Biology: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Lipids

Questions and Answers

What are carbohydrates primarily made of?

C, H, O, N, P

C, H, O, N

C, H, O (correct)

C, H

Which of the following are functions of carbohydrates? (Select all that apply)

Structure (correct)

Energy storage (correct)

Quick energy (correct)

Hormone signaling

What are the types of sugars?

Glucose

Fructose

Sucrose

All of the above (correct)

What are proteins?

Multipurpose molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are functions of proteins? (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hydrophobic amino acids?

They try to get away from water. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hydrophilic amino acids?

They try to stay in water. Signup and view all the answers

What are lipids?

Concentrated energy molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?

Lowers body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What are saturated fats typically derived from?

Animal fats Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fats are considered better for health?

Unsaturated fats Signup and view all the answers

What are nucleic acids?

Information molecules Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of nucleic acids? (Select all that apply)

Blueprint for building proteins Signup and view all the answers

What are the five different nucleotides?

A, T, C, G, U Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about water?

It is polar due to its unequal distribution of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What does the periodic table of elements show?

Atomic numbers and mass Signup and view all the answers

Which property of water indicates that ice is less dense than liquid water?

Ice's density Signup and view all the answers

What elements make up lipids?

C, H, O Signup and view all the answers

Which elements are found in nucleic acids?

C, H, O, N, P Signup and view all the answers

What elements do proteins contain?

C, H, O, N, S Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbohydrates

Serve as building block molecules primarily in the form of sugars.
Functions include providing quick energy and energy storage, as well as contributing to structural components in cells.
Types of sugars include glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose.

Proteins

Known as multipurpose molecules, essential for various biological functions.
Functions include hormone signaling (e.g., insulin), muscle movement, immune response, and acting as enzymes to facilitate chemical reactions.
Comprised of amino acids, with 20 different types available for protein synthesis.

Amino Acids

Formed into polymers through peptide bonds; each has distinct properties.
Can be classified based on their affinity for water; hydrophilic amino acids are water-loving and hydrophobic amino acids are water-fearing.

Lipids

Concentrated energy molecules, storing energy efficiently with double the energy yield compared to carbohydrates.
Functions include energy storage, forming cell membranes, providing insulation, and cushioning organs.
Types include saturated fats (solid at room temperature and linked to heart disease) and unsaturated fats (liquid at room temperature and healthier).
Cholesterol plays a vital role in cell membranes and hormone synthesis, though excess levels can be detrimental.

Nucleic Acids

Information molecules, key in genetics, consisting of DNA and RNA.
Functions include storing genetic material, acting as a blueprint for protein synthesis, and transferring information.
Made up of nucleotides, which possess different nitrogen bases: A, T, C, G (DNA) and U (RNA).

Water

Exhibits polarity due to the unequal distribution of electrons, making it a good solvent for charged and polar molecules.
Unique properties include ice being less dense than liquid water and a high heat of vaporization, contributing to temperature regulation in living organisms.

Elemental Compositions

Carbohydrates consist of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).
Lipids are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).
Nucleic acids contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P).
Proteins consist of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and occasionally sulfur.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. This quiz covers their structures, functions, and the roles they play in living organisms. Dive into the world of sugars, amino acids, and energy storage molecules.