Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary role of renal function in the body?
What is a primary role of renal function in the body?
- Regulating metabolism of carbohydrates
- Facilitating digestion of proteins
- Maintaining normal body fluid volume and composition (correct)
- Producing hormones for growth
Which of the following is NOT a cause of loss of renal function?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of loss of renal function?
- Asthma (correct)
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Renal tract infections
Which symptom is commonly associated with kidney disease?
Which symptom is commonly associated with kidney disease?
- Severe headaches
- Unexplained weight gain
- Increased appetite
- Frequent urination (correct)
What is a general management strategy for patients with kidney disease?
What is a general management strategy for patients with kidney disease?
Which of the following is a dental relevance of renal disease?
Which of the following is a dental relevance of renal disease?
What is a common initial symptom of chronic kidney disease?
What is a common initial symptom of chronic kidney disease?
Which of the following gastrointestinal effects can result from chronic kidney disease?
Which of the following gastrointestinal effects can result from chronic kidney disease?
What effect does chronic kidney disease have on hematological health?
What effect does chronic kidney disease have on hematological health?
Which of the following best describes a potential cardiovascular effect of chronic kidney disease?
Which of the following best describes a potential cardiovascular effect of chronic kidney disease?
Which of the following options is NOT a potential effect of chronic kidney disease?
Which of the following options is NOT a potential effect of chronic kidney disease?
Which of the following is a sign of kidney disease associated with water retention?
Which of the following is a sign of kidney disease associated with water retention?
What percentage of patients on haemodialysis survive at least 5 years?
What percentage of patients on haemodialysis survive at least 5 years?
What is a commonly prescribed medication approach for patients after a renal transplantation?
What is a commonly prescribed medication approach for patients after a renal transplantation?
Which of the following signs is NOT typically associated with kidney disease?
Which of the following signs is NOT typically associated with kidney disease?
Patients who have undergone renal transplantation are susceptible to which type of health issue?
Patients who have undergone renal transplantation are susceptible to which type of health issue?
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Study Notes
Renal Function
- Renal function is essential for maintaining normal body fluid volume and composition, excretion of waste products and drugs.
Causes of Loss of Renal Function
- Renal Disease:
- Glomerulonephritis
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Congenital abnormalities
- Renal tract infections
- Renal Hypofunction
- Severe shock or hemorrhage
- Blockage of Renal Outflow
- Kidney stones
- Prostate tumours
Effects on the Body
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (aka chronic renal failure):
- Progressive and irreversible kidney damage, impacting most body systems
- Results in decreased function of all kidney functions
- No symptoms initially
Potential Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Metabolic Effects
- Thirst
- Urination at night
- Glucose in urine
- Electrolyte disturbances
Cardiovascular Effects
- Hypertension
- Atheroma
Gastrointestinal Effects
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Nausea and vomiting
- Peptic ulcer
- Hiccups
Neuromuscular Effects
- Headaches
- Drowsiness
- Tremors
Haematological Effects
- Bleeding due to platelet dysfunction and/or anticoagulant medication
- Anemia due to deficiency of erythropoietin
Other Effects
- Bruises
- Rashes
- Increased proneness to infection
Signs & Symptoms of Kidney Disease
- Weight loss and poor appetite
- Swollen ankles, feet or hands
- Shortness of breath (dyspnoea)
- Increased need to urinate (especially at night)
- Insomnia
- Itchy skin
- Blood in urine (haematuria)
General Management
- Dialysis can give normal life to up to 20% of patients but cannot prevent all complications.
- Over 70% of patients on haemodialysis survive at least 5 years.
- Renal transplant may become necessary.
Kidney Dialysis
- A treatment option for kidney failure.
Renal transplantations
- Common treatment option with 90% graft survival at one year.
- Patients require immunosuppression after transplant.
Post Transplantation
- Patients may still experience problems associated with renal failure.
- Vulnerable to infection due to immunosuppression.
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