Circulatory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the heart valves?

  • To circulate blood throughout the body
  • To regulate blood pressure
  • To increase heart rate
  • To prevent blood from flowing backwards (correct)

    • The bicuspid valve is located on the right side of the heart.

    False

    What are the two types of valves found in the heart?

    Atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves

    The valve on the right side of the heart is called the ______.

    <p>tricuspid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following valves with their location:

    <p>Tricuspid = Right side of the heart Bicuspid = Left side of the heart Semilunar = At the base of pulmonary and aortic arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for an increase in heart rate during physical activity?

    <p>To remove waste products at a faster rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle cells only respire aerobically during intense exercise.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What continues to happen to the heart rate after exercise?

    <p>The heart continues to beat faster for a while.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart helps repay the oxygen debt by continuing to beat faster to deliver _______ to muscle cells.

    <p>extra oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of heart rate and physical activity:

    <p>Increased heart rate = Removes waste products faster Oxygen debt = Repayment requires extra oxygen Anaerobic respiration = Lactic acid buildup Post-exercise heart rate = Continues to be elevated for a while</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the semilunar valve in the pulmonary artery?

    <p>Prevents blood from flowing back into the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The left atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood returns to the left atrium from the lungs?

    <p>Oxygen-rich blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the ______.

    <p>vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the heart with their functions:

    <p>Right atrium = Receives deoxygenated blood from the body Left ventricle = Pushes oxygen-rich blood to the body Tricuspid valve = Controls blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle Aorta = Distributes oxygen-rich blood throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is heart rate measured in?

    <p>Beats per minute (bpm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart rate remains unchanged during physical activity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment can be used to monitor heart activity?

    <p>ECG, stethoscope, or pulse measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, heart rate __________ and it may take several minutes to return to normal.

    <p>increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When measuring the effects of exercise on heart rate, which of the following should be consistent?

    <p>Time over which heart rate is measured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can breathing rate be measured?

    <p>By counting the number of breaths per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the measurement with its corresponding activity:

    <p>Pulse rate = Heart activity Breathing rate = Respiratory activity ECG = Electrical activity of the heart Stethoscope = Listening to heart sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals should fully recover before performing new activities during testing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the thick muscular walls in arteries?

    <p>To withstand high pressure and maintain blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Veins have a narrow lumen to help maintain high blood pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the narrow vessels that connect arteries to capillaries called?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The walls of capillaries are ____ thick, allowing for easy diffusion of substances.

    <p>one cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of blood vessel with its characteristic:

    <p>Arteries = Thick muscular walls and narrow lumen Veins = Large lumen with valves Capillaries = Walls that are one cell thick Arterioles = Connect arteries to capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the septum in the heart?

    <p>To separate the two sides of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do capillaries have 'leaky' walls?

    <p>To form tissue fluid surrounding cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Valves in veins are responsible for maintaining high blood pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The right side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of valves in veins?

    <p>To prevent backflow of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart is supplied with blood by the __________ arteries.

    <p>coronary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes double circulation in mammals?

    <p>Blood goes from the heart to the lungs and then to the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the heart with their functions:

    <p>Right Atrium = Receives deoxygenated blood from the body Left Atrium = Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs Right Ventricle = Pumps blood to the lungs Left Ventricle = Pumps blood to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Capillaries in the lungs allow blood to maintain high pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the necessity of returning blood to the heart after it passes through the lungs?

    <p>To increase blood pressure before it is sent to the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Circulatory System

    • The circulatory system is an organ system responsible for transporting blood throughout the body.
    • Components of the circulatory system include blood vessels and a pump.
    • Valves ensure one-way blood flow.

    Circulatory Systems of Fish and Mammals

    • Fish have a two-chambered heart with a single circulation.
    • Blood passes through the heart only once per circuit of the body.
    • Mammals have a four-chambered heart with a double circulation.
    • Blood passes through the heart twice per circuit of the body.

    The Mammalian Heart

    • The heart is positioned in the chest cavity.
    • The right side receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.
    • The left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body.
    • Blood travels toward the heart in veins and away from the heart in arteries.
    • The two sides of the heart are separated by the septum.
    • The heart muscle is supplied with blood by coronary arteries.

    Monitoring Activity of the Heart

    • Heart activity can be monitored using an electrocardiogram (ECG), measuring pulse rate, or listening to valve sounds with a stethoscope.
    • Heart rate is measured in beats per minute (bpm).
    • To investigate the effects of exercise on heart rate, record the resting pulse rate, and then record the pulse rate every minute for a while after exercise, until the rate returns to resting levels.
    • Exercise will increase heart rate, and it may take a while for the rate to return to resting levels.
    • Consistency is important for the measurement of breathing rate and pulse rate.

    Investigating Effect of Physical Activity on Heart Rate

    • Investigating the effects of exercise on the body can be performed in the classroom.
    • Breathing rate can be measured by counting breaths per minute, and heart rate by taking a pulse.
    • It's important to keep the measurement time consistent, and ensure adequate recovery before testing another activity.
    • Physical activity increases both heart rate and breathing rate.
    • Heart rate will remain elevated for a time after exercise before returning gradually to resting levels.

    Coronary Heart Disease

    • The heart is made of cardiac muscle tissue which needs its own blood supply.
    • The coronary arteries deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cardiac muscle, and remove waste products.
    • If coronary arteries become blocked by fatty deposits (plaques, mostly from cholesterol), blood flow can be restricted, causing health issues.

    Identifying Structures in the Heart

    • Ventricles have thicker walls than atria because they pump blood at higher pressure.
    • The left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle since it pumps blood throughout the body.
    • The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
    • The septum separates the two sides of the heart and prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

    The Function of Valves

    • The function of all heart valves is to prevent blood flowing backwards.
    • There are two sets of valves in the heart: atrioventricular and semilunar valves.
    • Atrioventricular valves are located between the atria and ventricles (tricuspid on the right and bicuspid on the left).
    • Semilunar valves are located at the exit of the ventricles (pulmonary and aortic valves).

    Functioning of the Heart

    • Deoxygenated blood from the body flows to the right atrium via the vena cava.
    • Blood is pushed through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle, where it is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
    • Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein, entering the left atrium.
    • The bicuspid valve allows blood into the left ventricle.
    • From the left ventricle, blood is pumped through the aorta and circulated throughout the body.

    Explaining the Effect of Physical Activity on Heart Rate

    • Muscles need more oxygen during exercise, and heart rate increases to meet this demand.
    • This rate maintains the increase to ensure the removal of extra waste products during, and after exercise.
    • Following exercise, the heart continues to beat faster for a while to ensure enough oxygen is delivered to muscle cells to dispose of extra lactic acid.

    Blood Vessels

    • The blood vessels are a system of closed tubes which carry blood.
    • Types of blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries.
    • Arteries carry blood away from the heart at high pressure with thick walls and small lumens.
    • Veins carry blood back to the heart at low pressure, with thinner walls and wider lumens.
    • Valves prevent backward blood flow in veins.
    • Capillaries have thin walls, allowing gas exchange in the tissues with the blood.

    Blood Vessels & the Liver

    • The hepatic artery carries oxygenated blood to the liver.
    • The hepatic vein carries deoxygenated blood from the liver to the heart.
    • The hepatic portal vein carries deoxygenated blood, from the gut to the liver.

    Components of Blood

    • Blood is composed of red blood cells (55%), white blood cells, platelets, and plasma (45%).

    Components of Blood: Function

    • Plasma transports nutrients, waste products, and other substances throughout the body.
    • Red blood cells carry oxygen.
    • White blood cells defend the body against infection.
    • Platelets are involved in blood clotting.

    Blood Clotting

    • Platelets are fragments of cells that are involved in blood clotting.
    • Blood clotting prevents excessive blood loss from wounds, and scabs form to seal the wound.

    White Blood Cells

    • White blood cells are part of the immune system, defending the body against infection.
    • Phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens (bacteria).
    • Lymphocytes produce antibodies and antitoxins to destroy pathogens.

    Conversion of Fibrinogen

    • Platelets release chemicals, triggering a cascade of processes that turn fibrinogen into fibrin
    • Fibrin forms a mesh, trapping red blood cells to form a blood clot.
    • The blood clot dries and forms a scab, protecting and sealing the wound.

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