Chordates and Their Distinctions
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes the circulatory system of amphibians from that of reptiles?

  • Reptiles have a closed circulatory system while amphibians have an open circulatory system
  • Reptiles have a three-chambered heart while amphibians have a four-chambered heart
  • Amphibians have a three-chambered heart while reptiles have a four-chambered heart (correct)
  • Amphibians have a closed circulatory system while reptiles have an open circulatory system

    • Which characteristic uniquely separates chordates from all other animals?

  • Blastopore, which becomes the anus
  • Post-anal tail (correct)
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • True coelom

    • Which of these characteristics are common to all chordates during at least a portion of their development?

  • A and B only (correct)
  • A dorsal nerve cord
  • Post-anal tail
  • Pharyngeal clefts

    • Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have initially functioned as what?

    <p>Suspension feeding devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which extant chordates are believed to be most similar in appearance to the earliest chordates?

    <p>Lancelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is likely to be present in a newly discovered aquatic chordate that resembles an ancient form but has external armor and suspension feeding?

    <p>No jaws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do lampreys differ from hagfishes?

    <p>Having a cranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The feeding mode of the extinct conodonts was primarily?

    <p>Suspension feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group may have lungs, gills, and use skin for respiration?

    <p>Amphibians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the most abundant and diverse of the extant vertebrates?

    <p>Ray-finned fishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about human evolution is correct?

    <p>Fossil evidence indicates early anthropoids were arboreal and cat-sized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humans and apes are classified in the same category at all levels except which?

    <p>Genus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With which statement would a biologist most likely agree?

    <p>Humans and apes represent divergent lines of evolution from a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about human evolution is accurate?

    <p>Different species of the genus Homo have coexisted at various times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylogenetic group encompasses all others in the list?

    <p>Bilateria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms is considered radially symmetrical?

    <p>A donut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation allows reptiles to successfully live in dry environments?

    <p>Their scales contain the protein keratin, which helps prevent dehydration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not classified as an anamniote?

    <p>Nonbird reptiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the amniotic egg considered a significant evolutionary advancement?

    <p>It allows incubation of eggs in a terrestrial environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of animals is directly descended from dinosaurs?

    <p>Birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of appearance for these chordate structures?

    <p>Jaws, paired fins, swim bladder, amniotic egg, four-chambered heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group among extant vertebrates possesses a muscle sheet called the diaphragm?

    <p>Mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is unique to mammals?

    <p>Having glands to produce nourishing milk for offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a paleontologist differentiate between a fossil of a reptile and that of a mammal?

    <p>Look for the mammalian characteristics of a four-chambered heart and a diaphragm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notable feature is characteristic of chondrichthyans?

    <p>A mostly cartilaginous endoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups possesses both lungs and gills during their adult lives?

    <p>Lungfishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary trait is first observed in the earliest tetrapods?

    <p>Feet with digits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of ray-finned fishes?

    <p>A bony endoskeleton and operculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To which group do the scales of chondrichthyans bear the closest structural relation?

    <p>Reptilian scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a similarity between sharks and ray-finned fishes?

    <p>Both have a lateral line system sensitive to changes in water pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely the origin of the swim bladder in ray-finned fishes?

    <p>Modification from the simple lungs of freshwater fishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which taxonomic term represents the most inclusive category in the following list: Jobelins, amphibians, gnathostomes, osteichthyans, tetrapods?

    <p>Gnathostomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a pseudocoelomate animal's body cavity?

    <p>Bounded partly by ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protostome animals, what does the blastopore develop into?

    <p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is the Eodysoros taxon named for?

    <p>Horseshoe-shaped crown of ciliated tentacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of sharks and rays?

    <p>Skeletons made of cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group possesses a water vascular system?

    <p>Echinoderms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation allowed vertebrates to successfully colonize land?

    <p>Amniotic egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a defining trait of all chordates?

    <p>Dorsal, hollow nerve cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the digestive systems of herbivores from carnivores?

    <p>Herbivores have longer intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is unique to sponges compared to other animals?

    <p>They lack true tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of vertebrates is characterized by having prominent eyes and numerous muscles?

    <p>Gnathostomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mammals are categorized into three major groups based on their:

    <p>Method of reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What innovation allowed vertebrates to reproduce away from water and thrive in terrestrial environments?

    <p>Amniotic egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following classifications does not apply equally to both dogs and humans?

    <p>Order Primates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism is indicated by having moist skin, a complete digestive tract, and a ventral nerve cord?

    <p>Mollusk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines insects that is not shared with other arthropods?

    <p>Wings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mammals share the characteristic of laying eggs?

    <p>Monotremes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Amphibians vs Reptiles Circulatory System

    • Amphibians have a three-chambered heart
    • Reptiles have a four-chambered heart

    Chordates vs Other Animals

    • Chordates have a true coelom
    • Chordates have a post-anal tail

    Chordate Characteristics

    • All chordates have a dorsal nerve cord
    • All chordates have pharyngeal clefts
    • Some chordates have post-anal tails

    Chordate Pharyngeal Silts

    • Originally a part of the digestive system
    • Later evolved into suspension feeding devices
    • Or gill slits for respiration (in some)

    Early Chordate Appearance

    • Lancelets are similar to early chordates

    Aquatic Chordate Characteristics

    • External bone plates
    • No paired lateral fins
    • Suspension feeding mode of nutrition

    Feeding Mode of Conodonts

    • Predation

    Vertebrate Structures and Functions

    • Earliest mineralized structures in vertebrates were for feeding
    • Development of feet with digits
    • Development of bony vertebrae

    Amniotic Egg Advantages

    • Allows incubation of eggs in a terrestrial environment
    • Prolongs embryonic development
    • Provides insulation to conserve heat

    Extant Animals Descending From Dinosaurs

    • Birds

    Chordate Evolutionary Sequence

    • The order of development is Pair fins, Jaws, Amniotic egg, Swim bladder, and Four - chambered heart

    Vertebrate and Mammal Classification

    • Primates, similar to humans, are in the same classification category

    Characteristic of All Mammals

    • Four-chambered heart preventing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
    • Producing nourishing milk for their offspring
    • Giving birth to live offspring

    Difference in Digestive Systems

    • Herbivores have longer intestines to digest plant matter
    • Carnivores have shorter intestines to quickly digest meat

    Insect Body Regions

    • Head, thorax, and abdomen

    Sponge Cell Function

    • Flagellated cells called choanocytes line the spongocoel in sponges

    Animal Symmetry

    • Bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic animals include roundworms

    Vertebrate Chordate Groups

    • Vertebrates include animals with notochords in the embryonic stage

    Defining Tetrapods

    • Tetrapods are distinguished by feet with digits.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the unique features of the chordate phylum, comparing the circulatory systems of amphibians and reptiles, and examining characteristics that define chordates. Test your knowledge on the evolutionary traits, respiration methods, and similarities with early chordates. Dive into the world of vertebrates and their development over time.

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