Civics Chapter 2: Judiciary - Std VIII

A court in India, established under the Indian Constitution, that serves as the highest court in a state or union territory.

A system of courts that upholds the rule of law. Individuals can file lawsuits when their rights are violated. It's a crucial part of India's democracy.

The process of resolving legal disputes through established procedures. Involves courts, judges, and lawyers.

The highest court in India. Its decisions are binding on all other courts in the country.

Matters relating to contracts, property ownership, family matters, and other non-criminal issues.

Matters involving crimes against individuals or the state, punishable by law.

A lawsuit filed in court by an individual or group to address issues of public interest.

A system where lower courts abide by the rulings of higher courts, creating a unified legal system.

Judges are free from political or other interference in their decision-making.

The judiciary has the power to resolve disputes according to the law, without interference from other branches of government.

Judges are appointed without undue influence from the executive or legislative branches.

The government provides sufficient resources for courts to operate effectively.

The structure of the Indian court system is hierarchical, with the Supreme Court at the top, followed by High Courts and District Courts.

District Courts are the primary trial courts where cases are initially heard.

The judiciary acts as a watchdog over the executive and legislative branches, ensuring they follow the law. This maintains a balance of power and prevents abuse.

The judiciary's decisions on important social issues, such as equality or fundamental rights, have shaped India's legal landscape. These rulings often reflect evolving societal values.

The principle of 'equality before the law' means everyone, regardless of background, is treated fairly and subject to the same rules.

The court system in India is structured with the Supreme Court at the top, followed by High Courts, and then lower courts. This ensures a hierarchy and consistency in legal decisions.

Everyone is subject to the same laws, and legal procedures must be followed fairly. This principle prevents arbitrary actions and ensures a just process for all.

The Supreme Court's decisions bind all other courts in India, creating a unified legal framework. This ensures consistent application of law nationwide.

The judiciary encourages open debates and discussions in court, allowing different perspectives and arguments to be heard. This promotes critical thinking and a healthy exchange of ideas.

The judiciary holds individuals and institutions accountable for their actions, ensuring transparency and preventing abuse of power. This promotes a responsible system.

A legal system dealing with acts considered harmful to society, such as theft, murder, or harassment. It focuses on punishment for wrongdoing.

A legal system dealing with disputes between individuals, organizations, or the government, like property ownership, contracts, or family matters. It aims to resolve conflicts and provide remedies.

A legal process where a person or group can file a lawsuit on behalf of the public to address issues of public interest, like environmental protection or human rights violations.

A fundamental value of PIL in India ensuring access to justice for all individuals regardless of their socioeconomic status or literacy levels.

PIL's role in the Indian judiciary is to make the legal system more accessible to everyone, especially those who might not have the resources to fight for their rights.