Classes of Macromolecules Flashcards

Study Notes

Carbohydrates

Comprised of sugars produced during photosynthesis.
Starches serve as stored excess sugars in plant cells.
Primary role is energy production and structural support for certain cell components.
Types:
- Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
- Polysaccharides (complex sugars)
Fundamental elements include Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

Proteins

Consist of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and amino acids.
Twenty different amino acids determine the diversity of proteins.
The sequence of amino acids dictates a protein's structure and functionality.
Ribosomes are responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins.
Essential for building cellular structures and facilitating biological processes.
Enzymes, as a subset of proteins, accelerate chemical reactions.

Lipids

Composed mainly of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
Function primarily in energy storage.
Common types include fats, oils, and waxes.
Non-polar substances that do not dissolve in water.
Phospholipids form the structural basis of cell membranes, crucial for cellular integrity.

Nucleic Acids

Long chains of organic molecules forming genetic material.
Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.
Includes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
DNA serves as the genetic blueprint for organisms.
RNA plays a critical role in protein synthesis and regulation.

Description

Explore key concepts related to the four classes of macromolecules including carbohydrates and proteins. Learn definitions, functions, and types through flashcards designed to enhance your understanding of biological molecules. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone interested in biology.