Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of mydriatic drugs?
What is the primary function of mydriatic drugs?
- To inhibit accommodation and focusing
- To constrict the pupil
- To dilate the pupil while permitting focus (correct)
- To provide anesthesia during surgery
Which of the following drugs is classified as an anticholinergic that inhibits focusing?
Which of the following drugs is classified as an anticholinergic that inhibits focusing?
- Carbachol
- Atropine (correct)
- Phenylephrine
- Pilocarpine
What effect does Carbachol have when used in the treatment of glaucoma?
What effect does Carbachol have when used in the treatment of glaucoma?
- It provides analgesia
- It dilates the pupil
- It constricts the pupil (correct)
- It flattens the cornea
Which mydriatic drug also serves to facilitate the removal of lenses during surgeries?
Which mydriatic drug also serves to facilitate the removal of lenses during surgeries?
Which of the following drugs is a type of injectable anesthetic used for deeper tissue anesthesia?
Which of the following drugs is a type of injectable anesthetic used for deeper tissue anesthesia?
What unique property does Tetracaine have when applied directly to the eye?
What unique property does Tetracaine have when applied directly to the eye?
Why is Epinephrine added to balanced salt solution (BSS) during cataract surgery?
Why is Epinephrine added to balanced salt solution (BSS) during cataract surgery?
Which drug is noted for its long duration of action, lasting 7–14 days?
Which drug is noted for its long duration of action, lasting 7–14 days?
What is accommodation in the context of vision?
What is accommodation in the context of vision?
What condition is characterized by clouding of vision due to opacity in the crystalline lens?
What condition is characterized by clouding of vision due to opacity in the crystalline lens?
What does cryotherapy involve in ophthalmic procedures?
What does cryotherapy involve in ophthalmic procedures?
What surgical procedure involves the removal of the eyeball while leaving the surrounding structures intact?
What surgical procedure involves the removal of the eyeball while leaving the surrounding structures intact?
What is the phenomenon of refraction in the eye?
What is the phenomenon of refraction in the eye?
What is the primary goal of ophthalmic surgery?
What is the primary goal of ophthalmic surgery?
What is muscle recession in the context of eye surgery?
What is muscle recession in the context of eye surgery?
Which of the following describes glaucoma?
Which of the following describes glaucoma?
What fills the anterior chamber of the eye?
What fills the anterior chamber of the eye?
Which structure is responsible for draining tears from the eye into the nasal sinus?
Which structure is responsible for draining tears from the eye into the nasal sinus?
What is the role of accommodation in vision?
What is the role of accommodation in vision?
Which device is used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP)?
Which device is used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP)?
What are the components of tears that help prevent infection?
What are the components of tears that help prevent infection?
What does fluorescein angiography help diagnose?
What does fluorescein angiography help diagnose?
Which part of the eye is located behind the iris and in front of the lens?
Which part of the eye is located behind the iris and in front of the lens?
What is the primary function of the eyeglass phoropter during a refraction test?
What is the primary function of the eyeglass phoropter during a refraction test?
How does light refraction occur in the eye?
How does light refraction occur in the eye?
Which of these statements about tears is incorrect?
Which of these statements about tears is incorrect?
What is the primary purpose of a slit lamp examination?
What is the primary purpose of a slit lamp examination?
What factor can increase preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery?
What factor can increase preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery?
What does the canal of Schlemm do?
What does the canal of Schlemm do?
Which type of ultrasound provides an image showing a series of spots based on tissue density?
Which type of ultrasound provides an image showing a series of spots based on tissue density?
What is the primary function of the choroid layer in the eye?
What is the primary function of the choroid layer in the eye?
Which muscle group is responsible for moving the eyeball around different axes?
Which muscle group is responsible for moving the eyeball around different axes?
Which structure is located at the junction of the cornea and sclera?
Which structure is located at the junction of the cornea and sclera?
What component primarily makes up the eyelids?
What component primarily makes up the eyelids?
What is the role of the retina in the eye?
What is the role of the retina in the eye?
Which of the following structures is responsible for the shape of the lens during the focusing process?
Which of the following structures is responsible for the shape of the lens during the focusing process?
What type of cells in the retina are responsible for color perception?
What type of cells in the retina are responsible for color perception?
What is the term for the space between the upper and lower eyelids?
What is the term for the space between the upper and lower eyelids?
Which layer of the eye is primarily responsible for providing external support to the eyeball?
Which layer of the eye is primarily responsible for providing external support to the eyeball?
Which part of the eye is the primary refractive surface that light first encounters?
Which part of the eye is the primary refractive surface that light first encounters?
What protects the eye from airborne particles?
What protects the eye from airborne particles?
Which structure does the optic nerve connect to as it exits the eyeball?
Which structure does the optic nerve connect to as it exits the eyeball?
What role do sebaceous glands play in eyelid function?
What role do sebaceous glands play in eyelid function?
What part of the eye is responsible for fine focus and sharp vision?
What part of the eye is responsible for fine focus and sharp vision?
How can the surgical technologist create a supportive atmosphere for the patient?
How can the surgical technologist create a supportive atmosphere for the patient?
Why is verification of the operative site especially important in ophthalmic surgery?
Why is verification of the operative site especially important in ophthalmic surgery?
What steps are involved in verifying an intraocular lens (IOL) before surgery?
What steps are involved in verifying an intraocular lens (IOL) before surgery?
What is the primary position for a patient undergoing ophthalmic surgery?
What is the primary position for a patient undergoing ophthalmic surgery?
What potential complication can arise from improper patient transfer after surgery?
What potential complication can arise from improper patient transfer after surgery?
What is the standard antiseptic used for eye prep?
What is the standard antiseptic used for eye prep?
How should the skin prep for ophthalmic surgery be performed?
How should the skin prep for ophthalmic surgery be performed?
In which position should the patient’s arms be placed for ophthalmic surgery?
In which position should the patient’s arms be placed for ophthalmic surgery?
What is a primary concern associated with the use of retrobulbar block in ophthalmic procedures?
What is a primary concern associated with the use of retrobulbar block in ophthalmic procedures?
What needs to be prepared before the regional anesthesia is started?
What needs to be prepared before the regional anesthesia is started?
How should excess solution runoff be managed during skin prep?
How should excess solution runoff be managed during skin prep?
What is the role of the surgical technologist during the IOL verification process?
What is the role of the surgical technologist during the IOL verification process?
What factor is critical to keep patients still during eye surgery?
What factor is critical to keep patients still during eye surgery?
What might be included in the skin prep of the eye?
What might be included in the skin prep of the eye?
What is the primary goal of dacryocystorhinostomy surgery?
What is the primary goal of dacryocystorhinostomy surgery?
Which instruments are typically included in the lacrimal set for dacryocystorhinostomy?
Which instruments are typically included in the lacrimal set for dacryocystorhinostomy?
What is commonly used to manage small bleeding vessels during the incision in dacryocystorhinostomy?
What is commonly used to manage small bleeding vessels during the incision in dacryocystorhinostomy?
During dacryocystorhinostomy, what technique is used to expose the lacrimal sac?
During dacryocystorhinostomy, what technique is used to expose the lacrimal sac?
What is the primary function of the handheld battery-powered cautery unit in eye surgery?
What is the primary function of the handheld battery-powered cautery unit in eye surgery?
What is the purpose of inserting silicone tubes during dacryocystorhinostomy?
What is the purpose of inserting silicone tubes during dacryocystorhinostomy?
What characteristic distinguishes a bipolar electrosurgical unit from a monopolar unit?
What characteristic distinguishes a bipolar electrosurgical unit from a monopolar unit?
Which of the following is a postoperative care instruction for patients after dacryocystorhinostomy?
Which of the following is a postoperative care instruction for patients after dacryocystorhinostomy?
What is the purpose of the eye sponge during surgery?
What is the purpose of the eye sponge during surgery?
What type of anesthesia is typically used for muscle resection and recession in strabismus surgery?
What type of anesthesia is typically used for muscle resection and recession in strabismus surgery?
Why should sutures be handled gently and minimally during eye surgery?
Why should sutures be handled gently and minimally during eye surgery?
Which dressing provides maximum protection against bumps and abrasions after eye surgery?
Which dressing provides maximum protection against bumps and abrasions after eye surgery?
What happens when traction is applied during strabismus surgery?
What happens when traction is applied during strabismus surgery?
What is a critical reason why the surgical technologist must have a steady hand during microsurgery?
What is a critical reason why the surgical technologist must have a steady hand during microsurgery?
In lateral rectus resection, what is the effect of excising a portion of the muscle?
In lateral rectus resection, what is the effect of excising a portion of the muscle?
What is a recent innovation in strabismus surgery?
What is a recent innovation in strabismus surgery?
Which component of the microscope is responsible for magnifying the field of view?
Which component of the microscope is responsible for magnifying the field of view?
What must be done before moving the operating microscope to avoid damaging it?
What must be done before moving the operating microscope to avoid damaging it?
What is the main purpose of an incision made over the Bowman lacrimal probe?
What is the main purpose of an incision made over the Bowman lacrimal probe?
What type of sutures are used to secure the lacrimal sac flaps to the nasal mucosa after anastomosis?
What type of sutures are used to secure the lacrimal sac flaps to the nasal mucosa after anastomosis?
What is not a reason for ensuring microscope cords are intact before use?
What is not a reason for ensuring microscope cords are intact before use?
What effect does the surgeon’s need to maintain concentration have on the surgical technologist's actions?
What effect does the surgeon’s need to maintain concentration have on the surgical technologist's actions?
What is essential to ensure regarding the drugs on the sterile field upon receipt?
What is essential to ensure regarding the drugs on the sterile field upon receipt?
What instrument is primarily used to create an opening in the nasal mucosa during the procedure?
What instrument is primarily used to create an opening in the nasal mucosa during the procedure?
What type of sutures are frequently used to close circumferential incisions in eye surgery?
What type of sutures are frequently used to close circumferential incisions in eye surgery?
Which of the following local anesthetics is commonly used during ophthalmic procedures?
Which of the following local anesthetics is commonly used during ophthalmic procedures?
What must every drug passed to the surgeon during the procedure do?
What must every drug passed to the surgeon during the procedure do?
Which of the following statements about eye sponges is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about eye sponges is incorrect?
Which gauge of infiltration needles is commonly used in ophthalmic procedures?
Which gauge of infiltration needles is commonly used in ophthalmic procedures?
Why is it important to test the microscope's adjustments before moving it to the surgical field?
Why is it important to test the microscope's adjustments before moving it to the surgical field?
What action is advised to prevent the microscope's head from drifting?
What action is advised to prevent the microscope's head from drifting?
Which of these topical anesthetics is applied over the cornea before injection?
Which of these topical anesthetics is applied over the cornea before injection?
What is a significant risk associated with medication errors during eye surgery?
What is a significant risk associated with medication errors during eye surgery?
What should the surgical technologist (ST) ensure about the microsurgical eye instruments before the procedure?
What should the surgical technologist (ST) ensure about the microsurgical eye instruments before the procedure?
What role does the circulator play during the administering of local anesthetics?
What role does the circulator play during the administering of local anesthetics?
What aspect of the surgical procedure does the ST not assess?
What aspect of the surgical procedure does the ST not assess?
Why is it crucial to maintain a neat instrument table during ophthalmic procedures?
Why is it crucial to maintain a neat instrument table during ophthalmic procedures?
Which of the following is a common type of scissors used in ophthalmic surgery?
Which of the following is a common type of scissors used in ophthalmic surgery?
What combination is often used with injectable local anesthetics to enhance their effect?
What combination is often used with injectable local anesthetics to enhance their effect?
What is the primary purpose of adding epinephrine to local anesthetics?
What is the primary purpose of adding epinephrine to local anesthetics?
What should be done with sharp items in the microsurgical instruments?
What should be done with sharp items in the microsurgical instruments?
Which local anesthetic is known for its long-acting properties and is often used in combination with lidocaine?
Which local anesthetic is known for its long-acting properties and is often used in combination with lidocaine?
What is the role of the ST if a patient reports symptoms during surgery?
What is the role of the ST if a patient reports symptoms during surgery?
Which additive is contraindicated in cases of skin inflammation or malignancy?
Which additive is contraindicated in cases of skin inflammation or malignancy?
What function does sodium hyaluronate serve in ocular procedures?
What function does sodium hyaluronate serve in ocular procedures?
Which of the following agents is classified as an intravenous osmotic diuretic?
Which of the following agents is classified as an intravenous osmotic diuretic?
What is the purpose of using 5-Fluorouracil in ocular surgery?
What is the purpose of using 5-Fluorouracil in ocular surgery?
How is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose generally used in ocular procedures?
How is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose generally used in ocular procedures?
What common property do both Polymyxin B/bacitracin and Polymyxin B/neomycin/bacitracin serve?
What common property do both Polymyxin B/bacitracin and Polymyxin B/neomycin/bacitracin serve?
Which drug is specifically indicated for treating endophthalmitis?
Which drug is specifically indicated for treating endophthalmitis?
What is the role of Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in ocular treatment?
What is the role of Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in ocular treatment?
Which type of anesthetic is not intended for injection, but rather for topical use?
Which type of anesthetic is not intended for injection, but rather for topical use?
What is the primary action of Dexamethasone in ocular treatment?
What is the primary action of Dexamethasone in ocular treatment?
What is a key reason for refrigerating products like Viscoat before use?
What is a key reason for refrigerating products like Viscoat before use?
What condition might necessitate the use of Acetazolamide sodium in ocular procedures?
What condition might necessitate the use of Acetazolamide sodium in ocular procedures?
What is the primary role of traction sutures during lateral rectus resection?
What is the primary role of traction sutures during lateral rectus resection?
How is bleeding controlled during the incision of the conjunctiva?
How is bleeding controlled during the incision of the conjunctiva?
What should be done after the muscle is incised during the medial rectus recession?
What should be done after the muscle is incised during the medial rectus recession?
What types of sutures are typically used for reattaching the lateral rectus muscle?
What types of sutures are typically used for reattaching the lateral rectus muscle?
What is a common postoperative complication following muscle procedures in children?
What is a common postoperative complication following muscle procedures in children?
Which technique allows for transplantation of a full-thickness corneal graft?
Which technique allows for transplantation of a full-thickness corneal graft?
What is the correct position of the patient during both lateral rectus resection and medial rectus recession?
What is the correct position of the patient during both lateral rectus resection and medial rectus recession?
What is used to measure the distance for the new insertion point of the medial rectus muscle?
What is used to measure the distance for the new insertion point of the medial rectus muscle?
Which instrument is typically part of the corneal transplant set?
Which instrument is typically part of the corneal transplant set?
How is the conjunctiva closed after muscle procedures?
How is the conjunctiva closed after muscle procedures?
What immediately follows the placement of the empty needle holder and smooth tissue forceps?
What immediately follows the placement of the empty needle holder and smooth tissue forceps?
What is the significance of using separate instrument tables during penetrating keratoplasty?
What is the significance of using separate instrument tables during penetrating keratoplasty?
What additional step is performed if a regional block anesthetic is used prior to surgery?
What additional step is performed if a regional block anesthetic is used prior to surgery?
Which elements are considered common indications for cornea transplantation?
Which elements are considered common indications for cornea transplantation?
What is the primary reason for testing light bulbs before surgery?
What is the primary reason for testing light bulbs before surgery?
Which technique is essential for moving a microscope safely?
Which technique is essential for moving a microscope safely?
What should be done to the lenses of a microscope to maintain cleanliness?
What should be done to the lenses of a microscope to maintain cleanliness?
What is a common task for an ophthalmic surgical technologist during eye surgery?
What is a common task for an ophthalmic surgical technologist during eye surgery?
When checking microsurgical instruments, what should be inspected for burrs?
When checking microsurgical instruments, what should be inspected for burrs?
What is the proper incision method for excising a chalazion?
What is the proper incision method for excising a chalazion?
What is dacryocystorhinostomy primarily performed to treat?
What is dacryocystorhinostomy primarily performed to treat?
What type of anesthesia is generally used before making a chalazion incision?
What type of anesthesia is generally used before making a chalazion incision?
What equipment might be necessary in addition to the chalazion set during surgery?
What equipment might be necessary in addition to the chalazion set during surgery?
How should the scissors be positioned to cut sutures under a microscope?
How should the scissors be positioned to cut sutures under a microscope?
What practice should be avoided to maintain the cleanliness of microsurgical instruments?
What practice should be avoided to maintain the cleanliness of microsurgical instruments?
What is the best way to prevent the accumulation of dust on the microscope and its attachments?
What is the best way to prevent the accumulation of dust on the microscope and its attachments?
What should an ST do if excessive pressure is applied when using a locking needle holder?
What should an ST do if excessive pressure is applied when using a locking needle holder?
What should be used during surgery to keep the eye lubricated?
What should be used during surgery to keep the eye lubricated?
What is the typical setting for performing chalazion surgery?
What is the typical setting for performing chalazion surgery?
What position is the patient placed in for the eye procedure?
What position is the patient placed in for the eye procedure?
Which instrument is used for making an incision in the sclera?
Which instrument is used for making an incision in the sclera?
What is the purpose of applying diathermy during the procedure?
What is the purpose of applying diathermy during the procedure?
What type of suture is primarily used to approximate the sclera?
What type of suture is primarily used to approximate the sclera?
What is the purpose of the buckling components during the surgery?
What is the purpose of the buckling components during the surgery?
Which gas is commonly used for intravitreal gas injection?
Which gas is commonly used for intravitreal gas injection?
What pathological condition is the primary focus of a trabeculectomy?
What pathological condition is the primary focus of a trabeculectomy?
Which structure is primarily responsible for regulating intraocular pressure?
Which structure is primarily responsible for regulating intraocular pressure?
What is one possible outcome of untreated glaucoma?
What is one possible outcome of untreated glaucoma?
What is the method by which the aqueous humor typically exits the eye?
What is the method by which the aqueous humor typically exits the eye?
What is the purpose of 'polishing the posterior capsule' during surgery?
What is the purpose of 'polishing the posterior capsule' during surgery?
What complication may occur if the probe is placed in the center during surgery?
What complication may occur if the probe is placed in the center during surgery?
Which materials are commonly used for modern intraocular lenses (IOLs)?
Which materials are commonly used for modern intraocular lenses (IOLs)?
What is the surgical goal of scleral buckling?
What is the surgical goal of scleral buckling?
What is a common cause of retinal tears leading to detachment?
What is a common cause of retinal tears leading to detachment?
Which of the following statements about anterior vitrectomy is correct?
Which of the following statements about anterior vitrectomy is correct?
What happens if the posterior capsule ruptures during cataract extraction?
What happens if the posterior capsule ruptures during cataract extraction?
What is the primary purpose of injecting Healon during surgery?
What is the primary purpose of injecting Healon during surgery?
Which surgical technique involves creating adhesion between retinal layers?
Which surgical technique involves creating adhesion between retinal layers?
Which suture size is commonly used for closing the conjunctiva after surgery?
Which suture size is commonly used for closing the conjunctiva after surgery?
What immediate symptom may indicate a retinal tear?
What immediate symptom may indicate a retinal tear?
During an anterior vitrectomy, why should the primary corneal incision be closed?
During an anterior vitrectomy, why should the primary corneal incision be closed?
In what scenario would multifocal optics in IOLs be particularly beneficial?
In what scenario would multifocal optics in IOLs be particularly beneficial?
What is the recommended patient care after cataract surgery involving vitrectomy?
What is the recommended patient care after cataract surgery involving vitrectomy?
What is the purpose of the trephine during the donor cornea preparation?
What is the purpose of the trephine during the donor cornea preparation?
Which technique is typically used to extract the recipient cornea?
Which technique is typically used to extract the recipient cornea?
What type of sutures are used to form the initial landmark sutures in the cornea during graft placement?
What type of sutures are used to form the initial landmark sutures in the cornea during graft placement?
During fluid replacement in the anterior chamber, what substance is injected if needed?
During fluid replacement in the anterior chamber, what substance is injected if needed?
What is the primary goal of cataract extraction surgery?
What is the primary goal of cataract extraction surgery?
What is the first step in the patient prep for cataract surgery?
What is the first step in the patient prep for cataract surgery?
What is indicated when discussing the 'open sky' phase during cornea removal?
What is indicated when discussing the 'open sky' phase during cornea removal?
Which instrument is used to create a conjunctival flap?
Which instrument is used to create a conjunctival flap?
What is the most common risk associated with corneal transplantation?
What is the most common risk associated with corneal transplantation?
What is the main advantage of using phacoemulsification for cataract removal?
What is the main advantage of using phacoemulsification for cataract removal?
Cataracts are primarily associated with which of the following?
Cataracts are primarily associated with which of the following?
What might be used during capsulorhexis to facilitate the procedure?
What might be used during capsulorhexis to facilitate the procedure?
Which suture size is typically used for the scleral support ring?
Which suture size is typically used for the scleral support ring?
What kind of incision is made into the anterior chamber during cataract extraction?
What kind of incision is made into the anterior chamber during cataract extraction?
Flashcards
Accommodation
Accommodation
The process by which the lens of the eye changes shape to focus light on the retina.
Cataract
Cataract
Clouding of the lens of the eye, causing blurry vision.
Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy
Using a freezing probe to treat conditions like retinal detachment or glaucoma.
Evisceration
Evisceration
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Diathermy
Diathermy
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Exenteration
Exenteration
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Focal point
Focal point
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Glaucoma
Glaucoma
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What bones form the orbital cavity?
What bones form the orbital cavity?
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What is the palpebral conjunctiva?
What is the palpebral conjunctiva?
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What is the cornea's function?
What is the cornea's function?
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What is the sclera's function?
What is the sclera's function?
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What is the choroid layer's function?
What is the choroid layer's function?
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What is the ciliary body's function?
What is the ciliary body's function?
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What is the iris's function?
What is the iris's function?
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What is the retina's function?
What is the retina's function?
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What is the lens's function?
What is the lens's function?
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What is the palpebral fissure?
What is the palpebral fissure?
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What are the two types of photoreceptive cells in the retina?
What are the two types of photoreceptive cells in the retina?
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What is the macula and fovea centralis?
What is the macula and fovea centralis?
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What is the optic disc?
What is the optic disc?
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Cornea
Cornea
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Vitreous humor
Vitreous humor
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Iris
Iris
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Pupil
Pupil
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Aqueous humor
Aqueous humor
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Refraction
Refraction
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Canal of Schlemm
Canal of Schlemm
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Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal gland
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Lacrimal punctum
Lacrimal punctum
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Lacrimal sac
Lacrimal sac
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Nasolacrimal duct
Nasolacrimal duct
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Tonometry
Tonometry
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Ophthalmoscope
Ophthalmoscope
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Fluorescein angiography
Fluorescein angiography
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TIMEOUT
TIMEOUT
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Cataract surgery
Cataract surgery
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Balanced Salt Solution (BSS)
Balanced Salt Solution (BSS)
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Regional anesthetic
Regional anesthetic
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Doughnut headrest
Doughnut headrest
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Combination stretcher-operating table
Combination stretcher-operating table
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Skin prep
Skin prep
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Fenestrated drape
Fenestrated drape
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Peribulbar nerve block
Peribulbar nerve block
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Cellulose eye sponges
Cellulose eye sponges
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Povidone-iodine
Povidone-iodine
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Implant verification
Implant verification
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Team approach to implant verification
Team approach to implant verification
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Canthus
Canthus
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Mydriatics
Mydriatics
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Cycloplegics
Cycloplegics
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Miotics
Miotics
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Topical Anesthetics
Topical Anesthetics
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Injectable Anesthetics
Injectable Anesthetics
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Mydriatic Example
Mydriatic Example
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Cycloplegic Example
Cycloplegic Example
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Miotics Example
Miotics Example
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Local Anesthetics in Ophthalmic Surgery
Local Anesthetics in Ophthalmic Surgery
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Common Injectable Local Anesthetics
Common Injectable Local Anesthetics
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Role of Epinephrine in Anesthetics
Role of Epinephrine in Anesthetics
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Topical Anesthetics in Ophthalmology
Topical Anesthetics in Ophthalmology
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Examples of Topical Anesthetics
Examples of Topical Anesthetics
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Timing of Drug Administration in Eye Surgery
Timing of Drug Administration in Eye Surgery
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Circulator's Role in Drug Administration
Circulator's Role in Drug Administration
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Drug Handling Protocol
Drug Handling Protocol
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Care for Ophthalmic Instruments
Care for Ophthalmic Instruments
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ST's Role in Instrument Inspection
ST's Role in Instrument Inspection
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Diamond Knife
Diamond Knife
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Barraquer Iris Scissors
Barraquer Iris Scissors
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Bishop-Harmon Forceps
Bishop-Harmon Forceps
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Castroviejo Needle Holders
Castroviejo Needle Holders
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Clayman Lens Holding Forceps
Clayman Lens Holding Forceps
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Battery-powered cautery
Battery-powered cautery
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Bipolar ESU
Bipolar ESU
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Eye sponges
Eye sponges
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Eye sutures
Eye sutures
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Ophthalmic Dressings
Ophthalmic Dressings
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Microsurgery
Microsurgery
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Operating Microscope
Operating Microscope
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X-Y attachment
X-Y attachment
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Objective lens
Objective lens
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Zoom lens
Zoom lens
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Securing microscope arms
Securing microscope arms
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Adjusting microscope for eyesight
Adjusting microscope for eyesight
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Checking microscope controls
Checking microscope controls
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Testing microscope before use
Testing microscope before use
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Securing microscope head control knob
Securing microscope head control knob
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Methylparaben free (MPF)
Methylparaben free (MPF)
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Bupivacaine (Marcaine, Sensorcaine)
Bupivacaine (Marcaine, Sensorcaine)
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Mepivacaine (Carbocaine)
Mepivacaine (Carbocaine)
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Epinephrine
Epinephrine
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Hyaluronidase
Hyaluronidase
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Sodium hyaluronate (Healon, Amvisc, Provisc, Vitrax)
Sodium hyaluronate (Healon, Amvisc, Provisc, Vitrax)
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Sodium chondroitin-sodium hyaluronate (Viscoat)
Sodium chondroitin-sodium hyaluronate (Viscoat)
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Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2% (OcuCoat)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2% (OcuCoat)
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Balanced salt solution (BSS, Endosol)
Balanced salt solution (BSS, Endosol)
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Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
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Betamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone acetate suspension (Celestone)
Betamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone acetate suspension (Celestone)
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Polymyxin B/bacitracin (Polysporin ointment)
Polymyxin B/bacitracin (Polysporin ointment)
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Cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol)
Cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol)
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Cocaine
Cocaine
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5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
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Burr
Burr
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Microsurgical Wipes
Microsurgical Wipes
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Locking Needle Holder Pressure
Locking Needle Holder Pressure
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Scissors Positioning for Suture Cutting
Scissors Positioning for Suture Cutting
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Scissors Stabilization
Scissors Stabilization
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Instrument Organization
Instrument Organization
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Chalazion
Chalazion
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Chalazion Excision
Chalazion Excision
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Dacryocystorhinostomy
Dacryocystorhinostomy
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Dacryocystitis
Dacryocystitis
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Chalazion Curettage
Chalazion Curettage
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Bipolar ESU for Chalazion Excision
Bipolar ESU for Chalazion Excision
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Chalazion Clamp
Chalazion Clamp
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Beaver Blade #67
Beaver Blade #67
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Westcott Scissors
Westcott Scissors
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Lateral Rectus Resection
Lateral Rectus Resection
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Medial Rectus Recession
Medial Rectus Recession
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Caliper
Caliper
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Traction Suture
Traction Suture
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Conjunctiva
Conjunctiva
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Lateral Rectus Muscle Resection
Lateral Rectus Muscle Resection
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Medial Rectus Muscle Recession
Medial Rectus Muscle Recession
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Muscle Hook
Muscle Hook
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Penetrating Keratoplasty
Penetrating Keratoplasty
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Separate Instrument Tables
Separate Instrument Tables
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Absorbable Suture
Absorbable Suture
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Lens
Lens
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Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR)
Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR)
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Muscle Resection and Recession
Muscle Resection and Recession
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Strabismus
Strabismus
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Adjustable Sutures
Adjustable Sutures
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Retina
Retina
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Phacoemulsification
Phacoemulsification
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Corneal Transplantation
Corneal Transplantation
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Extracapsular Cataract Extraction
Extracapsular Cataract Extraction
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Trephine
Trephine
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Muscle Recession
Muscle Recession
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Intracapsular Cataract Extraction
Intracapsular Cataract Extraction
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Scleral Buckling
Scleral Buckling
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Trabeculectomy
Trabeculectomy
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Intraocular Pressure (IOP)
Intraocular Pressure (IOP)
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Intravitreal Gas Injection
Intravitreal Gas Injection
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Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
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Perfluoropropane (C3F8)
Perfluoropropane (C3F8)
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Polishing the posterior capsule
Polishing the posterior capsule
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Vitreous prolapse
Vitreous prolapse
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Anterior vitrectomy
Anterior vitrectomy
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Phacoemulsification machine
Phacoemulsification machine
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Multifocal lens
Multifocal lens
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Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
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Vitreous traction
Vitreous traction
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Vitrectomy
Vitrectomy
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Traumatic retinal detachment
Traumatic retinal detachment
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Diabetic retinal detachment
Diabetic retinal detachment
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Scleral puncture
Scleral puncture
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Study Notes
Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures
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Accommodation: A process where the lens changes shape to maintain image focus on the retina.
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Cataract: Clouding of vision due to opacity in the crystalline lens, its capsule, or both, preventing light focus on the retina.
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Cryotherapy: Freezing tissue (e.g., sclera, ciliary body) using a cold probe, often after retinal detachment.
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Diathermy: Low-power cautery used to burn sclera to treat retinal detachment.
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Enucleation: Surgical removal of the entire eyeball and its attachments.
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Evisceration: Surgical removal of the eyeball's contents, leaving the sclera intact.
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Exenteration: Removal of all orbital contents.
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Focal Point: The point where light rays converge after passing through a lens.
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Glaucoma: A group of eye diseases with elevated intraocular pressure, potentially causing optic nerve damage and blindness.
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Keratoplasty: Cornea surgery, including penetrating keratoplasty (corneal transplantation).
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Muscle Recession: Moving an eye muscle back to release the eyeball.
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Muscle Resection: Shortening an eye muscle to reposition the eyeball.
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Phacoemulsification: Using high-frequency sound waves to emulsify tissues, such as a cataract.
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Pterygium: A triangular membrane arising from the medial canthus, potentially extending over the cornea and causing vision problems.
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Refraction: Light bending as it passes through a denser medium; occurs in the cornea, lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous.
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Spatula Needle: A flat-tipped suture needle commonly used in ophthalmic surgery.
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Strabismus: Inability of extraocular muscles to coordinate, affecting binocular vision.
Surgical Anatomy
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Orbital Cavity: Contains the eyeball (globe), formed by frontal, lacrimal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary, zygomatic, and palatine bones. The optic nerve passes through the optic foramen.
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Eyelids: Composed of fibrous tarsal plates covered by skin, protecting the eye; the palpebral fissure is the space between the lids, and the canthi are the lid junctions.
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Globe: Has posterior and anterior cavities (anterior and posterior chambers). The posterior chamber contains vitreous, and anterior chambers contain aqueous humor produced by the ciliary epithelium.
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Eye Muscles: Six muscles (four rectus, two oblique) move the eyeball, enabling binocular vision.
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Conjunctiva: Thin, transparent mucous membrane lining the eyelids (palpebral conjunctiva) and extending over the eyeball's visible surface (bulbar conjunctiva).
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Cornea: Clear tissue layer over the eye's front; refracts light, has no blood vessels.
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Sclera: Thick, white, fibrous tissue forming the eye's external supporting layer; continuous with the cornea.
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Choroid: Highly vascular layer beneath sclera, preventing light reflection. Its extension is the ciliary body (smooth muscle controlling lens shape).
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Iris: Pigmented membrane surrounding pupil controlling light intake.
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Retina: Photoreceptive layer receiving and transmitting images to the brain via the optic nerve; detects black and white and color. Macula is high-acuity region, and fovea centralis is its center.
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Lens: Clear, biconvex disc behind the iris, held by zonules attached to the ciliary body, modifying shape for light focusing.
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Anterior and Posterior Chambers: The anterior cavity of the eye is divided by the iris; filled with aqueous humor that flows from the posterior chamber through the pupil and to the venous system via the canal of Schlemm.
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Lacrimal Apparatus: Tears are produced from the lacrimal gland, passing through ducts to the conjunctiva, then draining through punctum, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct to the nasal cavity.
Diagnostic Testing
- Refraction Test: Measures visual acuity using a phoropter with corrective lenses and an eye chart.
- Slit Lamp Examination: Examines the anterior eye structures (lids, conjunctiva, tear film, cornea, iris, lens, and anterior vitreous). Fluorescein dye is used to highlight corneal irregularities.
- Tonometry: Measures intraocular pressure (IOP).
- Ophthalmoscopy: Examines the fundus (rear part) of the eye with a handheld instrument to visualize internal structures. Fluorescein angiography and ophthalmic ultrasonography are also used.
Case Planning
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Psychological Considerations: Patients may have fears about blindness and increased anxiety. A calm and supportive environment and clear explanations of the procedures help alleviate these fears.
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Verification of Operative Site: Particular attention to verifying operative site and implants is essential due to their delicate nature .The American Association of Ophthalmologists provides a protocol for IOL verification with participation from the surgical technologist..
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Positioning: Patients are positioned supine, often with the head stabilized on a headrest; precautions involved in patient transfer, to avoid increased intraocular pressure.
Prepping and Draping
- Skin Prep: Typically performed after anesthesia using dilute povidone-iodine. The prep area includes the eyelids, margins, canthi, eyebrows, and face.
- Draping: Isolates the hairline and non-operative side of the face using head drapes, fenestrated drapes (for the operative eye), or large body sheets.
Anesthesia
- Regional Anesthesia: Mostly used with monitored sedation (topical anesthetic, local infiltration, peribulbar nerve block, or combination).
- Pediatric Patients: General anesthesia.
Ophthalmic Drugs
- Many drugs with potent effects are used pre-, intra-, and post-operatively. All drugs must be clearly labeled; surgeons must acknowledge every drug passed to them, and proper recording of drug amounts is essential.
Instruments
- Ophthalmic instruments are delicate and expensive; all personnel must handling carefully to prevent damage.
Surgical Techniques
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Microsurgery: Requires focused vision, steady hands, and careful instrument passing to avoid patient harm. Microscope must be positioned and stabilized carefully.
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Chalazion Excision: A benign growth from a sebaceous gland on the eyelid is excised.
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Dacryocystorhinostomy: Permanent opening is created in the tear duct for tear drainage.
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Muscle Resection/Recession: Corrects strabismus (eye misalignment) by detaching and reattaching eye muscles in the correct position.
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Penetrating Keratoplasty: Transplants a full-thickness donor cornea to replace a damaged cornea.
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Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (Phacoemulsification): Fragments a cataract in the lens using ultrasonic vibrations to remove the lens, preserving the capsule; an intraocular lens implant replaces the removed lens.
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Anterior Vitrectomy: Removes vitreous from the anterior chamber, performed in conjunction with other procedures like cataract extraction.
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Scleral Buckling: Restoring retinal layers in a detached retina by creating adhesions/scar tissue between the layers of the retina, then using a Silastic band to press the retinal layers back against the sclera.
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Filtering Procedures (Trabeculectomy): Creating a drainage channel for aqueous humor to treat glaucoma.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various mydriatic drugs, their functions, and applications in ophthalmology. This quiz covers essential concepts such as drug classifications, treatment effects, and surgical procedures related to eye care. Ideal for students and professionals in the field of optometry and ophthalmology.
