Pregnancy at Risk: CHO Metabolism in Normal Pregnancy

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes chronic hypertension from gestational hypertension?

  • Onset before 20 weeks gestation
  • Prior normotensive state (correct)
  • Persistence beyond 12 weeks postpartum
  • Presence of proteinuria

What is the primary goal of BP self-monitoring in the clinical care of the hypertensive patient?

  • To track dietary modifications
  • To monitor medication efficacy (correct)
  • To reduce activity
  • To identify proteinuria

What is the most significant risk factor for preeclampsia in a patient with a history of IVF?

  • Family history of preeclampsia
  • IVF itself (correct)
  • Nulliparity
  • Age over 35

What is the primary complication of magnesium sulfate use in preeclampsia?

<p>Postpartum hemorrhage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism underlying end-organ dysfunction in preeclampsia?

<p>Endothelial injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of low-risk patients for preeclampsia?

<p>Prior uncomplicated delivery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the use of non-stress tests (NSTs) and biophysical profiles (BPPs) in fetal surveillance?

<p>To assess fetal well-being (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern for the baby in a preeclamptic pregnancy?

<p>IUGR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of human placental lactogen and prolactin on insulin resistance in the second 20 weeks of pregnancy?

<p>Increase peripheral resistance to insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of A1C levels in pregnant women with diabetes?

<p>Less than 9 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it recommended to screen for gestational diabetes in pregnant women with average risk?

<p>At 24-28 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of glucose management during labor in women with diabetes?

<p>Maintain glucose levels between 70-110 mg/dL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to assess for anemia in pregnancy?

<p>Because of the risk of iron deficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of preeclampsia?

<p>Rapid weight gain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of impaired liver function in preeclampsia?

<p>Release of different mediators causing vasoconstriction and hypoxia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of chorioamnionitis?

<p>Normal flora in the vagina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary recommendation for preventing influenza and Covid-19 in pregnant women?

<p>Mask up and get vaccinated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering steroids in the management of preeclampsia?

<p>To promote fetal lung maturity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern during postpartum management of preeclampsia?

<p>Monitoring for postpartum hemorrhage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for newborns of HBsAG+ mothers?

<p>Hepatitis B vaccine and Hepatitis B immune globulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of HELLP syndrome?

<p>Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cervical insufficiency?

<p>Weakness of the cervix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cerclage in cervical insufficiency?

<p>To support the cervix and prevent painless dilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of preterm labor?

<p>Systemic maturational deficiencies in the neonate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of tocolytics in preterm labor?

<p>To delay birth by 24 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosage of betamethasone for fetal lung maturity?

<p>12mg IM, q 24hrx 2 doses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)?

<p>Infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk factor for placenta previa?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of placental abruption?

<p>Dic and shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of oligohydramnios?

<p>Less than 500ml amniotic fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main complication of polyhydramnios?

<p>Preterm birth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the management of shoulder dystocia?

<p>To dislodge the shoulder from behind the pubic bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of shoulder dystocia?

<p>Fractured clavicle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the McRoberts maneuver in managing shoulder dystocia?

<p>To flex the thighs back onto the abdomen and push the knees back towards the ears (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Turtle Sign in shoulder dystocia?

<p>The fetal head retracts into the maternal perineum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who should be called to the room in the event of shoulder dystocia?

<p>Obstetrician, extra nurses, and neonatal doctor and nurse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of subpubic pressure in managing shoulder dystocia?

<p>To dislodge the shoulder from behind the pubic bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for identifying macrosomia before labor onset?

<p>To minimize the risk of shoulder dystocia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Zavanelli maneuver in managing shoulder dystocia?

<p>To replace the fetal head into the vagina and deliver the baby by emergency cesarean section (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for preterm labor in a patient with multiple gestations?

<p>Uterine overdistension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern for the fetus in a patient with oligohydramnios?

<p>Pulmonary hypoplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of antepartum care in a patient with multiple gestations?

<p>To increase caloric intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of polyhydramnios?

<p>Preterm birth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of tocolytics in preterm labor?

<p>To delay birth by 24 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for placenta previa?

<p>Prior placenta previa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of precipitous labor?

<p>Onset of labor to delivery in under 3 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the management of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)?

<p>To monitor for fetal intolerance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of estrogen and progesterone on mom's insulin production in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy?

<p>Stimulate insulin production and increase tissue response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to screen for gestational diabetes in pregnant women with average risk at 24-28 weeks?

<p>To prevent hyperglycemia in the mother (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of antepartum management of diabetes in pregnancy?

<p>To prevent hyperglycemia in the mother (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in the management of chorioamnionitis in labor?

<p>Preventing maternal sepsis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for educating pregnant women about influenza and Covid-19?

<p>To prevent severe illness in the mother (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of postpartum management of diabetes in pregnancy?

<p>To prevent rebound hypoglycemia in the mother (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for prenatal screening for Hepatitis B in pregnancy?

<p>To prevent perinatal transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in the management of HIV/AIDS in pregnancy?

<p>To prevent perinatal transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between chronic hypertension and gestational hypertension in pregnancy?

<p>New onset of hypertension after 20 weeks gestation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of high-risk patients for preeclampsia?

<p>Multifetal pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of widespread vasospasm in preeclampsia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for frequent prenatal visits in the clinical care of the hypertensive patient?

<p>To monitor for signs of preeclampsia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of preeclampsia in the baby?

<p>IUGR (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of routine prenatal blood panel and urinalysis in the clinical care of the hypertensive patient?

<p>To monitor for signs of preeclampsia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of magnesium sulfate in preventing seizures in preeclampsia?

<p>Increasing the seizure threshold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a moderate risk factor for preeclampsia?

<p>Nulliparity and obesity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of brachial plexus injury in shoulder dystocia?

<p>Compression of nerves by the pubic bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of recognizing the Turtle Sign in shoulder dystocia?

<p>To identify the onset of shoulder dystocia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the management of shoulder dystocia?

<p>To dislodge the shoulder from behind the pubic bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the neonatal doctor and nurse in the management of shoulder dystocia?

<p>To assess the baby for signs of brachial plexus injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for identifying macrosomia before labor onset?

<p>To prevent shoulder dystocia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fundal checks in post-delivery nursing care?

<p>To monitor the mother for signs of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for performing the Zavanelli maneuver in shoulder dystocia?

<p>To replace the fetal head into the vagina and deliver the baby by emergency cesarean section (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the obstetrician in the management of shoulder dystocia?

<p>To coordinate the care of the mother and baby (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for prolapsed umbilical cord?

<p>Presenting part not firmly against the cervix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common complication of polyhydramnios that increases the risk of prolapsed umbilical cord?

<p>Gush of extra fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for emergency C-section in a patient with prolapsed umbilical cord?

<p>Progression to prolonged decelerations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of clinical therapy in a patient with prolapsed umbilical cord?

<p>To maintain upward pressure on the presenting part (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of uterine rupture?

<p>Pain and hemorrhage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for emergency C-section in a patient with uterine rupture?

<p>Loss of fetal station (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for uterine rupture?

<p>Previous uterine incision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary management of uterine rupture?

<p>Emergency C-section (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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