Classical Management Theories and Work Motivation Quiz

Organizations reduce risk by acquiring goods from multiple sources to minimize the risk of ending without any goods.

Organizations can produce more than necessary due to the advantages of division of labor and specialization.

Exchange and coordination are not important within an organization due to the efficiency gained from work division.

The possibility to buy just part of a firm instead of the whole reduces risks for the buyer.

The division of labor and specialization result in employees having similar abilities within an organization.

Efficiency is not a consideration for the existence of organizations.

McClelland's Theory of Achievement Motives emphasized the need to explore motivation in humans beyond biological deficit motives, developing a measurement method for psychogenic needs.

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory is based on motivators and hygiene factors, influencing job design and personnel policy.

Modern Motivation Theories distinguish between intrinsic motivation (self-drive) and extrinsic motivation (external drive).

Deci's cognitive evaluation theory challenged behaviorist theories, showing that extrinsic motivators can inhibit motivation.

Alderfer proposed a model of motives, dividing them into existence, social attachment, and growth.

Henry A. Murray's Theory of Person-Environment References listed complex and non-hierarchical human aspirations and formulated the achievement motive theory central to organizational and HR research.

Wilhelm Wundt's appointment to the University of Leipzig founded psychology as an empirical science

Freud's psychoanalytic motivation theory is based on drive reduction and the concept of unconscious reasons for action

Clark L. Hull's Drive Theory is based on behaviorism and explains behavior as the interplay of needs and environmental states

Hull's theory mathematically formulates the law of habit formation and the concept of incentives

Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes basic physiological motives, security, and belonging as 'deficit needs'

Content theories of motivation from the 1950s focused on individual motivational factors, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Murray's theory, and Herzberg's Two Factor Theory

Metaphors involving the organization as a machine were not prominent in classical theories, shaping how we think and communicate

Max Weber's bureaucracy theory emphasized the flexibility of rules in organizations, leading to innovative and adaptive associations

Classical management theory by Fayol focused on decentralizing the entire company and eliminating management activities from core tasks

The reduction of human decision-making in favor of control by machines and foremen was not central to the industrial revolution's influence on organizational theories

The organization as an instrument for achieving goals has origins in the Greek term 'Organon,' meaning tool or instrument

Mechanistic thinking has faced no criticism and presents no challenges due to the world's complexity not aligning with a fixed system

Frederick Taylor's Scientific Management principles include unity of management and tasks, congruence of tasks and responsibilities, and the necessity of staff specialists.

Taylorism emphasizes the separation of manual and mental work, the function master system, and the use of money as a motivating factor.

Classical management theories, such as Taylorism, do not share similarities in the process of planning, organization, coordination, and control, forming the basis for management practices like MBO and PPBS.

Mechanistic views of organizations offer strengths like clear structuring and coordination but also have weaknesses in underestimating human aspects and lacking flexibility.

The Hawthorne experiments demonstrated the influence of psychological factors on work performance and marked a shift in organizational research towards the human relations movement.

The concept of motivation involves understanding sources of motivation, the ability to motivate individuals, and how organizations can control output through motivation.