Questions and Answers
What process decomposes sodium chloride to form sodium hydroxide?
What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide?
NaOH
Chlorine gas is produced at the cathode during the chlor-alkali process.
False
What is bleaching powder used for?
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What is the chemical name of baking soda?
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The chemical reaction for baking soda when heated is: 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2. The product is __________________.
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What does the '10H2O' signify in the formula Na2CO3.10H2O?
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Which of the following is a use of washing soda?
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Water of crystallization is the fixed number of water molecules present in one formula unit of a _______.
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What happens to copper sulfate crystals when heated?
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Study Notes
Chlor-Alkali Process
- Electrolysis of brine (aqueous sodium chloride) produces sodium hydroxide (NaOH), chlorine gas (Cl2), and hydrogen gas (H2).
- Reaction: 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g).
- Chlorine gas evolves at the anode while hydrogen gas evolves at the cathode.
- Sodium hydroxide forms near the cathode and is utilized in multiple applications.
Bleaching Powder
- Produced from chlorine gas reacting with dry slaked lime (Ca(OH)2).
- Reaction: Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O.
- Used for:
- Bleaching textiles (cotton and linen).
- Bleaching wood pulp in paper manufacturing.
- Disinfecting drinking water to eliminate germs.
- Acting as an oxidizing agent in chemical industries.
Baking Soda
- Commonly known as sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3).
- Can be produced from sodium chloride, utilized in cooking and for speedier cooking processes.
- Neutralizes acids due to its mild basic properties.
- Decomposes upon heating: 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2.
- Uses include:
- Making baking powder (mix of baking soda and a mild edible acid), which produces carbon dioxide to leaven baked goods.
- Acting as an antacid to relieve stomach acidity.
- Serving in soda-acid fire extinguishers.
Washing Soda
- Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3·10H2O) is known as washing soda and can be derived from sodium chloride.
- Sodium carbonate can be obtained from baking soda through heating and recrystallization.
- Washing soda has multiple industrial applications.
- Uses include:
- Manufacture of glass, soap, and paper.
- Production of sodium compounds like borax.
- Effective cleaning agent for domestic purposes.
- Softening hard water.
Water of Crystallization
- Many salts, such as copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O), contain water of crystallization that gives them their characteristic appearance.
- Heating copper sulfate removes the water, turning it white; rehydrating restores its blue color, indicating the importance of water of crystallization.
- Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) also possesses water of crystallization, showcasing a similar property with two water molecules per formula unit.
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Description
Test your understanding of the chlor-alkali process and the formation of sodium hydroxide from brine. This quiz will cover the chemical reactions and products involved in the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. Learn about the roles of chlorine and hydrogen gases in this essential chemical process.
