Civil Engineering Midterm Review

Institutions and Historical Milestones

• The Institution of Civil Engineers is the world's first engineering society.
• The National School of Bridges and Highways was established as the first engineering school globally.
• Senator Camilo Osias served as the first president of National University.
• Governor Domingo Moriones founded the municipal waterworks in Manila in 1878.
• The Philippine Society of Civil Engineering (PSCE) was the first civil engineering organization in the Philippines.

Areas of Civil Engineering

• Civil Engineering integrates science, mathematics, and computational tools to address societal development and sustainability challenges.
• Structural Engineering focuses on the physical integrity of structures, referred to as the "bones and muscles."
• Environmental and Sanitary Engineering encompasses planning and management of water supply, waste management, and public health.
• Geotechnical Engineering studies the behavior of earth materials for construction purposes.

Notable Contributions and Figures

• Peter Rice played a significant role in the engineering of the Sydney Opera House.
• Imhotep is recognized as the first recorded structural engineer in history.
• Leonardo Iturrino was known for designing the Santiago fortress in Manila.
• Engr. Orlando P. Lopez is currently the program chair of the Civil Engineering Department at National University.
• Engr. Dale P. Cataquis serves as the OIC dean of the College of Engineering at National University.

Engineering Disciplines

• Computer Engineering focuses on the design of computer systems and networks.
• Industrial Engineering aims at optimizing manufacturing processes and facilities.
• Construction Engineering Management combines engineering principles with project management skills to successfully complete construction projects.
• Water Resources Engineering is vital for planning and maintaining global water resources.

Structural Elements and Concepts

• The Appian Way, constructed in 312 BC, is an early example of road engineering.
• The Leaning Tower of Pisa is famous for its foundation-related issues.
• Pyramids in Egypt represent early large-scale structural construction.
• Continuous Structure refers to buildings with enduring supporting walls that manage loads effectively.

Materials and Resources

• Soil Mechanics assesses the properties of soils and their use in construction.
• Gravel consists of rock fragments and other minerals, while sand is primarily composed of quartz and feldspar.
• Clay is identified by its flaky, microscopic particles.
• Groundwater, constituting a significant portion of water supplies, is located in subsurface cracks and pores.

Project Management in Construction

• Construction Scheduling outlines timelines for tasks and activities within a project lifecycle.
• Construction Management is essential for overseeing project quality, safety, cost, and scope.
• Project Completion signifies the successful end of all construction phases, validating effective management practices.

Noteworthy Structures

• Burj Khalifa was designed by architect William Baker and represents a pinnacle of modern engineering.
• The first suspension bridge in Southeast Asia is the Puente Colgante.
• Hydraulic Structures are designed to manage water flow and are often submerged or partially in water.
• Earthen Dams are built using soil to retain water, showcasing essential civil engineering techniques.