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Questions and Answers
What major theories are associated with classical management?
What does the machine metaphor of organizing imply?
An organization is like a pizza, requiring people, communication, and goals.
What does specialization of tasks refer to?
Division of labor.
What is standardization in a management context?
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Predictable systems in organizations have no rules governing them.
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Who is considered the father of modern operational-management theory?
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What are the elements of management according to Fayol?
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What is the purpose of planning in management?
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What does organizing in management refer to?
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What is the role of command in management?
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What does coordination entail in an organization?
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What does control in management compare?
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Which of the following are principles of organizational structure?
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What does scalar chain refer to in an organization?
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What is unity of command?
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What does unity of direction state?
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What is the importance of the division of labor?
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What does order refer to in management?
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What is the effective span of control for managers?
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What is Fayol's bridge?
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Which principles are part of organizational power?
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What does centralization in management refer to?
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What is the relationship between authority and responsibility?
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What is the principle of discipline in an organization?
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What are the principles of organizational reward?
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What is meant by remuneration of personnel?
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What does equity in remuneration refer to?
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What is the principle of tenure stability?
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Study Notes
Overview of Classical Management Theories
- Emerged during the Industrial Revolution, focusing on efficient production and organization.
- Three main theories:
- Henri Fayol's Classical Management Theory
- Max Weber's Bureaucracy Theory
- Frederick Taylor's Scientific Management Theory
- Common belief in treating organizations like machines, emphasizing efficiency and structure.
Machine Metaphor of Organizing
- An organization foundationally resembles a pizza:
- People represented as flour.
- Communication serves as water, binding the ingredients.
- Goals act as yeast, causing growth.
Specialization and Standardization
- Specialization of tasks follows the principle of division of labor, enhancing efficiency.
- Standardization ensures replaceability, allowing for smooth transitions within the workforce.
Predictability in Management
- Organizations operate under specific rules and standards, akin to machines.
- Dysfunctionality in an organization can be addressed rationally by reassessing applied rules.
Henri Fayol's Contributions
- Recognized as the Father of modern operational-management theory.
- Developed a framework focusing on two aspects:
- Elements of management encompassing planning, organizing, command, coordination, and control.
- Principles of organizational structure that guide effective management practices.
Elements of Management
- Planning: Strategies for achieving organizational goals.
- Organizing: Structuring human resources effectively.
- Command: Directing employees toward goal achievement.
- Coordination: Integrating separate activities to function cohesively.
- Control: Monitoring performance against goals to ensure efficiency.
Principles of Organizational Structure
- Scalar Chain: Establishes a strict hierarchy for communication.
- Unity of Command: Employees receive orders from a single superior to avoid confusion.
- Unity of Direction: Grouping related activities under the same supervision.
- Division of Labor: Efficiency achieved through specialization.
- Order: Each task and employee has a designated place.
- Span of Control: Managers effectively oversee limited numbers of employees (20-30 for first-level, 6 for higher levels).
Fayol's Bridge
- Introduced the concept of horizontal communication, termed "gangplank," within the same hierarchy level to enhance organizational function, needing management authorization.
Principles of Organizational Power
- Centralization: Effective organizations centralize decision-making authority.
- Authority/Responsibility: Managers derive authority from their position and personal traits; responsibility should match authority.
- Discipline: All members are expected to follow organizational rules and managerial directives.
Principles of Organizational Reward
- Remuneration: Employees should be compensated fairly for their contributions.
- Equity: Fair treatment in remuneration fosters a just workplace.
- Tenure Stability: Ensuring sufficient time for employees in their roles enhances performance, though excessive stability can lead to counterproductive outcomes.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of Classical Management theories, including the contributions of Henri Fayol, Max Weber, and Frederick Taylor. This quiz delves into how industrialization transformed organizational structures and the core principles behind effective management. Test your knowledge on these foundational theories in management.
