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Questions and Answers
What defines a push factor in the context of migration?
What defines a push factor in the context of migration?
- Government incentives to encourage population growth
- Natural resources that promote settlement in an area
- A favorable condition that attracts individuals to a new location
- A reason or condition that drives people away from their home country (correct)
Which of the following best describes a population pyramid's broad base?
Which of the following best describes a population pyramid's broad base?
- A reflection of an ageing population with fewer young individuals
- A sign of a population that is experiencing significant emigration
- An indication of a stable population with equal age distribution
- An indication of a growing population with many younger people (correct)
What does the term 'urban area' refer to?
What does the term 'urban area' refer to?
- A remote place devoid of significant human infrastructure
- A city or town characterized by high population density (correct)
- A region with low population density and open spaces
- An area primarily reliant on agriculture and natural landscapes
Which of the following characterizes pronatal policies?
Which of the following characterizes pronatal policies?
Which income category includes countries with a GNI per capita between $1,146 and $4,515?
Which income category includes countries with a GNI per capita between $1,146 and $4,515?
What was the primary objective of China's One-Child Policy introduced in 1980?
What was the primary objective of China's One-Child Policy introduced in 1980?
Which problem was NOT a consequence of the One-Child Policy in China?
Which problem was NOT a consequence of the One-Child Policy in China?
Why is the availability of freshwater critical for sustaining a population?
Why is the availability of freshwater critical for sustaining a population?
What role does proximity to the coastline play in population survival?
What role does proximity to the coastline play in population survival?
How does the shape of the land influence population density?
How does the shape of the land influence population density?
Which statement correctly defines population density?
Which statement correctly defines population density?
What can be considered a human factor affecting population density?
What can be considered a human factor affecting population density?
What characterizes densely populated areas?
What characterizes densely populated areas?
Which factor is least likely to affect population distribution?
Which factor is least likely to affect population distribution?
Which factor could most negatively impact a population's ability to survive in an area?
Which factor could most negatively impact a population's ability to survive in an area?
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Study Notes
China's One-Child Policy
- Introduced in 1980
- Limited most families to one child
- Aimed to control population growth
- Slowed down population increases but led to problems like gender imbalances, an ageing population, and a shrinking workforce
- Ended in 2015, allowing families to have two, and later three, children
Population Density
- The amount of people living in an area of land per km².
- Calculated by dividing total population by total land area.
- Influenced by factors like water supply, climate, relief (shape of the land), vegetation, soils, availability of natural resources and energy, and social, political, and economic factors.
Factors Affecting Population Density
- Availability of Freshwater: Essential for drinking, sanitation, and farming. Areas with abundant freshwater can sustain larger populations.
- Communications (Roads, Railways, Airports): Vital for moving people and goods. Efficient transportation helps access resources, markets, and job opportunities.
- Proximity to the Coastline: Provides access to marine resources and trade routes. Economic activities like fishing and tourism thrive in coastal regions.
- Cities and Their Opportunities: Offer better access to jobs, education, and healthcare. Urban areas typically attract people seeking improved living standards.
- The Shape (Relief) of the Land: Flat or gently sloping land is easier to farm and build on. Terrain affects infrastructure development and industry types.
Population Distribution
- Where people are living and how spread out or close together they are.
- Densely populated areas have many people in a small area.
- Sparsely populated areas have few people in a large area.
- Sparsely inhabited areas often face challenges due to harsh climates or limited resources.
- Habitable environments, such as Western Europe and the United States' East Coast, have favorable climates, flat relief, and an abundance of natural resources.
Push and Pull Factors
- Push factor: A reason or condition that drives people to leave their home country.
- Pull factor: A factor that attracts individuals to migrate to a certain place.
- Immigration: People moving to a country.
- Emigration: People moving out of a country.
Urban and Rural Areas
- Urban areas: Cities or towns with high population density and vast human features.
- Rural areas: Countryside with low population density and more open space.
Antenatal and Pronatal Policies
- Antenatal policies: Programs to support pregnant women before birth, focusing on health and well-being.
- Pronatal policies: Strategies to encourage more births by the government.
Population Pyramid
- A chart that shows the age and gender distribution of a population.
- A broad base with many younger people indicates a growing population.
- A narrow base with more older people typically reflects an ageing population.
Income Levels
- Low-Income Countries: GNI per capita of $1,145 or less.
- Lower-Middle-Income Countries: GNI per capita between 1,146and1,146 and 1,146and4,515.
- Upper-Middle-Income Countries: GNI per capita between 4,516and4,516 and 4,516and14,005.
- High-Income Countries: GNI per capita of $14,006 or more.
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