Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of cholinergic agents like pilocarpine in the treatment of glaucoma?
What is the primary action of cholinergic agents like pilocarpine in the treatment of glaucoma?
Which of the following is a consideration when using beta blockers for glaucoma?
Which of the following is a consideration when using beta blockers for glaucoma?
What side effect may occur with the use of prostaglandin analogs over a long period?
What side effect may occur with the use of prostaglandin analogs over a long period?
Which drug class is considered first-line therapy for reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma?
Which drug class is considered first-line therapy for reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma?
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What is a key nursing action prior to administering carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
What is a key nursing action prior to administering carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
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What are common activities to avoid after glaucoma surgery to prevent increased intraocular pressure (IOP)?
What are common activities to avoid after glaucoma surgery to prevent increased intraocular pressure (IOP)?
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How often should individuals aged 40 to 54 have glaucoma checks to screen for potential issues?
How often should individuals aged 40 to 54 have glaucoma checks to screen for potential issues?
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Which symptom should be reported immediately by a patient after glaucoma surgery?
Which symptom should be reported immediately by a patient after glaucoma surgery?
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What action should be taken if a patient experiences pain accompanied by nausea or vomiting after glaucoma surgery?
What action should be taken if a patient experiences pain accompanied by nausea or vomiting after glaucoma surgery?
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What is a potential consequence of untreated glaucoma?
What is a potential consequence of untreated glaucoma?
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Study Notes
Cholinergic Agents
- Miotics: constrict pupils, improve aqueous humor outflow.
- Examples: carbachol, echothiophate, pilocarpine.
- Side effect: blurred vision.
- Pilocarpine: second-line treatment for open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
- Client education: use good lighting to prevent falls.
Adrenergic Agonists
- Reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) by decreasing aqueous humor production, dilate pupils to enhance fluid flow.
- Examples: apraclonidine, brimonidine tartrate, dipivefrin hydrochloride.
- Client education: wear sunglasses due to pupil dilation.
Beta Blockers
- First-line treatment for glaucoma.
- Decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor production.
- Systemic absorption possible, causing bronchoconstriction and hypoglycemia.
- Use cautiously in asthma/COPD/diabetes patients.
- May potentiate systemic effects of oral beta-blockers, leading to bradycardia and hypotension.
- Example: timolol.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
- Decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor production.
- Sulfa-based medications.
- Nursing action: ask about sulfa allergies.
- Examples: acetazolamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide.
Prostaglandin Analogs
- Increase uveoscleral outflow by dilating blood vessels in trabecular meshwork.
- Examples: bimatoprost, latanoprost.
- Client education: check for corneal abrasions before administration; long-term use may darken iris color.
Systemic Osmotics
- IV mannitol: osmotic diuretic for emergency treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma.
- Quickly reduces IOP.
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Description
This quiz covers the pharmacology of cholinergic and adrenergic agents used in the treatment of glaucoma. It includes their mechanisms, examples, side effects, and important client education points. Test your knowledge on beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as well.
