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Questions and Answers
Which management approach focuses on the scientific study of tasks to increase efficiency?
Which management approach focuses on the scientific study of tasks to increase efficiency?
F.W. Taylor introduced the Behavioral Approach to management.
F.W. Taylor introduced the Behavioral Approach to management.
False
Who is known as the father of Scientific Management?
Who is known as the father of Scientific Management?
F.W. Taylor
The principle that involves observing how workers perform tasks is known as ______.
The principle that involves observing how workers perform tasks is known as ______.
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What is the main idea behind Taylor's principles of management?
What is the main idea behind Taylor's principles of management?
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Match the following management theorists with their contributions:
Match the following management theorists with their contributions:
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The Systems Approach to management was developed in the early 20th century.
The Systems Approach to management was developed in the early 20th century.
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During which century did the Classical Approach to management emerge?
During which century did the Classical Approach to management emerge?
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Which method focuses on workers specializing in specific tasks?
Which method focuses on workers specializing in specific tasks?
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F.W. Taylor is known for advocating workers performing all tasks in the pin-making process.
F.W. Taylor is known for advocating workers performing all tasks in the pin-making process.
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What is one of the aims of the Gilbreths in their analysis of work movements?
What is one of the aims of the Gilbreths in their analysis of work movements?
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The process by which different workers specialize in various tasks is called _____ specialization.
The process by which different workers specialize in various tasks is called _____ specialization.
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What is a key component of Principle 4 regarding performance?
What is a key component of Principle 4 regarding performance?
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Lillian Gilbreth contributed to the analysis of work movements.
Lillian Gilbreth contributed to the analysis of work movements.
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Who was the CEO of Comambault Mining known for Administrative Management?
Who was the CEO of Comambault Mining known for Administrative Management?
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Match the following figures with their contributions:
Match the following figures with their contributions:
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Which theorist developed the 14 Principles of Management?
Which theorist developed the 14 Principles of Management?
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Max Weber's principles focus solely on the human aspects of management.
Max Weber's principles focus solely on the human aspects of management.
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Name one principle of bureaucracy identified by Max Weber.
Name one principle of bureaucracy identified by Max Weber.
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Fayol's principles aim to increase the efficiency of the __________ process.
Fayol's principles aim to increase the efficiency of the __________ process.
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Match the following principles with their descriptions:
Match the following principles with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT one of Weber’s principles of bureaucracy?
Which of the following is NOT one of Weber’s principles of bureaucracy?
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According to Fayol, subordination of individual interests to the common interest is essential for effective management.
According to Fayol, subordination of individual interests to the common interest is essential for effective management.
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What is one effect of bureaucratic administration as defined by Max Weber?
What is one effect of bureaucratic administration as defined by Max Weber?
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Which management approach focuses on motivating employees through personal behavior?
Which management approach focuses on motivating employees through personal behavior?
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Mary Parker Follett believed that Taylor's approach fully addressed the human side of organizations.
Mary Parker Follett believed that Taylor's approach fully addressed the human side of organizations.
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What does the Hawthorne effect suggest about management behavior?
What does the Hawthorne effect suggest about management behavior?
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________ management provides techniques for analyzing an organization's production system to enhance efficiency.
________ management provides techniques for analyzing an organization's production system to enhance efficiency.
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Match the following management concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following management concepts with their descriptions:
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Which management theory involves worker participation in job analysis?
Which management theory involves worker participation in job analysis?
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Total quality management only focuses on the output activities of an organization.
Total quality management only focuses on the output activities of an organization.
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What is the primary focus of management information systems?
What is the primary focus of management information systems?
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Study Notes
Classical Approach
- 18th Century
- Focus: How to increase efficiency by redesigning the work process
-
Individuals:
- F.W. Taylor & Scientific Management: Focused on increasing workplace efficiency through specialization and the division of labor, with a focus on standardizing work processes by eliminating unnecessary motions.
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Adam Smith (18th-century Economist): Observed that firms manufactured pins using two methods:
- Craft-style: Each worker performed all steps
- Production: Each worker specialized in one step
- He found that specialization led to greater production.
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The Gilbreths:
- Refine Taylor's analysis of work movements.
- Frank Gilbreth (1868–1924) & Lillian Gilbreth (1878–1972)
- Focused on improving how tasks are performed by breaking down tasks into component actions and finding more efficient ways to perform them.
Administrative Management Theory
- Focus: How to create an organizational structure that leads to efficiency and effectiveness.
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Individuals:
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Max Weber (German Sociology Professor): Developed the theory of bureaucracy, a formal system of organization based on five principles:
- Specialization: Dividing work into specialized tasks
- Hierarchy of authority: Levels of authority, with each one accountable to the level above
- Formal rules and procedures: Procedures for how everything is done
- Impersonality: Making decisions based on objective criteria.
- Careers based on merit: Promotions based on experience and skill, not personal connections.
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Henri Fayol (1841–1925): CEO of Comambault Mining, independently identified 14 principles of management:
- Division of labor: Specializing tasks to increase efficiency
- Authority and Responsibility: Matching authority with responsibility
- Unity of command: Each individual receives orders from a single superior
- Line of Authority: Clear chain of command from top to bottom
- Centralization: Degree to which authority is concentrated at the top
- Unity of direction: Coordinated effort towards common goals
- Equity: Fair treatment of all employees
- Order: Proper placement of individuals and resources
- Initiative: Encouraging employee initiative
- Discipline: Following rules and regulations
- Remuneration of personnel: Fair compensation for work
- Stability of tenure of personnel: Reducing employee turnover
- Subordination of individual interests to the common interest: Focus on collective goals
- Esprit de corps: Building unity and morale
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Max Weber (German Sociology Professor): Developed the theory of bureaucracy, a formal system of organization based on five principles:
Behavioral Approach
- Focus: How to effectively motivate and manage employees to increase their commitment to organizational goals.
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Individuals:
- Mary Parker Follett: Emphasized the human side of organizations, suggesting a more collaborative approach to management, involving workers in problem-solving and decision-making.
- Hawthorne Studies: Research conducted at Western Electric's Hawthorne Works in Chicago, revealing the "Hawthorne effect," where workers' performance is influenced by manager's behavior and attention.
Systems Approach
- Focus: Viewing the organization as a complex system made up of interrelated parts, aiming to understand how each part impacts overall performance.
Contingency Approach
- Focus: Recognizing that there is no single best approach to management, and the most effective approach depends on the situation, including the organization's environment, technology, and culture.
Quantitative Management
- Focus: Utilizing mathematical techniques to improve decision-making and address complex problems, like linear programming, modeling, simulation, and chaos theory.
Operations Management
- Focus: Providing techniques for analyzing production systems, optimizing resources, managing inventory, and improving efficiency.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
- Focus: Analyzing organizational processes to improve product quality through a customer-focused approach.
Management Information Systems (MIS)
- Focus: Developing information systems to support managers in making better decisions, gathering and analyzing critical data.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of the Classical Approach in management, focusing on the works of influential thinkers like F.W. Taylor, Adam Smith, and the Gilbreths. This quiz examines their contributions to efficiency, specialization, and administrative management. Test your understanding of how these theories shaped modern work practices.
