Chronic Kidney Disease Overview
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Chronic Kidney Disease Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary consequence of high blood glucose levels in diabetic nephropathy?

  • Increased GFR
  • Back pressure and fibrosis (correct)
  • Increased tubular cell function
  • Reduced nephron count
  • Polycystic Kidney Disease results from a gene defect that causes cyst formation in the nephrons.

    True

    What medication type is commonly used to manage blood pressure in chronic kidney disease patients?

    ACE Inhibitor

    The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is activated during __________.

    <p>hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following kidney diseases with their characteristics:

    <p>Diabetic nephropathy = Damage to efferent arterioles leading to fibrosis Glomerulonephritis = Inflammatory destruction of glomerular membrane Polycystic Kidney Disease = Cysts compressing neighbouring nephrons Hypertensive nephropathy = Thickening of afferent arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is primarily reduced by thickening of the afferent arterioles in hypertension?

    <p>Blood flow to glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glomerulosclerosis results from inflammation and scarring of the glomeruli.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nephrotoxic medications?

    <p>Medications that can cause damage to the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic Kidney Disease can lead to __________, which is a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate.

    <p>glomerulosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological process is primarily affected by the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System?

    <p>Fluid balance and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main consequences of diabetic nephropathy?

    <p>Arteriolosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypertension can cause changes in the afferent arterioles that lead to increased blood flow to the glomerulus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of RAAS activation on blood pressure?

    <p>It elevates blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chronic kidney disease, reduced GFR can lead to __________ of the kidneys.

    <p>fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the kidney diseases with their primary characteristics:

    <p>Diabetic nephropathy = Affecting efferent arterioles and leading to fibrosis Glomerulonephritis = Inflammatory destruction of the glomerular membrane Polycystic Kidney Disease = Cysts compressing nephrons reducing blood flow Hypertension = Thickening the afferent arteriole walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of reduced blood flow to tubular cells in PCKD?

    <p>Decreased secretion of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ACE inhibitors are often used to manage chronic kidney disease because they lower blood pressure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a common nephrotoxic medication.

    <p>Aminoglycoside antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which acute kidney stress can become chronic is often termed __________.

    <p>glomerulosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential result of thickening of the afferent arteriole walls due to hypertension?

    <p>Reduced glomerular filtration rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chronic Kidney Disease

    • Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): A condition where the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter waste products from the blood effectively
    • Causes:
      • Diabetic nephropathy: High blood glucose levels damage blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to scarring
      • Hypertension: High blood pressure thickens the walls of blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing blood flow
      • Glomerular diseases: Inflammation or damage to the tiny filters in the kidneys
      • Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCKD): A genetic disorder causing cysts to form in the kidneys, compressing surrounding tissue
    • Effects:
      • Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): The rate at which kidneys filter blood decreases, leading to a buildup of waste products
      • Fluid and electrolyte imbalances: The kidneys struggle to regulate salt, minerals, and water balance, contributing to edema and electrolyte imbalances
    • Management:
      • Blood pressure control: Medications like ACE inhibitors and ARBs are used to lower blood pressure and protect the kidneys
      • Blood glucose control: Tight blood glucose control is crucial for people with diabetes
      • Nephrotoxic medication awareness: Avoiding or minimizing the use of medications that can damage the kidneys

    Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

    • RAAS: A complex hormonal system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance
    • Mechanism:
      1. Renin release: When blood pressure drops, the kidneys release renin
      2. Angiotensin I conversion: Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
      3. Angiotensin II formation: Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
      4. Aldosterone release: Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal glands to release aldosterone
      5. Blood pressure increase: Aldosterone increases sodium retention and water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased blood volume and blood pressure
    • RAAS effect on CKD:
      • Exacerbates CKD progression: The RAAS actively contributes to blood vessel narrowing and kidney damage in CKD
      • ACE inhibitors: ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing blood pressure and protecting the kidneys in CKD
    • Overall, targeting RAAS is a vital aspect of CKD management by reducing blood pressure, preventing further kidney damage, and slowing down disease progression.

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    Description

    This quiz covers Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), exploring its causes, effects, and management. Understand the impact of diabetes, hypertension, and glomerular diseases on kidney function. Get insights into the importance of controlling blood pressure and maintaining kidney health.

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