Cholecystokinin and Bile Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What triggers the secretion of Cholecystokinin (CCK)?

  • Carbohydrate digestion
  • Protein and fat digestion products (correct)
  • Water absorption
  • Fiber breakdown

    • All patients with chronic pancreatitis are alcoholics.

    False

    What are the two releasing factors for CCK regulation?

    CCK-RP from the small bowel and monitor peptides from the pancreas.

    Once food arrives in the duodenum, CCK stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from _____ cells.

    <p>acinar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following mechanisms or facts with their descriptions:

    <p>CCK-RP = Releasing factor from the small bowel Monitor peptides = Releasing factor from the pancreas Digestive enzymes = Released in response to CCK Chronic pancreatitis = Multifactorial disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of monitoring bilirubin levels after liver transplantation?

    <p>To monitor responses to therapy or rejection reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bilirubin formed after heme is always in its conjugated form when it enters the liver.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of bilirubin when it is in the unconjugated form?

    <p>Yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ is a blind outpouching beneath the liver that has a storage capacity of about 20-50 mL.

    <p>gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each pigment with its description:

    <p>Biliverdin = Green pigment formed from heme degradation Conjugated bilirubin = Water-soluble form of bilirubin Unconjugated bilirubin = Lipid-soluble form transported by albumin Urobilinogen = Substance contributing to stool color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for converting biliverdin into unconjugated bilirubin?

    <p>Bilirubin reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    We cannot survive without a gallbladder because it is essential for bile production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The liver produces bile, which is released based on the ________ consumed.

    <p>meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can certain organisms in the colon do to conjugated bilirubin?

    <p>Deconjugate it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cholecystokinin (CCK)?

    <p>Regulates bile flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholecystokinin is released in response to carbohydrates in digestion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Sphincter of Oddi play in bile flow regulation?

    <p>It relaxes to allow bile to flow into the duodenal lumen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholecystokinin is released by the ______ cells of the intestine.

    <p>I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>CCK = Hormone regulating bile flow Sphincter of Oddi = Controls bile entry into the duodenum Gallbladder = Stores bile Portal circulation = Carries blood to the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances can cause the contraction of the gallbladder?

    <p>Cholecystokinin (CCK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ejection of bile into the duodenal lumen is a result of gallbladder contraction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of cholecystokinin?

    <p>Products of lipid and protein digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The flow of bile is regulated by ______ and neural signals.

    <p>hormonal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net result of CCK's action?

    <p>Ejection of bile into the duodenal lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pancreatic amylase?

    <p>Digests starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acetylcholine and cholecystokinin are considered main stimuli for pancreatic enzyme secretion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of trypsin inhibitors in pancreatic function?

    <p>Prevent the activation of trypsin inside the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The granules fuse with the plasma _______ upon stimulation of the acinar cell.

    <p>membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following enzymes with their primary function:

    <p>Pancreatic Amylase = Digests starch Pancreatic Lipase = Digests lipids Nucleases = Digests DNAs and RNAs Procolipase = Digestion of intestinal fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a pancreatic enzyme?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Golgi complex is where pancreatic enzymes are synthesized.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of trypsin activation inside the pancreas?

    <p>It can lead to digestion of the pancreas itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholecystokinin is classified as a ________ involved in pancreatic enzyme secretion.

    <p>hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which secretagogue is released from the enteric nervous neurons in the stomach and intestines?

    <p>Gastrin-Releasing Peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Transporter (ASBT)?

    <p>To mediate the reabsorption of bile acids from the ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile acids are absorbed exclusively by passive absorption throughout the entire small intestine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the gastrointestinal tract does the Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Transporter primarily function?

    <p>Ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The liver extracts bile salts from the ________ blood.

    <p>portal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bile acid absorption mechanisms with their descriptions:

    <p>Passive absorption = Absorption occurring without energy expenditure Active transport = Absorption requiring energy to move bile acids Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Transporter = Transporter located in the ileum for bile acids Bile canaliculus = Site where bile acids are secreted into bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components are secreted by the liver alongside bile acids?

    <p>Biliary lipids, including phospholipids and cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile acids play a role in generating osmotic water flow into the bile canaliculus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Outline of Gastrointestinal System (GIT) 2: Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas

    • Liver Anatomy:

      • Largest organ, 2% body weight in average adult
      • Wedge-shaped, base on right, apex on left
      • Located in right upper quadrant below diaphragm
      • Two main lobes (larger right, smaller left), separated by falciform ligament
      • Dual blood supply: 25% from hepatic artery (oxygenated, nutrient-poor), 75% from portal vein (nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor) - draining from spleen, stomach, intestines, pancreas

    • Liver Functions:

      • Metabolic:
        • Gluconeogenesis: glucose production
        • Glycogenesis: glucose storage as glycogen
        • Glycogenolysis: glucose release from glycogen
        • Lipid metabolism: beta-oxidation, cholesterol & phospholipid synthesis, lipoproteins synthesis, ketone body production
        • Protein metabolism: non-essential amino acid synthesis, urea cycle (converting ammonia to urea)
      • Protective:
        • Detoxification of various substances
        • Phagocytosis of microorganisms by Kupffer cells
      • Excretory:
        • Bile production and secretion, crucial for fat digestion
        • Bilirubin metabolism and excretion
        • Bile acid metabolism and enterohepatic circulation
      • Other:
        • Storage of vitamins (A, D, E, K), iron, glycogen
        • Blood filtration and coagulation protein synthesis
        • Important roles in maintaining blood glucose and lipid homeostasis.

    Gallbladder

    • Anatomy/Structure:

      • Pear-shaped, muscular sac
      • Located beneath the liver (right)
      • Stores and concentrates bile
      • Connected to the common bile duct via cystic duct

    • Functions:

      • Bile storage and concentration
      • Bile ejection into duodenum during meals (aided by hormones like CCK)
      • Facilitates fat digestion

    Pancreas

    • Anatomy/Structure:

      • Pear-shaped organ, retroperitoneal
      • Divided into head, body, and tail
      • Exocrine and endocrine functions

    • Exocrine Functions:

      • Secretes pancreatic juice (mostly water, electrolytes, bicarbonate, enzymes)
        • Enzymes digest carbohydrates, proteins, fats.

    • Endocrine Functions:

      • Islets of Langerhans produce insulin, glucagon to regulate blood glucose

    Enterohepatic Circulation

    • Bile travels from liver to duodenum then small intestine.
    • Most bile salts are reabsorbed into the blood, primarily in the distal ileum.
    • Bile salts are recycled back to the liver to be reused in bile production

    Pancreatic Secretion: Phases

    • Cephalic:

      • Stimulated by smelling, tasting food, or thought of food; cholinergic vagal stimulation
      • Low volume, high enzyme concentration

    • Gastric:

      • Stimulated by distension of stomach and presence of amino acids, peptides.
      • Cholecystokinin (CCK) release
      • Results in increased secretion volume with decreased enzyme concentration

    • Intestinal:

      • Stimulated by presence of chyme, primarily via CCK and secretin
      • Marked increase in flow rate and enzyme volume, while lowering enzyme concentration.

    Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

    • Important markers/indicators in evaluating the functionality of the liver
      • include: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin levels, albumin levels, prothrombin time (PT).

    Causes of GIT Diseases Leading to Death

    • Various illnesses involving the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, often characterized by morbidity as well as mortality

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    GIT 2: Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on Cholecystokinin (CCK) and bile production. This quiz covers the triggers of CCK secretion, its regulation, and the importance of bilirubin levels after liver transplantation. Dive into the mechanisms of digestive enzymes and the role of the gallbladder in digestion.

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