Pregnancy at Risk: CHO Metabolism in Normal Pregnancy
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes chronic hypertension from gestational hypertension?

  • Onset before 20 weeks gestation
  • Prior normotensive state (correct)
  • Persistence beyond 12 weeks postpartum
  • Presence of proteinuria

    • What is the primary goal of BP self-monitoring in the clinical care of the hypertensive patient?

  • To track dietary modifications
  • To monitor medication efficacy (correct)
  • To reduce activity
  • To identify proteinuria

    • What is the most significant risk factor for preeclampsia in a patient with a history of IVF?

  • Family history of preeclampsia
  • IVF itself (correct)
  • Nulliparity
  • Age over 35

    • What is the primary complication of magnesium sulfate use in preeclampsia?

    <p>Postpartum hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism underlying end-organ dysfunction in preeclampsia?

    <p>Endothelial injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of low-risk patients for preeclampsia?

    <p>Prior uncomplicated delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the use of non-stress tests (NSTs) and biophysical profiles (BPPs) in fetal surveillance?

    <p>To assess fetal well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern for the baby in a preeclamptic pregnancy?

    <p>IUGR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of human placental lactogen and prolactin on insulin resistance in the second 20 weeks of pregnancy?

    <p>Increase peripheral resistance to insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of A1C levels in pregnant women with diabetes?

    <p>Less than 9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it recommended to screen for gestational diabetes in pregnant women with average risk?

    <p>At 24-28 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of glucose management during labor in women with diabetes?

    <p>Maintain glucose levels between 70-110 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to assess for anemia in pregnancy?

    <p>Because of the risk of iron deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of preeclampsia?

    <p>Rapid weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of impaired liver function in preeclampsia?

    <p>Release of different mediators causing vasoconstriction and hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of chorioamnionitis?

    <p>Normal flora in the vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary recommendation for preventing influenza and Covid-19 in pregnant women?

    <p>Mask up and get vaccinated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering steroids in the management of preeclampsia?

    <p>To promote fetal lung maturity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern during postpartum management of preeclampsia?

    <p>Monitoring for postpartum hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for newborns of HBsAG+ mothers?

    <p>Hepatitis B vaccine and Hepatitis B immune globulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of HELLP syndrome?

    <p>Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cervical insufficiency?

    <p>Weakness of the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cerclage in cervical insufficiency?

    <p>To support the cervix and prevent painless dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication of preterm labor?

    <p>Systemic maturational deficiencies in the neonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of tocolytics in preterm labor?

    <p>To delay birth by 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage of betamethasone for fetal lung maturity?

    <p>12mg IM, q 24hrx 2 doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk factor for placenta previa?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication of placental abruption?

    <p>Dic and shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of oligohydramnios?

    <p>Less than 500ml amniotic fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main complication of polyhydramnios?

    <p>Preterm birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the management of shoulder dystocia?

    <p>To dislodge the shoulder from behind the pubic bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of shoulder dystocia?

    <p>Fractured clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the McRoberts maneuver in managing shoulder dystocia?

    <p>To flex the thighs back onto the abdomen and push the knees back towards the ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Turtle Sign in shoulder dystocia?

    <p>The fetal head retracts into the maternal perineum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should be called to the room in the event of shoulder dystocia?

    <p>Obstetrician, extra nurses, and neonatal doctor and nurse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of subpubic pressure in managing shoulder dystocia?

    <p>To dislodge the shoulder from behind the pubic bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for identifying macrosomia before labor onset?

    <p>To minimize the risk of shoulder dystocia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Zavanelli maneuver in managing shoulder dystocia?

    <p>To replace the fetal head into the vagina and deliver the baby by emergency cesarean section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor for preterm labor in a patient with multiple gestations?

    <p>Uterine overdistension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern for the fetus in a patient with oligohydramnios?

    <p>Pulmonary hypoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of antepartum care in a patient with multiple gestations?

    <p>To increase caloric intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication of polyhydramnios?

    <p>Preterm birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of tocolytics in preterm labor?

    <p>To delay birth by 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor for placenta previa?

    <p>Prior placenta previa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of precipitous labor?

    <p>Onset of labor to delivery in under 3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the management of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)?

    <p>To monitor for fetal intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of estrogen and progesterone on mom's insulin production in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy?

    <p>Stimulate insulin production and increase tissue response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to screen for gestational diabetes in pregnant women with average risk at 24-28 weeks?

    <p>To prevent hyperglycemia in the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of antepartum management of diabetes in pregnancy?

    <p>To prevent hyperglycemia in the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in the management of chorioamnionitis in labor?

    <p>Preventing maternal sepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for educating pregnant women about influenza and Covid-19?

    <p>To prevent severe illness in the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of postpartum management of diabetes in pregnancy?

    <p>To prevent rebound hypoglycemia in the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for prenatal screening for Hepatitis B in pregnancy?

    <p>To prevent perinatal transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in the management of HIV/AIDS in pregnancy?

    <p>To prevent perinatal transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between chronic hypertension and gestational hypertension in pregnancy?

    <p>New onset of hypertension after 20 weeks gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of high-risk patients for preeclampsia?

    <p>Multifetal pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of widespread vasospasm in preeclampsia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for frequent prenatal visits in the clinical care of the hypertensive patient?

    <p>To monitor for signs of preeclampsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of preeclampsia in the baby?

    <p>IUGR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of routine prenatal blood panel and urinalysis in the clinical care of the hypertensive patient?

    <p>To monitor for signs of preeclampsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of magnesium sulfate in preventing seizures in preeclampsia?

    <p>Increasing the seizure threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a moderate risk factor for preeclampsia?

    <p>Nulliparity and obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of brachial plexus injury in shoulder dystocia?

    <p>Compression of nerves by the pubic bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of recognizing the Turtle Sign in shoulder dystocia?

    <p>To identify the onset of shoulder dystocia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the management of shoulder dystocia?

    <p>To dislodge the shoulder from behind the pubic bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the neonatal doctor and nurse in the management of shoulder dystocia?

    <p>To assess the baby for signs of brachial plexus injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for identifying macrosomia before labor onset?

    <p>To prevent shoulder dystocia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fundal checks in post-delivery nursing care?

    <p>To monitor the mother for signs of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for performing the Zavanelli maneuver in shoulder dystocia?

    <p>To replace the fetal head into the vagina and deliver the baby by emergency cesarean section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the obstetrician in the management of shoulder dystocia?

    <p>To coordinate the care of the mother and baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor for prolapsed umbilical cord?

    <p>Presenting part not firmly against the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common complication of polyhydramnios that increases the risk of prolapsed umbilical cord?

    <p>Gush of extra fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for emergency C-section in a patient with prolapsed umbilical cord?

    <p>Progression to prolonged decelerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of clinical therapy in a patient with prolapsed umbilical cord?

    <p>To maintain upward pressure on the presenting part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication of uterine rupture?

    <p>Pain and hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for emergency C-section in a patient with uterine rupture?

    <p>Loss of fetal station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor for uterine rupture?

    <p>Previous uterine incision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary management of uterine rupture?

    <p>Emergency C-section</p> Signup and view all the answers

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