Questions and Answers
What year was the baluarte breached by British forces?
Which church is recognized as the oldest stone church in the Philippines?
What material was primarily used in the construction of the present San Sebastian Church?
When were the first shipments of steel parts for San Sebastian Church received in the Philippines?
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Which bridge was the first to connect Intramuros and Binondo?
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Who supervised the construction of the San Sebastian Church?
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What significant event caused damage to the baluarte after it was restored post-1762?
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Which company supplied the stained glass windows for the San Sebastian Church?
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What was the title given to Filipino builders during the Spanish era?
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What significant construction project began shortly after the establishment of Manila in 1571?
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Which group was primarily responsible for early architectural developments in the Philippines during the Spanish period?
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What were the responsibilities of Filipino engineers during the 18th and 19th centuries?
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What was the social status of the indio builders during the Spanish period?
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Which fortification was designed and built by Jesuit priest Antonio Sedeno?
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Why were the early churches built by the Franciscans primarily made of wood and cane?
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In what year did the construction of a stone church financed by public charity begin?
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Study Notes
History of Civil Engineering in the Philippines
- During Spanish rule, civil engineering and architecture were closely linked, with no Filipino civil engineers allowed to hold the title.
- Filipino builders were referred to as Maestro de Obras (Master Builders), equivalent to today's Construction Foreman.
- Lack of academic institutions meant no formal civil engineering education for Filipinos; only Spaniards held academic degrees in engineering.
- Intramuros, the walled city, served as a model community developed by Friar Architects/Engineers who adhered to European standards.
- Filipino engineers managed the maintenance and remodeling of town infrastructures, including churches and government buildings, during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Key Historical Events
- 1571: Miguel Lopez de Legaspi established Manila; construction of Fort Santiago began.
- 1577: Franciscan Order arrived, starting church constructions, with a notable stone church completed in 1739.
- 1586-87: Jesuit priest Antonio Sedeno designed Nuestra Senora de Guia, an early fortification that underwent multiple renovations.
- 1599: St. Augustine Church, the oldest stone church in the Philippines, was constructed but faced multiple destructions and reconstructions.
- 1621: San Sebastian Church was established on a site donated by Don Bernardino Castillo, later rebuilt in steel after fires and earthquakes devastated previous structures.
Engineering Innovations
- San Sebastian Church was the first all-steel church in Asia, constructed with the help of Belgian engineers and Gustave Eiffel's design techniques.
- Incorporation of Belgian steel and German stained glass showcased international collaboration in engineering and artistry.
Infrastructure Developments
- 1632: Puente Grande was built as the first bridge over the Rio del Pasig, linking Intramuros to Binondo, significantly improving travel.
- The bridge required several reconstructions due to frequent earthquake damage and was renamed Puente de Espatia after the 1883 earthquake.
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Description
Explore the intertwining history of architecture and civil engineering in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. This quiz delves into the social constraints faced by indio builders and their evolution into the civil engineering profession. Understand the significant developments that laid the groundwork for modern engineering.
