17 Questions
What are the two stages of carcinogenicity in the multistage process that can lead to cancer?
Initiation and promotion
Which chronic toxic effect is commonly observed in coal miners?
Pulmonary fibrosis
What distinguishes benign tumors from malignant tumors?
Malignant tumors metastasize to distant sites.
Which term is used to describe cumulative damage to specific organ systems over many months or years?
Chronic toxicity
What process involves a normal cell undergoing irreversible changes due to mutation of cellular genes?
Initiation
Which disease is commonly observed in long-term cigarette smokers as a chronic toxic effect?
Chronic bronchitis
Which type of toxicity results from repeated exposure for several weeks or months?
Chronic Toxicity
What is the term used to describe toxic effects occurring at multiple sites?
Systemic Toxicity
Which type of toxicity occurs almost immediately after exposure?
Acute Toxicity
What is the term for the toxic effect that occurs at only one specific site?
Specific Target Organ Toxicity
In the context of toxic effects, which type is characterized by repeated exposure over several weeks or months?
Subchronic Toxicity
Which type of toxicity can lead to internal bleeding when ingesting certain medications over several weeks?
Chronic Toxicity
What term is used to describe the toxic effect that occurs at only one or two organs?
Localized toxicity
In pharmacologic and toxicologic interactions, what type of effect occurs when the combined effect of two chemicals is equal to the sum of the effects of each agent given alone?
Additive effect
Which term is used to describe cumulative damage to specific organ systems over many months or years?
Chronic toxicity
What distinguishes benign tumors from malignant tumors in terms of carcinogenicity?
Metastasis potential
Which clinical disease is commonly observed as a chronic toxic effect in coal miners?
Black lung disease
Test your knowledge on chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity, which represent cumulative damage to specific organ systems over time. Learn about chronic toxic effects like cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary fibrosis. Explore the difference between subchronic and chronic carcinogenicity.
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