Chiropractic Techniques and Reflexes Quiz

A physiotherapy approach that uses corrective gymnastics, mobilizations with movement (MWMs), and sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGS) to treat musculoskeletal dysfunctions.

Joint dysfunction occurs due to positional alterations caused by acute injury or repetitive micro-trauma, leading to pain and limited range of motion. This results in abnormal stress on surrounding tissues.

The Mulligan technique involves mobilizations applied parallel to the facet planes in the spine, typically with the patient in a loaded position.

A combination of accessory movements (therapist-assisted) and active physiological movements (patient-performed) to restore normal joint mechanics.

A key principle of Mulligan is the identification of the "comparable functional sign," a specific movement or position that reproduces the patient's pain. This guides the mobilization strategy.

This acronym helps remember the ideal outcome of Mulligan treatment, highlighting the goal of achieving pain relief, instant results, and lasting improvements.

The "CROCKS" acronym emphasizes important aspects of Mulligan application. These include contraindications, repetitions, overpressure, communication, knowledge, and skill.

The Mulligan technique includes various types, such as NAGS (Natural Apophyseal Glides), Reverse NAGS, and SNAGS (Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides).

A manual therapy technique combining accessory joint mobilization and active patient movement. The goal is to find the right joint glide that allows the patient to move pain-free.

The therapist identifies a pain-free accessory glide that allows for improved movement during the comparable sign.

The patient actively performs the movement that was previously painful or restricted, while the therapist maintains the accessory glide, during multiple sets and repetitions

Repeated evaluations to assess the effectiveness of MWMS on the patient's pain and movement

The therapist must ensure the chosen technique is appropriate and identify the correct spinal segment, treatment plane, and grade of mobilization.

Patients with cognitive impairment, bone fragility, congenital joint disorders, metabolic disorders, fractures or fissures, or who don't want to participate

Immediate effects on pain relief and neurophysiological effects are among the benefits of MWMS.

Incorrect application can lead to pain, and patient participation is required for successful treatment.

A reflex test where the therapist taps on the biceps tendon, causing a reflex contraction of the biceps muscle.

A reflex test where the therapist taps on the triceps tendon just above the elbow, causing a reflex contraction of the triceps muscle.

A reflex test where the therapist taps on the patellar tendon just below the kneecap, causing a reflex contraction of the quadriceps muscle.

A reflex test where the therapist taps on the Achilles tendon just above the heel, causing a reflex contraction of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles.

A neurological test that assesses light touch sensation or the ability to distinguish two points.

Addressing the underlying cause of nerve pain, such as a joint dysfunction, before directly treating the nerve itself.

Assessing and treating any restrictions in joint movement that are contributing to nerve pain.

A specialized set of tests that assess the movement and flexibility of nerves, helping diagnose nerve-related pain.

This approach uses gentle movements to reduce nerve tension, improve blood flow, and decrease inflammation.

A key principle of nerve mobilization is to reduce mechanical forces that are irritating the nerve.

A limitation in the range of motion of a joint that is caused by a restriction in the tissues surrounding the joint.

A manual therapy technique that involves applying a specific force to a joint in order to restore its proper movement.

A type of vertebral manipulation used to treat pain and dysfunction in the lumbar spine.

A type of vertebral manipulation used to treat pain and dysfunction in the cervical spine.

A collection of techniques used to increase joint range of motion and decrease muscle tightness. Includes stretching, articulation, inhibition, and maintained tension.

A technique that uses gentle sustained pressure to help muscles 'give' to increase joint movement.

A type of muscle energy technique that involves actively moving the joint through its range of motion while the therapist provides gentle resistance.

A type of muscle energy technique that involves applying gentle pressure to a muscle while the patient relaxes and breathes.

A condition where the spinal canal, lateral recesses, or foramina in the lumbar region narrow, causing pressure on nerves.

Pain that worsens with movement and is relieved by resting. Common in lumbar stenosis.

A condition that involves an abnormal mobility between vertebrae, leading to instability in the lower back.

A defect in the ossification process of the posterior arch of the vertebrae, leading to a weakened area.

The slipping of one vertebra over another, often caused by spondylolysis.

Caused by a defect in the interarticular part of the vertebrae, commonly due to overuse or repetitive stress.

Lumbar instability caused by degeneration of the joints in the lower back.

Pain in the lower back that often radiates down the leg, may be unilateral or bilateral.

The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) is a sensory nerve that provides sensation to the outer thigh. Compression of this nerve can lead to numbness, tingling, and pain in the lateral thigh. This syndrome is called meralgia paresthetica.

The LFCN is susceptible to compression in several areas, including the retroperineal space, the iliopubic tract (often caused by cycling), and the subcutaneous tissue due to tight clothing or belts.

The deep gluteal space syndrome, also known as piriformis syndrome, involves compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle. This can cause buttock pain, sciatica, and other symptoms.

Nerve entrapment syndromes are caused by compression of a nerve in the lower extremity, leading to pain, tingling, numbness, and loss of function. This compression can occur due to tight muscles, bone spurs, or other structures that narrow the space around the nerve.

A condition characterized by pain, numbness, and weakness in the thigh, leg, and knee due to damage or compression of the femoral nerve.

A group of symptoms caused by compression of the femoral nerve, often related to activities involving prolonged sitting or hip flexion.

A common cause of femoral neuropathy involving compression of the femoral nerve at the inguinal ligament, which can be caused by conditions like obesity, pregnancy, diabetes, or alcoholism.

The femoral nerve is a major nerve in the leg that originates from the lumbar plexus (L2-L4). It provides sensation to the anterior thigh and motor function to the quadriceps muscles.

The obturator nerve, arising from the lumbar plexus (L2-L4), controls the adductor muscles of the thigh, providing sensation to the medial thigh area.

Common peroneal nerve entrapment occurs at the fibula's head, causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the foot and leg.

Deep peroneal nerve entrapment can occur at the anterior tarsal tunnel or foot dorsum, leading to symptoms like foot drop, weakness, and sensory disturbances.

The tibial nerve travels down the back of your leg and controls the muscles in your calf and the sole of your foot. It can be compressed in the popliteal fossa, posterior tarsal tunnel, or other locations.

The sural nerve is a branch of the tibial nerve located on the back of the lower leg. It can be compressed, causing pain and numbness in the outer ankle and foot.

Morton's neuroma is a common condition involving compression of a nerve in the foot, usually between the third and fourth toes, causing burning, tingling, and numbness.

A neurodynamic test for the femoral nerve involves passively stretching the nerve by extending the knee and flexing the hip. Pain or tingling in the anterior thigh suggests positive test results.

To assess for obturator nerve entrapment, the hip is rotated externally and abducted, which can increase pain and tension. This test assesses the nerve's elasticity and potential compression.

Palpating the obturator channel, which is located in the inner thigh near the groin, may reveal tenderness or swelling, suggesting compression of the obturator nerve.

The straight leg raise test is used to assess the integrity of the peroneal nerve. Pain or tingling in the lower leg and foot during the test can indicate nerve compression.

The posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome is characterized by pain and numbness in the heel and sole of the foot due to compression of the tibial nerve within the posterior tarsal tunnel.

The sural nerve can be palpated on the back of the lower leg, near the outer ankle. Tenderness or pain during palpation can indicate nerve compression.

The triple compression test for posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome involves applying pressure to the tibial nerve in three areas, including the calf, ankle, and foot, to assess for pain and tenderness.

Physical examination is essential for diagnosing nerve entrapment syndromes, including assessment of sensation, motor function, reflexes, and palpation of the affected nerves.

A condition where the nerves in the neck are compressed, often due to a herniated disc, bone spurs, or narrowing of the spinal canal, causing pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arm and hand.

Characterized by pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness that follows a specific pattern along the affected nerve root, often radiating down the arm and into the hand.

Indicates that the pain is only present on one side of the body, often along the affected arm and shoulder.

A test where the patient's neck is extended backward and rotated to one side while pressure is applied to the head. A positive test indicates pain radiating into the arm, suggesting nerve root compression.

Muscle weakness and decreased reflexes that correspond to the affected nerve root, indicating possible nerve damage or compression.

Determines the extent of the pain, whether it's constant, intermittent, or triggered by certain movements, and its impact on daily activities.

A common medical term that refers to compression and/or irritation affecting multiple nerves in the same area, potentially worsening symptoms.

A common cause of cervical radiculopathy, particularly in older individuals, where the spaces around the nerve roots narrow due to wear and tear on the spine.

A condition where a portion of the intervertebral disc protrudes outward, pressing on the nerve root.

The Maitland Concept is a physiotherapy approach that emphasizes a thorough understanding of the patient's condition, using hands-on techniques to restore joint movement and promote function. It relies on a 'semipermeable brick wall' model, where the therapist assesses and treats the patient's clinical picture while acknowledging the limitations of our knowledge about underlying pathologies.

The 'semipermeable brick wall' model divides knowledge into two distinct categories - the 'theoretical side,' where we have knowledge about anatomy and physiology, and the 'clinical side', which includes patient history, symptoms, and signs. The therapist utilizes this model to make informed hypotheses about the patient's problem and guide their treatment.

The Maitland Concept emphasizes a thorough and evidence-based approach to examination. It includes interrogation (gathering patient history), inspection (observing posture and movement), active movements (assessing the patient's range of motion), and a variety of other tests to assess neurological function, stability, and pain patterns.

The Maitland Concept uses a variety of manual techniques to address joint dysfunction, including passive movements like PAIVMs (Passive Accessory Intervertebral Mobilization), PPIVMs (Passive Physiological Intervertebral Mobilization), oscillations, and nerve mobilizations. These techniques aim to restore joint movement, reduce pain, and improve function.

The Maitland Concept emphasizes the therapist's role in guiding the patient towards their own recovery and well-being. This includes clear communication, shared decision-making, and educating the patient about their condition and treatment plan. The therapist actively involves the patient in the healing process.

A pain that originates from the nerves, often caused by pressure on the nerve root, and is characterized by a burning, tingling, or shooting sensation.

Pain that stems from activation of nociceptors, which are specialized sensory receptors that respond to painful stimuli.

A type of pain that is caused by changes in the nervous system, often without a clear source of damage.

A condition where a portion of the intervertebral disc bulges outward, pressing on the nerve root.

The ICF model helps us understand disability. It incorporates the patient's subjective experience of their illness, which is essential because it shows how the problem impacts their life and needs to be documented in their own words.

This is the primary complaint the patient presents with. It includes details like the symptom type, its location, character, and severity.

These are factors that could potentially increase the risk of harm or negative outcomes during manual therapy. Identifying them helps us make informed decisions about patient care.

This is a detailed assessment of the patient's symptoms, including their frequency, intensity, location, and how they relate to other areas.

These are precautions and contraindications specific to the patient, ensuring safe and effective manual therapy treatment.

Pain at the sides of the ribs caused by irritation and compression of the intercostal nerve. It's most common in the middle rib levels.

A condition where a painful, blistering rash appears on the skin. It's caused by the reactivation of the chickenpox virus.

A serious complication of Herpes Zoster that can cause severe and persistent pain.

A symptom of Intercostal Neuralgia that involves pain with light touch. It's like the skin is abnormally sensitive.

A sign of Intercostal Neuralgia where the patient bends their body towards the affected side. It's named after the doctor who described it.

Visceral pain is a type of pain that originates from internal organs. It can be difficult to diagnose due to its diffuse and poorly localized nature.

Visceral pain can result from problems like loss of mobility in visceral fasciae, adhesions, scar tissue, visceral spasms, circulatory injury, or nerve involvement.

Visceral pain can be associated with a number of different symptoms, such as fever, chills, general malaise, headache, joint pain, and swollen lymph nodes.

Visceral pain can be caused by various localized pathologies such as cardiac, pulmonary, or genitourinary issues. It can also be triggered by food habits or intolerances, related to bowel or bladder fullness, and associated with urination or defecation.

Visceral pain can be treated with a variety of modalities, including medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.