Choking: Recognition and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

During the initial steps of assisting a choking infant, why should you avoid sweeping their mouth with your finger?

  • To prevent the risk of infection from your finger.
  • Because it may push the obstructing object further down the throat. (correct)
  • Because infants' gums are delicate and easily injured.
  • To avoid stimulating a gag reflex, which could complicate the situation.

    • If an infant is choking and you've already administered back blows and chest thrusts without clearing the obstruction, what is the next immediate step?

  • Call emergency services (999/112).
  • Administer abdominal thrusts.
  • Begin CPR immediately.
  • Continue cycles of back blows and chest thrusts until help arrives or the obstruction is cleared. (correct)

    • After administering chest thrusts to an infant, what important follow-up action should always be taken?

  • Seek medical advice, even if the infant appears to have recovered. (correct)
  • Document the incident in detail for future reference.
  • Monitor the infant's breathing for any changes.
  • Administer a dose of infant paracetamol to alleviate any potential discomfort.

    • Why is maintaining a calm and confident manner important when approaching a casualty as a first aider?

    <p>To reassure the casualty and gain their trust. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a first aider do immediately after introducing themselves to a casualty?

    <p>Ask the casualty if they can be treated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the FIRST step you should take when you recognize that an adult is choking?

    <p>Ask the casualty, 'Are you choking?' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After providing each back blow to a choking adult, what action should a first aider take?

    <p>Check the casualty's mouth and remove any visible obstruction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should you position your fist when administering abdominal thrusts to a choking adult?

    <p>Below their ribcage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if a choking casualty becomes unresponsive while you are trying to help?

    <p>Support them as they fall, protect their head, open their airway and check for breathing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied when an infant is experiencing a mild choking obstruction?

    <p>They can cough, but have difficulty breathing or making noise. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before administering back blows to a choking infant, how should the infant be positioned?

    <p>Face down along your forearm and thigh, supporting the head. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should you call emergency services (999/112) for a choking adult?

    <p>If the casualty is still choking after attempting back blows and abdominal thrusts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of leaning a choking adult forward while giving back blows?

    <p>To help dislodge the object and allow it to exit the mouth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the primary survey, what is the MOST important reason to move a potential source of danger?

    <p>To prevent further harm to yourself and the casualty. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing a casualty's responsiveness, what is the PRIMARY reason for avoiding a hard shake?

    <p>It could exacerbate any existing underlying injuries, especially spinal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to limit the 'look, listen, and feel' assessment for breathing to no more than 10 seconds?

    <p>To quickly progress to chest compressions if breathing is absent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In adult CPR, what is the correct depth to compress the chest?

    <p>5-6cm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During CPR, why is correct hand placement crucial?

    <p>To minimize the risk of damaging internal organs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to interlock your fingers and keep them off the casualty's ribs during chest compressions?

    <p>To prevent rib fractures and other injuries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the primary survey, if a casualty is unresponsive, what is the proper course of action after shouting for help?

    <p>Check the casualty's airway. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN purpose of performing chest compressions during CPR?

    <p>To manually circulate blood throughout the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When encountering a casualty who speaks a different language, what is the MOST appropriate initial action?

    <p>Attempt to find a translator, such as a friend or relative, to assist with communication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A casualty's clothing has become disarranged while providing treatment. What action BEST demonstrates respect for their dignity?

    <p>Covering the casualty with a blanket to maintain their dignity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following questions is MOST helpful for a first aider to ask a casualty to gather information while providing comfort?

    <p>&quot;What did you have for lunch today?&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A casualty refuses your assistance. What is the MOST appropriate course of action?

    <p>Respect the casualty's wishes and ensure your own safety, without arguing or disagreeing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When obtaining consent to remove a casualty's personal belongings, what should a first aider do?

    <p>Whenever possible, get their permission before removing items. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You need to search a casualty's belongings for identification. What is the MOST important step to take?

    <p>Ensure you do this in front of a witness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for a first aider to explain what they are doing and why to a casualty?

    <p>To ensure the casualty is fully informed and feels more secure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior BEST demonstrates a first aider's confidence while providing care?

    <p>Explaining what you are doing and why you are doing it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During adult CPR, at what rate should chest compressions be administered?

    <p>100-120 compressions per minute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken immediately after performing the primary survey on a child who is unresponsive and not breathing?

    <p>Administer 5 initial rescue breaths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing CPR on an infant, how should you administer rescue breaths?

    <p>Cover both the mouth and nose with your mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct compression-to-breath ratio for CPR in children?

    <p>30 compressions to 2 breaths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During child CPR, to what depth should you compress the chest?

    <p>One-third of its depth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances should you continue administering CPR?

    <p>Until professional help arrives and takes over, or the casualty starts breathing normally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When opening the airway of an adult, what is the proper technique?

    <p>Tilting the head back and lifting the chin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If another first aider is present during CPR, how often should you change over to avoid exhaustion?

    <p>Every 2 minutes with minimum disruption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When administering rescue breaths to an infant, what is the correct duration for each breath?

    <p>Blow steadily and gently for approximately 1 second. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing chest compressions on an infant, what is the recommended depth?

    <p>One-third of the infant's chest depth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct rate of compressions per minute when performing CPR on an infant?

    <p>100-120 compressions per minute. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After giving 30 chest compressions during infant CPR, what is the next immediate step?

    <p>Give 2 rescue breaths. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to place an unresponsive and breathing casualty in the recovery position?

    <p>To maintain a clear airway and allow fluids to drain from the mouth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When placing a casualty in the recovery position, what should you do with the arm nearest to you?

    <p>Place it at a right angle to their body with the elbow bent and palm upwards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a casualty has been in the recovery position for a long time, how often should you turn them to the other side (if injuries allow)?

    <p>Every 30 minutes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct procedure for assisting an unresponsive infant who is breathing?

    <p>Cradle the infant in your arms head tilted downwards and monitor vital signs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Choking

    A blockage in the airway preventing breathing, often caused by food or objects.

    Signs of choking

    Inability to cough or speak, difficulty breathing, grasping at the neck.

    Choking treatment steps

    Ask if choking, encourage coughing, administer back blows, then abdominal thrusts.

    Back blows

    Use up to five blows between shoulder blades to dislodge an object from choking.

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    Abdominal thrusts

    Link hands, form a fist below ribcage, pull sharply inwards and upwards.

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    Calling emergency services

    Call 999/112 if patient is still choking after initial treatment steps.

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    Unresponsive casualty

    If casualty becomes unresponsive, protect the head and check for breathing.

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    Recovery position

    If breathing, place unresponsive casualty in the recovery position to maintain airway.

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    Back blows for choking

    Administer up to 5 back blows between the shoulder blades to clear choking in an infant.

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    Chest thrusts for infants

    Perform up to 5 chest thrusts by pushing inwards and downwards on the lower breastbone to dislodge an object.

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    Checking the mouth

    After back blows, turn the infant and check the mouth for obstructions, avoiding finger sweeps.

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    Communication in first aid

    Effective communication builds trust, ensures proper care, and manages emergencies.

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    Approaching a casualty

    Approach calmly and confidently, introduce yourself as a first aider, and ask for consent to treat.

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    Primary Survey

    A quick method to identify life-threatening conditions in a casualty.

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    DRABC

    A mnemonic for the steps in a primary survey: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation.

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    Danger

    Ensure there is no risk to yourself before assisting a casualty.

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    Response Check

    Assess if the casualty is conscious by speaking or gently shaking.

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    Airway Management

    Ensure the casualty’s airway is clear by opening it appropriately.

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    Breathing Assessment

    Check if the casualty is breathing normally using sight, sound, and touch.

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    Circulation Check

    Look for signs of severe bleeding as part of the primary survey.

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    CPR Procedure

    Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation to manually pump blood when the heart stops.

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    Effective Communication

    Explain actions clearly while remaining calm.

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    Adapt Language

    Use simple language for children and non-native speakers.

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    Maintain Dignity

    Respect a casualty’s dignity and privacy during care.

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    Listening Skills

    Actively listen to gather important information from casualties.

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    Respect Consent

    Always seek permission before touching a casualty's belongings.

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    Handling Refusal

    Respect the casualty's wishes if they refuse help.

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    Cultural Sensitivity

    Provide care without bias toward age, gender, or race.

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    Clear Control

    Maintain control in emergencies while being gentle yet firm.

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    CPR sequence for infants

    Begin with 2 rescue breaths followed by 30 compressions, 2 rescue breaths, and call 999/112.

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    Chest compressions rate

    Perform chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute for infants.

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    Initial action for unresponsive infant

    Perform the primary survey and call emergency services immediately.

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    Monitoring vital signs

    Continuously check breath, pulse, and responsiveness of the casualty.

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    Arm positioning in recovery position

    Place the arm nearest to you at a right angle with palm facing upwards.

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    Leg adjustment in recovery position

    Pull the furthest leg up and roll the casualty towards that side.

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    Opening Airway Technique

    Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin to open the airway.

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    Rescue Breaths for Adults

    Give two rescue breaths before continuing chest compressions.

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    Switching First Aiders

    If another first aider is present, switch every two minutes to reduce fatigue.

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    Initial Rescue Breaths for Children

    Perform 5 initial rescue breaths before starting compressions for children.

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    CPR Compression Depth for Child

    Place the heel of one hand in the center of the child's chest and compress to one third of its depth.

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    Infant Airway Opening

    Gently tilt the infant's head and lift the chin with a finger to open the airway.

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    Study Notes

    Choking

    • Food or objects lodged in the mouth or throat can cause choking.

    • If not cleared, the lack of oxygen can lead to fatality.

    • Choking can be cleared by the casualty themselves.

    • Adults/Children Recognition:

      • Unable to speak or cough
      • Trouble breathing
      • Grasping at throat
      • Pointing to throat

    • Treatment for Adults/Children: -Ask the casualty "Are you choking?" -Encourage coughing if possible -If no improvement, give up to 5 back blows between shoulder blades -Visually check the mouth and remove any obstruction if possible. -Do not sweep mouth.

    Choking Infant

    • Recognition of mild choking:
      • Able to cough.
    • Recognition of severe choking:
      • Unable to cough or make noise or unable to breathe.
      • Eventual unresponsiveness.
    • Treatment for Infants:
      • Lay the infant face down along your arm and check the mouth
      • Give up to 5 back blows between shoulder blades.
      • Turn the infant face up, check the mouth, remove any obstruction with finger tips and don't sweep the mouth
      • Give up to 5 chest compressions - similar to chest compressions for a child
      • Check mouth and repeat as necessary.
      • Call 999/112 if help isn't visible and obstruction isn't cleared.

    Communication and Casualty Care

    • Good communication skills are key for first aiders.
    • Build trust between First Aider, casualty and bystanders, and emergency services.
    • Effectively communicate so appropriate care can be given and the situation handled properly.
    • Verbal and non-verbal communication are important.
    • Be calm, firm, and confident, but not overpowering.
    • Consider different needs and abilities of casualty; use simple language, and body language for specific situations

    Personal Possessions

    • Always respect the casualty's belongings.
    • Get permission before removing personal items like glasses, jewelry, or clothing.
    • Ensure the check of the possessions is done in front of a witness.
    • Be aware that there might be reasons for resisting or refusing help; be aware of their right to refuse help, or to refuse to be helped.
    • Patient safety is always paramount and consideration should be made to their mental state.

    Primary Survey

    • A quick process to assess if a casualty is life-threatening.
    • Done each time an individual is helped.
    • Using the acronym DRABC:
      • Danger: Ensure your safety and check for any potential hazards for you or the casualty.
      • Response: Check if the casualty is responsive by calling their name or asking a question.
      • Airway: Check if the airway is open and clear by tilting the head and lifting the chin.
      • Breathing: Check if the casualty is breathing normally.
      • Circulation: Check for severe bleeding.

    Resuscitation

    • If a casualty is unresponsive and not breathing, immediate CPR is needed.
    • Adult CPR:
      • 30 compressions (at a rate of 100-120 per minute) to every 2 breaths
    • Child CPR:
      • 30 compressions (at a rate of 100-120 per minute) to every 2 breaths

    Unresponsive Casualty

    • Place the casualty on their side in the recovery position.

    Unresponsive Infant

    • Perform a primary survey, if the infant is unresponsive, call for help 999/112

    • Cradle the infant in your arms with the head tilted downwards.

    • Monitor vital signs.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the important aspects of choking, including recognition and first aid treatment for both adults and infants. Learn how to identify choking signals and the appropriate steps to assist someone in distress. Enhance your life-saving skills with this essential knowledge.

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