Civics Chapter 4 - Judiciary Notes PDF

Semester II -Std - VIII Subject - S.S (Civics) Chapter 4 - Judiciary * Difficult Words - 1.glimpse 2.mechanism 3.Dispute Resolution 4.violation 5.influence 6.legislature 7.executive 8.crucial 9.integration 10.Federation 11.acquitted 12.pro...

Semester II -Std - VIII Subject - S.S (Civics) Chapter 4 - Judiciary * Difficult Words - 1.glimpse 2.mechanism 3.Dispute Resolution 4.violation 5.influence 6.legislature 7.executive 8.crucial 9.integration 10.Federation 11.acquitted 12.procedures 13.evictions 14.encroacher 15.inordinately Q.1 Multiple Choice Questions - 1.The High Court of Delhi came up in which year? (a) 1950 (b) 1952 (c) 1966 (d) 1970 2. Total number of High Courts in India is - (a) 19 (b) 24 (c) 25 (d) 28 3. Which two states share a common High Court? (a) Punjab and Haryana (b) Delhi and Punjab (c) Delhi and Haryana (d) Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh 4. The High Court of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana was established in which year? (a) 2016 (b) 2017 (c) 2018 (d) 2019 5. Which law is violated in the case of a dowry death? (a) Society law (b) Civil law (c) Criminal law (d) None of these 6. What is the full form of PIL? Or What is the expansion at PIL? (a) Public Interest Litigation (b) Private Interest Litigation (c) Public Information Litigation (d) Public Information Law Q.2 Very Short Answer Type Questions - 1. In which cities were the first High Courts of India established? Ans. The first High Courts were established in the three Presidency cities of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. 2. Name some issues which comes under civil law. Ans. Disputes related to sale or purchase of land or other goods, rent matters, divorce cases etc comes under civil law. 3. What is the meaning of Judiciary? Ans. Judicial system or Judiciary consists of the mechanism of courts that enforces the rule of law. That means, any citizen can approach a court when a law is violated. As an organ of government it plays an important role in the functioning of India's democracy. 4. What do you understand by integrated judicial system? Ans. The different courts in India are connected to each other in an integrated judicial system. This integration of courts is through the following mechanisms The decision made by higher courts are binding on the lower courts.  The appellate system exists in India where a person can appeal to a higher court if they are not satisfied with the judgement of the lower court. Q.3 Short Answer Type Questions - 1. The judiciary has played a crucial role in democratic India.' Justify the statement. Competency Based Ans. The judiciary in democratic India has been important, ensuring the protection of constitutional principles and safeguarding citizens rights. It acts as a check on the executive and legislative branches, upholding the rule of law. Through landmark judgements, the judiciary has addressed social issues, promoted equality, and interpreted the Constitution, contributing significantly to the country's democratic framework. The judiciary's independence and commitment to justice reinforce its crucial role in upholding democratic values in India. 2. What values can be learned from the functioning of Indian judiciary? Ans. From the Indian judiciary, several values can be learnt as follows * Equality and Justice - The judiciary's commitment to upholding the Constitution and its principles of equality before the law, regardless of background, fosters a sense of fairness and justice. * Rule of Law - Its emphasis on due process and adherence to legal procedures reinforces the idea that everyone is subject to the same laws, promoting a society governed by law, not by individuals. * Critical Thinking and Debate - Its open court system and engagement with diverse perspectives encourage critical thinking and healthy debate on important issues, strengthening democratic discourse. * Accountability and Transparency - Its role in holding individuals and institutions accountable for their actions promotes transparency and prevents the abuse of power. 3. Describe the evolution of courts in India. Ans. The first High Courts were established during the British rule in 1862. They were set-up in the three presidency cities of Calcutta,Bombay and Madras. The Supreme Court of India was established as a federal court under British rule. It was established as Supreme Court on 26th January, 1950. The Delhi High Court was established in 1966. Now, the country has one Supreme Court at the top and 25 High Courts. 4. The decisions made by the Supreme Court are binding on all other courts in India.' Justify the statement. Ans. The statement is justified because the Supreme Court holds the highest authority in the Indian judicial system. Its decisions set legal precedents and interpretations that guide lower courts. The doctrine of judicial precedent ensures consistency and uniformity in legal rulings throughout the country. As the apex court, its judgements are binding on all other courts, establishing a hierarchical structure that maintains the integrity and coherence of the Indian legal system. Q.4 Long Answer Type Questions - 1. Discuss the ways through which the independence of judiciary is ensured. Ans. The independence of judiciary is ensured in the following ways The independence of the judiciary shall be guaranteed by the State and enshrined in the Constitution or the law of the country. It is the duty of all governmental and other institutions to respect and observe the independence of the judiciary. The judiciary shall decide matters in accordance with the law, without any restrictions, improper influences, pressures, threats or interferences. The judiciary shall have jurisdiction over all issues of a judicial nature and shall have exclusive authority to decide whether an issue submitted for its decision is within its competence as defined by law. It is essential that all the judges shall be appointed without any interference from other branches of the government.  It is the duty of each Member State to provide adequate resources to enable the judiciary to properly perform its functions. 2. District courts are the most accessible courts for litigants, and High Courts and the Supreme Court are the higher courts that hear appeals from district courts. Describe the structure of courts in India. Ans.The structure of courts in India is pyramidal, with the Supreme Court at the apex, followed by the High Courts, and then the District Courts and Subordinate Courts. The three different levels of courts in India are as follows (i) District Court - The District or Subordinate Courts are at the district /tehsil/ town level. They are presided over by a District Judge. The district court is known by several names such as the Trial court or the court of district judge, the additional sessions judge, Chief Judicial Magistrate, Metropolitan Magistrate, Civil Judge. (ii) High Court - High Courts exist at the state level and they are the highest court of the state. There are 25 High Courts in India. The first High Courts were established in the three presidency states of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras in 1862. (iii) Supreme Court - It is the top most court in India which is located at New Delhi. It was established on 26th January, 1950 and is presided over by the Chief Justice of India. The decisions made by the Supreme Court are binding on all other courts in India. 3. What are the differences between different branches of the legal system? Ans. The legal system is divided into two main branches i.e. criminal law and civil law. The differences between them are as follows * Criminal Law *It deals with conduct or acts that the law defines as offences *The examples of criminal cases are theft, harrasment of women for dowry, murder, etc. *It begins with lodging an FIR with the police who investigate the crime. After the investigation the case is filed in the court. *Under this law, if the accused found guilty, he/she can be ser to jail and also fined. * Civil Law *It deals with any harm or injury to the rights of individuals. *The examples of civil cases are sale of land, rent matters, divorce cases, etc. *A petition has to be filed in the relevant party by the affected party only. *Under this law, if the accused is found guilty, the court gives specific relief that is asked for. 4. Discuss the role of PIL in Indian judiciary. What values have you learnt from the of PIL in Indian judicial system? Ans. The role of PIL in Indian judiciary is to increase the access to justice of the people. Through PIL, any individual or organisation can approach the court on behalf of those whose rights have been violated. It had simplified the legal process as even a letter or telegram addressed to the Supreme Court or High Court could be treated as a PIL. The values which I have learnt from the PIL in Indian judicial system are as follows Justice for all - The system of PIL provides justice to all people even if they cannot read or write or they are poor. Equality - PIL has established equality in the justice system by easing the access to courts even for the lower strata of the society. Fairness - PIL upholds fairness by providing necessary and correct justice.