing power structures.
Communism
- Envisions a classless, stateless society with common ownership of production means.
- Critiques social and economic inequalities, advocating for unity and equality in society.
- Shares similarities with socialism, often seen as an advanced stage in the transition from capitalism.
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