Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of cholinergic agents like pilocarpine in the treatment of glaucoma?
What is the primary action of cholinergic agents like pilocarpine in the treatment of glaucoma?
- Decrease intraocular pressure by constricting the pupil (correct)
- Cause systemic hypertension
- Dilate the pupil to enhance fluid absorption
- Increase production of aqueous humor
Which of the following is a consideration when using beta blockers for glaucoma?
Which of the following is a consideration when using beta blockers for glaucoma?
- They do not affect heart rate or blood pressure.
- They may cause bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma. (correct)
- They should be the first choice for all glaucoma patients.
- They are safe for all diabetic patients without restrictions.
What side effect may occur with the use of prostaglandin analogs over a long period?
What side effect may occur with the use of prostaglandin analogs over a long period?
- Severe allergic reactions
- Increased pupil dilation
- Temporary blindness
- Iris color change to darker shades (correct)
Which drug class is considered first-line therapy for reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma?
Which drug class is considered first-line therapy for reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma?
What is a key nursing action prior to administering carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
What is a key nursing action prior to administering carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
What are common activities to avoid after glaucoma surgery to prevent increased intraocular pressure (IOP)?
What are common activities to avoid after glaucoma surgery to prevent increased intraocular pressure (IOP)?
How often should individuals aged 40 to 54 have glaucoma checks to screen for potential issues?
How often should individuals aged 40 to 54 have glaucoma checks to screen for potential issues?
Which symptom should be reported immediately by a patient after glaucoma surgery?
Which symptom should be reported immediately by a patient after glaucoma surgery?
What action should be taken if a patient experiences pain accompanied by nausea or vomiting after glaucoma surgery?
What action should be taken if a patient experiences pain accompanied by nausea or vomiting after glaucoma surgery?
What is a potential consequence of untreated glaucoma?
What is a potential consequence of untreated glaucoma?
Flashcards
Miotics
Miotics
Medications that constrict the pupil.
IOP reduction - Beta-blockers
IOP reduction - Beta-blockers
Lower intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Reduce intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production.
Prostaglandin analogs
Prostaglandin analogs
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IV Mannitol
IV Mannitol
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Glaucoma Surgery
Glaucoma Surgery
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Post-Surgery Instructions
Post-Surgery Instructions
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Post-Surgery: Report These
Post-Surgery: Report These
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Glaucoma: Prevent Blindness
Glaucoma: Prevent Blindness
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Glaucoma Check Frequency
Glaucoma Check Frequency
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Study Notes
Cholinergic Agents
- Miotics: constrict pupils, improve aqueous humor outflow.
- Examples: carbachol, echothiophate, pilocarpine.
- Side effect: blurred vision.
- Pilocarpine: second-line treatment for open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
- Client education: use good lighting to prevent falls.
Adrenergic Agonists
- Reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) by decreasing aqueous humor production, dilate pupils to enhance fluid flow.
- Examples: apraclonidine, brimonidine tartrate, dipivefrin hydrochloride.
- Client education: wear sunglasses due to pupil dilation.
Beta Blockers
- First-line treatment for glaucoma.
- Decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor production.
- Systemic absorption possible, causing bronchoconstriction and hypoglycemia.
- Use cautiously in asthma/COPD/diabetes patients.
- May potentiate systemic effects of oral beta-blockers, leading to bradycardia and hypotension.
- Example: timolol.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
- Decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor production.
- Sulfa-based medications.
- Nursing action: ask about sulfa allergies.
- Examples: acetazolamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide.
Prostaglandin Analogs
- Increase uveoscleral outflow by dilating blood vessels in trabecular meshwork.
- Examples: bimatoprost, latanoprost.
- Client education: check for corneal abrasions before administration; long-term use may darken iris color.
Systemic Osmotics
- IV mannitol: osmotic diuretic for emergency treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma.
- Quickly reduces IOP.
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Description
This quiz covers the pharmacology of cholinergic and adrenergic agents used in the treatment of glaucoma. It includes their mechanisms, examples, side effects, and important client education points. Test your knowledge on beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as well.
