Biology Class: Macromolecules Review

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Questions and Answers

What is the simplest form of carbohydrates?

  • Monosaccharide (correct)
  • Disaccharide
  • Polysaccharide
  • Complex carbohydrate

Which process is used to break down polysaccharides?

  • Hydrolysis (correct)
  • Condensation reaction
  • Dehydration synthesis
  • Protein synthesis

What distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats?

  • Unsaturated fats are solid at room temperature
  • Saturated fats are derived from plants
  • Saturated fats are linear and solid at room temperature (correct)
  • Unsaturated fats are richer in cholesterol

Which element is NOT found in proteins?

<p>Phosphorus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does cellulose play in organisms?

<p>Important for digestion and gut health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What atoms are present in carbohydrates?

<p>C, H, O (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule contains phosphorus as one of its atoms?

<p>Nucleic Acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of proteins in terms of atoms?

<p>CHON (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is classified as a lipid?

<p>Palmitic Acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of elements is common to both lipids and carbohydrates?

<p>C, H, O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is made up of glycerol and three fatty acids?

<p>Lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about essential amino acids?

<p>They must be consumed through diet. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In polymerization, complex molecules are formed by the joining together of which type of molecules?

<p>Monomers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as an organic molecule in living organisms?

<p>Sodium chloride (NaCl) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can significantly impact protein function?

<p>Environmental temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes RNA from DNA?

<p>RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant monosaccharide in nature?

<p>Glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient can be detected using the Biuret indicator?

<p>Proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogen base is present in DNA but absent in RNA?

<p>Thymine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary building block of nucleic acids?

<p>Nucleotides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Carbohydrate Atoms

Carbohydrates are made of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O).

Monosaccharide

Simplest form of carbohydrate, like glucose.

Saturated Fat

Linear, solid fats often from animal sources, packed tightly.

Dehydration synthesis

Biological process linking molecules by removing water.

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Protein Building Blocks

Proteins are made of amino acids.

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Essential amino acids

Amino acids that the body cannot produce and must be obtained from food.

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Protein functions

Proteins perform many roles in the body, including movement, enzymes, transport, and structure.

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Environmental factors affecting protein function

Temperature and pH can affect how proteins work.

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Nucleic acid components

Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides, which consist of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

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Benedict's reagent positive result

Indicates the presence of sugar (monosaccharide).

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Lipid Components

Lipids are composed of glycerol and fatty acids.

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Polymer Building Blocks

Polymers are built from monomers.

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Non-organic Biomolecule

Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is not an organic molecule found in living organisms.

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Most Abundant Monosaccharide

Glucose is the most abundant and important monosaccharide in nature.

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DNA Variable Component

Nitrogen bases of a DNA molecule determine its variations.

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Carbohydrate Atoms

Carbohydrates are composed of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O).

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Lipid Atoms

Lipids are made of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O).

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Protein Atoms

Proteins contain Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), and Nitrogen (N).

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Nucleic Acid Atoms

Nucleic acids include Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and Phosphorus (P).

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Organic Molecules

Biological molecules containing carbon, often with Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.

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