Chromosomal Abnormalities and Cell Cycle Malfunctions Quiz

What is the recommended action for women of reproductive age to reduce their potential risk of chromosomal abnormalities?

Consume a multivitamin with folic acid before becoming pregnant (correct)
Undergo genetic counseling before pregnancy
Avoid exposure to X-rays and microwave ovens
Consume a diet rich in B vitamins

What is the potential risk associated with men over the age of 45 in relation to their children?

Higher likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities in their offspring
Elevated chance of genetic counseling for their children
Increased risk of polyploidy or disjunction in their offspring (correct)
Possible risk of X-ray exposure to their children

Why may women be advised to take a multivitamin with folic acid before becoming pregnant?

To increase the number of chromosomes in the eggs
To enhance the production of sperm in men
To prevent the aging of eggs in the ovaries
To reduce the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus (correct)

What is the role of environmental factors in the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities in babies?

There is no specific environmental reason for babies to be born with chromosomal abnormalities (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of meiosis in terms of the number of chromosomes passed on to the pregnancy?

23 chromosomes from each parent (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by an extra chromosome, resulting in 47 chromosomes instead of 46?

Down Syndrome (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition where cells within a person have different genetic makeup?

Mosaicism (C) Signup and view all the answers

What may result if meiosis does not occur properly?

Egg or sperm with too many chromosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which process causes the duplication followed by a halving of chromosome material in the cell?

Mitosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a birth defect characterized by having only one copy of a particular chromosome?

Monosomy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

Form a lipid bilayer to allow selective diffusion (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is cholesterol important in animal cell membranes?

It keeps cell membranes from becoming stiff by preventing phospholipids from being too closely packed together (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of structural proteins in the cell membrane?

Give the cell support and shape (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the amphipathic nature of phospholipids due to?

Their hydrophilic head areas spontaneously arranging to face aqueous cytosol and extracellular fluid (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the lipid bilayer in the cell membrane allow?

Selective diffusion of certain molecules (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the cell membrane to be semi-permeable?

To help maintain a stable internal environment for the cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

Regulating the entry and exit of the cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the plasma membrane?

Two layers of phospholipids and embedded proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

Serving as receptors and antigens for cell recognition (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of barrier does the plasma membrane form?

Selective barrier regulating the entry and exit of substances (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the plasma membrane known as?

Amphipathic fluid mosaic (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do glycolipids in the plasma membrane contain?

Short chains of carbohydrates attached on the extracellular side (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do transport proteins assist in cell function?

By transporting molecules across the cell membrane (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of receptor proteins in cells?

Communicating with the external environment through hormones (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'amphipathic' in relation to the plasma membrane?

Containing both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main roles of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

Aiding in cell recognition and acting as receptors (C) Signup and view all the answers