15 Questions
What is responsible for the division of preexisting cells in prokaryotic cells?
Binary fission
Which process is responsible for the division of the cytoplasm into two distinct daughter cells?
Cytokinesis
What is responsible for producing exact copies of genetic information in eukaryotic cells?
Mitosis
Which type of cell replication is responsible for growth, wound repair, and reproduction in eukaryotes?
Mitotic cell division
In eukaryotic cells, what are responsible for one of the fundamental attributes of life, namely reproduction?
Mitotic and meiotic cell divisions
What is the duration of the cell cycle in E. coli?
20 minutes
What is the fundamental difference between meiosis and mitosis?
Meiosis leads to the production of gametes, while mitosis leads to the production of somatic cells
What happens after chromosomes replicate in eukaryotic nuclei?
The two identical copies are attached to each other along their entire length
What is a chromosome composed of in eukaryotic cells?
A single, long DNA double helix wrapped around proteins
What is the basic unit of the eukaryotic chromosome characterized as?
A gigantic, linear, double-stranded DNA molecule complexed with proteins forming chromatin
Which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle involves DNA replication?
Synthesis (S) phase
What does the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle ensure?
Everything is ready for DNA synthesis
What does the G0 phase of the cell cycle entail?
A temporary testing period where a cell will exit the cycle and quit dividing
What is visible by light microscopy during interphase in terms of changes in the nucleus?
No dramatic changes are visible
What are the outcomes of meiosis and mitosis respectively?
Meiosis: Production of gametes; Mitosis: Production of somatic cells
Study Notes
- Eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis and meiosis for cell division, accompanied by cytokinesis.
- Mitosis produces somatic cells with identical genetic material, while meiosis leads to the creation of gametes with half the genetic material.
- Chromosomes are long, double-stranded DNA molecules wrapped around histones and form chromatin.
- After chromosome replication, chromatids are attached to each other by cohesins.
- The eukaryotic cell cycle includes interphase (G1, S, and G2), mitosis (nuclear division), and cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division).
- Interphase consists of G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (cell preparation), and G0 (cell exit from the cycle).
- The G1 checkpoint ensures the cell is prepared for DNA synthesis during S phase.
- Mitosis results in the formation of two identical daughter nuclei, while meiosis results in the production of four haploid daughter cells.
- Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm to create separate daughter cells.
- Eukaryotic cells have different cell cycle durations, with mitosis taking approximately 2-4 hours and interphase taking 6-10 hours for some cells.
- Prokaryotic cells divide via binary fission.
- Each phase of the cell cycle plays a vital role in the overall process of cell replication and growth.
Test your understanding of the cell cycle, chromosome structure, mitosis, meiosis, and the control mechanisms involved in cell division.
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