Renal Disease

Renal Function

• Maintaining normal body fluid volume and composition is essential for kidney function.
• The kidneys excrete waste products and drugs.
• There are treatments available for some formerly fatal kidney diseases, and the number of kidney transplant patients is increasing.

Causes of Loss of Renal Function

• Renal Disease: Includes conditions such as renal tract infections, glomerulonephritis, hypertension, diabetes, congenital abnormalities.
• Renal Hypofunction: This can be caused by severe shock or hemorrhage.
• Blockage of Renal Outflow: Can occur due to kidney stones or prostate tumors.

Chronic Kidney Disease

• Progressive and irreversible kidney damage leads to chronic kidney disease.
• Initially, there are no symptoms.
• The disease affects most body systems.

Impacts of Chronic Kidney Disease

• Metabolic: Increased thirst, urination at night, glucose in urine, electrolyte disturbances.
• Cardiovascular: Hypertension and atheroma.
• Gastrointestinal: Loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea and vomiting, peptic ulcers, hiccups.
• Neuromuscular: Headaches, drowsiness, tremors.
• Hematological: Bleeding due to platelet dysfunction or anticoagulant medication, anemia caused by erythropoietin deficiency.
• Other: Bruises, rashes, increased susceptibility to infections.

Dental Relevance

• The text mentions that dental management is relevant for patients with kidney disease.
• However, it does not provide specific details regarding this management.