16 Questions
Match the following with their relevant descriptions:
Weende method = Used for crude fiber determination in feed samples CHO analysis in feeds = Includes soluble (NFE) and non-soluble CHO (crude fibre) Factors affecting CHO digestion in ruminants = Includes factors related to the plant, animal, and rest of the ration Metabolic functions of glucose in ruminants = Main source of energy in nervous tissues, metabolism of muscles, precursor of lactose and glycerol for milk fat biosynthesis, supply of nutrients for fetus, formation of NADPH
Match the following factors affecting CHO digestion in ruminants with their categories:
Age and type of plant = Factors related to the plant Species and age of animal = Factors related to the animal Presence of starch, protein level, sudden change in ration, rumen environment = Factors related to the rest of the ration Use of antibiotics per os, preparation of roughage CHO analysis in feeds = Factors related to the rest of the ration
Match the following compounds with their presence in CHO analysis in feeds:
Soluble CHO = Included in CHO analysis as part of non-soluble CHO Non-soluble CHO (crude fiber) = Included in CHO analysis as part of non-soluble CHO Lignin, organic acids = Notable components analyzed in feed samples Cellulose, hemicellulose = Components analyzed as part of non-soluble CHO
Match the following with their roles in metabolic functions of glucose in ruminants:
Glucose as main energy source for nervous tissues = One of the roles of glucose in ruminants Glucose as precursor for lactose and glycerol production = One of the roles of glucose in ruminants Glucose for formation of NADPH = Role of glucose related to fatty acid synthesis Glucose as supply of nutrients for fetus = One of the roles of glucose in ruminants
Match the carbohydrate with its end product in CHO metabolism in non-ruminants:
Starch = Glucose Maltose = Glucose Saccharose = Glucose + Fructose Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
Match the enzyme with its substrate in CHO metabolism in non-ruminants:
α-amylase = Starch α-glucosidase = Maltose Oligo-1, 6-glucosidase = Glucose β-glucosidase = Lactose
Match the animal with its blood glucose concentration range:
Non-ruminants = 130 - 260 mg/100 ml blood Ruminants = 40 - 70 mg/100 ml blood Poultry = 130 - 260 mg/100 ml blood
Match the metabolic function with the hormone influencing glucose metabolism:
Glycogenesis (conversion of glucose to glycogen) = Insulin Glycogenolysis (conversion of glycogen to glucose) = Glucagon Blood sugar level maintenance = Glucagon
Match the enzyme with its activity change in young animals after weaning:
Lactase = Declines Maltase = Rises Sucrase = Insufficiency resulting in diarrhoea α-glucosidase = Remains high
Match the statement with the central transporting medium for glucose:
Glucose is the main source of energy for monogastric animals and starting material for biosynthetic processes. = Blood The level of blood sugars is maintained by conversion of circulating blood glucose into glycogen and by reconversion of glycogen to glucose. = Blood Feeding considerable amounts of sucrose to young mammals results in serious diarrhoea because of sucrase insufficiency. = Blood Insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone influence glucose metabolism. = Blood
Match the carbohydrate components in ruminant feeds with their dry basis percentage:
Cellulose = 20 - 30% Hemicellulose = 14 - 20% Pectin = Up to 10% Lignin = 2 - 12%
Match the volatile fatty acids produced in rumen fermentation with their main types:
Acetic acid = Mainly present Propionic acid = Commonly found Butyric acid = Frequently observed Formic acid = Minor amount
Match the functions of volatile fatty acids in ruminants with their roles:
Energy supply = Catabolic processes Glucose biosynthesis = From propionic acid Fats biosynthesis = From acetic and butyric acids Overall energy release = Main function in ruminants
Match the byproducts of ruminal fermentation with the gases produced:
Methane = Byproduct Carbon dioxide = Resulting gas Hydrogen = Fermentation byproduct Oxygen = Not produced
Match the enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion in ruminants with their actions:
Salivary amylase = Not present Pancreatic amylase = Digests starch Rumen microorganisms = Break down cellulose Volatile fatty acids = Absorbed for energy
Match the metabolic functions of glucose in ruminants with their roles:
Energy release = Fulfilled by VFAs in ruminants Biosynthesis of fats = From acetic and butyric acids Biosynthesis of glucose = From propionic acid Energy storage = Limited role
Test your knowledge on carbohydrate metabolism in non-ruminant animals, focusing on enzymes like α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and β-glucosidase, as well as the breakdown products such as starch, maltose, glucose, and more. Explore the changes in enzyme activity during weaning and the digestion of lactose, sucrose, and other carbohydrates.
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