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Questions and Answers
What term was used to refer to Filipinos who worked in construction during the Spanish colonial period?
What term was used to refer to Filipinos who worked in construction during the Spanish colonial period?
Which statement about the educational background of Filipino builders during the Spanish period is true?
Which statement about the educational background of Filipino builders during the Spanish period is true?
Which of the following structures was constructed first in the Philippines?
Which of the following structures was constructed first in the Philippines?
Who was responsible for the design of San Sebastian Church?
Who was responsible for the design of San Sebastian Church?
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What was the primary purpose of Fort Santiago when it was built?
What was the primary purpose of Fort Santiago when it was built?
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What significant event occurred at Fort Santiago involving a national hero?
What significant event occurred at Fort Santiago involving a national hero?
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Puente Grande, the first bridge across the Pasig River, underwent several reconstructions. What is its renamed version?
Puente Grande, the first bridge across the Pasig River, underwent several reconstructions. What is its renamed version?
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Which was the first masonry-built lighthouse in the Philippines?
Which was the first masonry-built lighthouse in the Philippines?
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What significant infrastructure was completed on November 24, 1892?
What significant infrastructure was completed on November 24, 1892?
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Who was responsible for the establishment of Manila's first running water system?
Who was responsible for the establishment of Manila's first running water system?
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Which engineer designed the first suspension bridge in Southeast Asia?
Which engineer designed the first suspension bridge in Southeast Asia?
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What was the total proposed length of the railroad network envisioned in the Royal Decree on Railroads?
What was the total proposed length of the railroad network envisioned in the Royal Decree on Railroads?
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In what year was the Manila Tramways network approved for construction?
In what year was the Manila Tramways network approved for construction?
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What was one notable engineering feat included in the construction of the Manila-Dagupan Railway?
What was one notable engineering feat included in the construction of the Manila-Dagupan Railway?
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Which organization was established in 1868 to regulate infrastructure projects in the Philippines?
Which organization was established in 1868 to regulate infrastructure projects in the Philippines?
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What was the primary purpose of the Escuela Práctica y Artes Oficios de Manila founded in 1880?
What was the primary purpose of the Escuela Práctica y Artes Oficios de Manila founded in 1880?
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What significant event interrupted government operations in 1941?
What significant event interrupted government operations in 1941?
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Who served as Minister of Public Works and Communications during the Japanese occupation?
Who served as Minister of Public Works and Communications during the Japanese occupation?
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What was the primary purpose of the Metropolitan Water District formed between 1919 and 1954?
What was the primary purpose of the Metropolitan Water District formed between 1919 and 1954?
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What was the primary purpose of the Caliraya Dam when it became operational in 1942?
What was the primary purpose of the Caliraya Dam when it became operational in 1942?
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What was the theme of the first PICE International Convention held in 1975?
What was the theme of the first PICE International Convention held in 1975?
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Who was the first president of the Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE) formed in 1937?
Who was the first president of the Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE) formed in 1937?
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Which executive order reorganized the Department of Public Works and Communications in 1945?
Which executive order reorganized the Department of Public Works and Communications in 1945?
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What significant legislation was signed into law in the Philippines on February 19, 1977?
What significant legislation was signed into law in the Philippines on February 19, 1977?
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In what year did the Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPWH) get formed?
In what year did the Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPWH) get formed?
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What significant change occurred with the Engineers and Architects Law (Act No. 2985) passed in 1921?
What significant change occurred with the Engineers and Architects Law (Act No. 2985) passed in 1921?
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What funding sources aided the rehabilitation of infrastructure in 1946?
What funding sources aided the rehabilitation of infrastructure in 1946?
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Which event marked the year 1938 in the context of architectural and engineering laws?
Which event marked the year 1938 in the context of architectural and engineering laws?
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Which act established laws for civil engineering in the Philippines in 1950?
Which act established laws for civil engineering in the Philippines in 1950?
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What major infrastructure project was completed in 1982?
What major infrastructure project was completed in 1982?
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What was created under Republic Act No. 1192 in 1954?
What was created under Republic Act No. 1192 in 1954?
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What was the name of the bridge that was replaced by a modern steel arch bridge in the early 1930s?
What was the name of the bridge that was replaced by a modern steel arch bridge in the early 1930s?
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Civil Engineering Week was proclaimed in which year?
Civil Engineering Week was proclaimed in which year?
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What was the primary objective of PACE as stated during its formation?
What was the primary objective of PACE as stated during its formation?
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Which major infrastructure was turned over to the Philippine government in 1948?
Which major infrastructure was turned over to the Philippine government in 1948?
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What change occurred in the Civil Engineering Board Exam results starting November 2006?
What change occurred in the Civil Engineering Board Exam results starting November 2006?
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What law passed on August 2, 1935, allowed under-aged individuals to take board exams?
What law passed on August 2, 1935, allowed under-aged individuals to take board exams?
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What was the primary aim of the petition filed by PICE in 2005 concerning the National Building Code?
What was the primary aim of the petition filed by PICE in 2005 concerning the National Building Code?
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Which executive order from September 2006 regulated review centers for civil engineering?
Which executive order from September 2006 regulated review centers for civil engineering?
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What major departmental change occurred in 1931?
What major departmental change occurred in 1931?
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Study Notes
Early Civil Engineering in the Philippines
- Filipinos weren't formally recognized as civil engineers during Spanish colonial rule (over 350 years) but were known as Maestro de Obras (Master Builders)
- Despite their skills, social prejudice prevented them from holding official engineering titles.
Important Structures and Dates
- Fort Santiago (1571) served as a vital defense structure and became a prison, holding national hero José Rizal.
- Fort San Antonio Abad (1584) was a strategic fort, captured by the British in 1762 and rebuilt in the 19th century.
- St. Augustine Church (1599-1607), the oldest stone church in the Philippines, remains standing despite numerous earthquakes.
- San Sebastian Church (1888), the first and only all-steel church in Asia, designed by Gustave Eiffel and built with steel parts from Brussels, Belgium.
- Puente Grande (1632), the first bridge across the Pasig River, was later renamed Puente de España, eventually replaced by the Jones Bridge in the 1930s.
- Betis Artesian Wells (1686), the first wells built in Betis, Pampanga, and the first water system in Manila, constructed in the same year.
- Pasig River Lighthouse (1846), the first masonry-built lighthouse in the Philippines, replacing the area now known as Parola.
Puente Colgante (1852)
- The first suspension bridge in Southeast Asia, connecting Quiapo to Intramuros, designed by Basque engineer Matias Menchacatorre.
- This bridge provided access across the Pasig River for pedestrians and vehicles, serving as an early version of modern toll bridges.
Carriedo Waterworks (1878-1918)
- Manila's first running water system, funded by the legacy of Don Francisco Carriedo y Peredo, a Basque philanthropist, established under Governor Domingo Moriones.
- The Carriedo legacy was realized over a century after his death, providing clean water to Manila.
Development of Public Works and Transportation
- The Bureau of Public Works and Highways and Bureau of Communications and Transportation were formally organized under a civil engineer known as the Director General.
- This helped regulate infrastructure projects across the Philippines.
The Manila-Dagupan Railway (1876-1892)
- Construction began in 1887, with a total track length of 195.4 kilometers, connecting Manila and Dagupan.
- The railway was completed in 1892, improving transportation between the two cities.
- Notable engineering feats included the bridge over Pampanga River and Tutuban Station in Tondo, Manila.
Manila Tramways (1878)
- Five tramways in Manila and its suburbs were approved for construction.
- The tramways network was designed to ease transportation across the city, with a main station at San Gabriel.
Escuela Práctica y Artes Oficios de Manila (1880)
- This school trained Filipino Maestro de Obras (Master Builders).
Communal Irrigation Systems (1914)
- Early communal systems known as zanjera were constructed in Ilocos, using bamboo and rock diversion structures known as "brush dams."
Secretary Dionisio Jakosalem (1917-1922)
- Appointed Secretary of Commerce and Communication by Gov. Gen. Francis B. Harrison.
- Credited for building roads linking northern and southern Cebu.
Metropolitan Water District Formation (1919-1954)
- Established to manage Metro Manila's water supply.
Engineers and Architects Law (Act No. 2985) (1921)
- Passed to create separate boards for architecture and civil engineering.
- Empowered Filipinos, previously trained as Maestro de Obras, to practice as licensed architects and engineers.
Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) Formation (1928).
- Founded by government engineers, led by Engr. Marcial Kasilag, who received PRC Registration No. 1 for civil engineers.
Puente Colgante Bridge (1930s)
- Replaced by a modern steel arch bridge.
- Renamed Quezon Bridge after Manuel L. Quezon, the president of the Philippines at that time.
Department of Public Works and Communications (1931)
- The Department of Commerce and Communications was renamed as the Department of Public Works and Communications (DPWC).
DPWC Reorganization (1935)
- Act No. 4211 allowed under-aged individuals to take board exams with the condition they practice as licensed professionals once they reach 21 years old.
- During the Commonwealth Government inauguration, the DPWC was reorganized to include several bureaus like the Bureau of Public Works, Ports, and Aeronautics.
Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE) (1937)
- Engr. Enrique Sto. Tomas Cortes became the first president of PACE.
- PACE aimed to improve professional standards, encourage research, and foster fellowship among engineers.
Separation of Architecture and Engineering (1938)
- National Assembly Bill No. 1850 legally separated the practice of architecture from engineering.
- May 8, the unified railroad system from San Fernando, La Union in the north to Legazpi in the south was inaugurated.
Epifanio delos Santos Avenue (EDSA) (1940)
- Highway 54, now known as EDSA, was originally named the North and South Circumferential Road and was constructed by engineers Florencio Moreno and Osmundo Monsod.
World War II (1941-1945)
- The Department of Public Works and Communications was effectively abolished during the Japanese occupation.
- The Department of Public Works and Communication was reorganized into the Department of National Defense, Public Works, Communications, and Labor under Basilio Valdes.
- Caliraya Dam in Lumban, Laguna, began construction in 1939 and became operational in 1942.
- Quintin Paredes served as the Minister of Public Works and Communications under President Jose P. Laurel during the Japanese occupation.
- After WWII, the Department of Public Works and Communications was reestablished by Executive Order No. 27.
DPWC Post-War (1946-1948)
- DPWC resumed operations with limited resources, focusing on rebuilding infrastructure using Japanese war reparations and U.S. financial aid.
- The Motor Vehicles Office came under the direct supervision of DPWC.
- Manila International Airport was given to the Philippine government and managed by the National Airport Corporation.
Civil Engineering and Architecture Laws (1950)
- RA 544 and RA 545 established laws for civil engineering and architecture, respectively.
- Engr. Alberto Guevarra, president of PACE, significantly contributed to the passing of RA 544, the Civil Engineering Law.
DPWC Reorganization (1951)
- President Elpidio Quirino issued Executive Order No. 392, reorganizing the DPWC to include the Bureau of Public Works, Motor Vehicles Office, and Flood Control Commission.
The Philippine Highway Act (1953)
- RA 917 provided effective highway administration, aiding provinces and cities in road and bridge improvements.
The Bureau of Public Highways (1954)
- Republic Act No. 1192 created the Bureau of Public Highways to manage Philippine highways effectively.
PICE International Convention (1975)
- The first PICE International Convention took place in the Philippines with the theme "Civil Engineering in Disaster Prevention and Control."
The National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) (1977)
- Presidential Decree No. 1096 laid down standards for the construction industry.
Merger of Ministries (1981)
- The Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPWH) was created by merging the Ministry of Public Works and Ministry of Highways.
Completion of Magat Dam (1982)
- Magat Dam, located on the Magat River, is one of the largest dams in the Philippines.
Civil Engineering Week (1991).
- Proclamation No. 799 declared November 3-9, 1991 as Civil Engineering Week.
First Computerized Board Examinations (1993)
- The Board of Civil Engineering at PRC held fully computerized exams on May 29, 1993.
Syllabi for Civil Engineering Board Exams (1995)
- On February 28, 1995, the syllabi for licensure examination subjects were formalized.
Petition for Declaratory Relief (PICE vs. Revised IRR of National Building Code) (2005)
- The Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) and Engr. Leo Cleto Gamolo filed a petition to declare Sections 302.3 and 302.4 of the Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of Presidential Decree No. 1096, the National Building Code of the Philippines, null and void.
- These sections required architectural documents for building permits to be exclusively prepared, signed, and sealed by architects.
- PICE argued that this contradicts the Civil Engineering Law (Republic Act No. 544), claiming that civil engineers should be allowed to prepare and sign architectural documents.
Changes in CE Board Exam Results and Regulation of Review Centers (2006)
- The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) only released the Top 10 performers in the Civil Engineering Board Exam, discontinuing the rankings from 11th to 20th place.
- Executive Order No. 566 tasked the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) with regulating the establishment and operation of review centers.
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Description
Explore the rich history of civil engineering in the Philippines, focusing on the contributions of Filipino builders during Spanish colonial rule. This quiz highlights key structures, their dates, and the socio-political context affecting recognition and titles of engineers in the country.
