Civil Engineering Specializations Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Cut Spanish Road pavement?

  • It is a cheaper alternative for construction.
  • It was easily quarried, cut, and handled. (correct)
  • It is aesthetically pleasing and durable.
  • It provides excellent traction for vehicles.

    • What size is classified as 'ordinario' in the context of Cut Spanish Road pavement?

  • 20 x 20 cm and 50 cm long (correct)
  • 15 x 15 cm
  • 10 x 10 cm
  • 25 x 25 cm and 60 cm long

    • Which pavement type is known for its durability and varied size?

  • Cut Spanish Road pavement
  • Brick pavement
  • Concrete pavement
  • Rubble-stone pavement (correct)

    • Who founded the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees, the first institution for teaching Civil Engineering?

    <p>Daniel-Charles Trudaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What authorized the Philippine Government to provide for commerce in 1902?

    <p>The Philippine Bill of 1902</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurred in the Philippines in 1898?

    <p>Ceded from Spain to the US</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who served as Secretary of Public Welfare from January to May 1899?

    <p>Gracio Gonzaga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main change instituted by Act No. 1401 on October 4, 1905?

    <p>Abolishment of engineering districts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the merger between the AAAF and Liceo?

    <p>Formation of the Escuela de Ingeniera y Arquitectura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution is considered the oldest engineering school in the Philippines?

    <p>University of Santo Tomas (UST)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which new course offerings were available when the Escuela reopened in 1908?

    <p>Electrical Engineering and Architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were Public Works, Transportation, and Communication grouped into under Paterno's leadership?

    <p>A new department</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the introduction of reinforced concrete in the Philippines?

    <p>It became a standard practice in engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of energy and environmental engineering?

    <p>To combine knowledge from biology, chemistry, and physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which engineering discipline is primarily concerned with the design and layout of engineering projects using GIS and GPS?

    <p>Surveying/Geodetic Engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In civil engineering, what is the main purpose of rehabilitation?

    <p>To fix structures back to their original condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is emphasized in construction engineering and management?

    <p>Following design plans to build solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does water resources engineering primarily focus on?

    <p>Managing water supply and quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important task in operation and maintenance within civil engineering?

    <p>Fixing small problems before they escalate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common field of study does materials engineering integrate with construction?

    <p>Physics, math, and economics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which engineering specialization is most closely related to the efficiency of renewable energy?

    <p>Energy and Environmental Engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant law was passed on February 23, 1921?

    <p>The Engineers and Architects Law (Act No. 2985)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was formed on September 14, 1902, as the first professional association of architecture and surveyors?

    <p>Academia de Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas (AAAF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was established in 1908 as part of public works in the Philippines?

    <p>Bureau of Public Works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major infrastructure development occurred in the Philippines in 1911?

    <p>The first appearance of motor vehicles on highways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event occurred during the period of December 24, 1941 to August 1, 1944?

    <p>Closure of the Escuela</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act was responsible for creating the Bureau of Engineerings and Construction of Public?

    <p>Philippine Commission Act No. 222 and 268</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who served as the Minister of Public Works under President Laurel?

    <p>Quintin Paredes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the Engineers and Architects Law first come into effect?

    <p>1921</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ethics in engineering as mentioned in the content?

    <p>It helps engineers in making moral choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical theory emphasizes a cost-benefit analysis to determine moral rightness?

    <p>Utilitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the obligations stated for a Civil Engineer regarding their work?

    <p>To exercise reasonable skill, care, and diligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstance is a Civil Engineer authorized to act as the client's faithful agent?

    <p>As implied in the contract adopted for the project.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a Civil Engineer do upon discovering changes in the scope of services?

    <p>Give written notice to the client with details of the change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the study of ethics provide for engineering students?

    <p>Preparation for making difficult ethical decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about moral choices is true?

    <p>Morally right or wrong is subjective and varies by individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a requirement for Civil Engineers as stated in their obligations?

    <p>To prioritize personal benefits in decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Civil Engineering Specializations

    • Construction Engineering and Management: Focuses on planning, scheduling, and executing construction projects.
    • Geotechnical Engineering: Analyzes soil and rock behavior to ensure foundations can safely support structures.
    • Structural Engineering: Designs and analyzes structural elements like beams, columns, and walls to ensure building stability.
    • Transportation Engineering: Plans, designs, and manages transportation systems including roads, bridges, and transit systems.
    • Water Resources Engineering: Manages water resources like water supply, irrigation, and flood control.
    • Energy and Environmental Engineering: Focuses on sustainable energy sources, pollution control, and environmental impact assessment.
    • Surveying/Geodetic Engineering: Uses precise instruments to measure distances, angles, and elevations for land mapping and engineering projects.
    • Materials Engineering: Develops and analyzes materials used in construction like concrete, steel, and composites.

    Similarities of Engineering and Architecture

    • Both disciplines are involved in the design and construction of buildings and infrastructure.

    Pavement Construction Methods Used in the Philippines

    • Pavement of Cut Spanish Road: Used locally quarried stone, "ordinario" size (20 x 20 x 50 cm) , smooth but wears quickly.
    • Rubble-Stone Pavement: Used irregular stones (10-30 cm diameter), very durable and long lasting, but uneven surface.

    History of Civil Engineering in the Philippines

    • 1747: Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees established, the first institution for teaching civil engineering.
    • 1898: After Spain ceded the Philippines to the US, public works were placed under the US Army engineers.
    • 1899: The Department of War and Public Works was created under the leadership of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo..
    • 1900: Liceo de Manila, the first private school to offer civil engineering training.
    • 1901: Act No. 83 placed public works under provincial supervision.
    • 1902: The first professional association of architecture and surveyors, Academia de Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas (AAAF), was founded.
    • 1903: AAAF became AIAAF (Academia de Arquitectura, Ingeniera y Agrimensura de Filipinas).
    • 1904: The Academia merged with Liceo to form Escuela de Ingeniera y Arquitectura, offering a 5-year civil engineering course.
    • 1905: The Escuela ceased operations and roadworks improved. Act No.1401 abolished engineering districts and district engineer positions.
    • 1907: The Faculty of Engineering at UST was founded, the oldest engineering school in the Philippines.
    • 1908: The Escuela reopened, offering a 3-year course in civil engineering, architecture, and electrical engineering.
    • 1910: W.J. Colbert appointed as acting Dean of the College of Engineering at UP. Jose P. Katigbak served as the first instructor in graphics.
    • 1911: The AIAAF dissolved as civil engineers formed their own organization, the Philippine Society of Engineers.
    • 1912: The Escuela closed. The Irrigation Act of 1912 established an Irrigation Division under the Bureau of Public Works.
    • 1919: The Metropolitan Water District was founded.
    • 1921: The Engineers and Architects Law (Act No. 2985) was passed establishing legal guidelines for the profession.

    Civil Engineering Ethics

    • Obligations of Civil Engineers:

    • Scope of Services: Perform services as outlined in the Professional Manual of Practice.

    • Reasonable Skill and Care: Exercise reasonable skill, care, and diligence in their work.

    • Independent Judgment: Act independently in their professional decisions.

    • Client's Faithful Agent: Act as the client's agent only as authorized by the contract.

    • Change in Scope Notice: Give written notice when any circumstances affect or change the project scope.

    • Ethical Theories Based on Philosophical Scholars:

    • Utilitarianism (John Stuart Mill): Stresses balancing good and bad consequences for everyone.

    • Duty Ethics (Immanuel Kant): Focuses on moral principles and following prescribed actions.

    • These theories provide frameworks for making ethical decisions as engineers.

    Summary of Key Facts

    • The Philippines has had a long history of civil engineering development, starting from Spain's colonial era.
    • The profession has grown significantly with the establishment of key institutions like the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees, Liceo de Manila, and the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Santo Tomas.
    • Civil engineers in the Philippines are bound by a set of ethical obligations and are guided by ethical theories like utilitarianism and duty ethics to make morally sound decisions.

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    CIEN REVIEWER PDF - History of Civil Engineering

    Description

    Explore various specializations within civil engineering, including Construction Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, and more. This quiz covers key aspects of each specialization, helping you understand their roles in building and infrastructure development.

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