Circulatory System II Quiz

Study Notes

Venules have the lowest pressure.
The aorta emerges from the left ventricle.
It moves upward, then curves downward.
Parts of the aorta are:
- Ascending aorta
- Aortic arch
- Descending aorta
The descending aorta is divided into thoracic and abdominal sections, and the location depends on the region.
The aortic arch curves to the left, like an inverted U, superior to the heart.
It gives off three major arteries in the order:
- Brachiocephalic trunk
- Left common carotid artery
- Left subclavian artery

The aorta is the largest artery, originating from the heart.
It carries oxygenated blood to the body.
The aorta branches into smaller arteries, supplying blood to different body parts.
All systemic arteries are direct or indirect branches of the aorta. -The highest level of the aorta is located near the heart, with the longest portion of the aorta extending to areas of the body.

The brachiocephalic trunk branches to the right common carotid and right subclavian artery; the left common and left subclavian arteries are separate branches.
The subclavian artery becomes the axillary, then the brachial, and continues as ulnar and radial arteries.
The brachial artery terminates by branching into the ulnar and radial arteries.
Coronary arteries originate from the ascending aorta.

The aorta terminates by giving two terminal branches at the level of the L4 vertebra in the abdomen, the bifurcation of the aorta.
The bifurcation is where the aorta divides into the right and left common iliac arteries.

Superficial veins are closer to the skin. Deep veins are closer to muscles.
The radial and ulnar veins unite to form the brachial vein.
The brachial vein becomes the axillary vein.
The axillary vein turns into the subclavian vein after passing under the clavicle.
The superficial veins of the upper limb are generally named the same as the arteries.

The superficial veins of the lower limb are the great saphenous and small saphenous veins.
The great saphenous vein opens into the femoral vein and the small saphenous vein empties into the popliteal vein.
Deep veins: the anterior and posterior tibial veins and the fibular veins.
These veins empty into the popliteal vein, which becomes the femoral vein in the thigh region.

Different angles of insertion are used for various injection types, with 90° for intramuscular, 45° for subcutaneous, 25° for intravenous, and 10-15° for intradermal.
A tourniquet and clean puncture site are necessary for IV procedures.