China and Japan at War

Leader of China's Nationalist government focusing on fighting Communists and Japanese invasion.

Chairman of the People's Republic of China and leader of the CCP from 1935 until his death.

Mao's campaign aimed at rapid industrialization that led to widespread famine.

Mao's sociopolitical movement that caused chaos and persecution in China during the 1960s.

Political party in China founded in 1921, led by Mao Zedong.

Communist International organization aimed at directing worldwide revolution, established in Moscow.

1926 campaign led by Chiang Kai-shek to unify China against warlords and imperialists.

Temporary partnership between the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang in the 1920s to combat warlords.

The belief that a strong military is essential for a nation's success, influencing government and society.

Japan modernized its military under Meiji nationalism and became highly militaristic in the 1930s.

A period in China (1916-1928) when military leaders controlled regions with their armies instead of a central government.

Father of the Republic of China, led the KMT and pursued Nationalism to modernize China.

The Nationalist Party of China founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1912, aimed to strengthen China and expel foreigners.

The establishment of a military-led government under Mao Zedong after China's civil war.

Warlords taxed peasants heavily and treated them harshly, leading to increased suffering among the populace.

The alliance between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Kuomintang (KMT) before 1927 ended due to mutual distrust and conflict.

The violent crackdown by KMT on communists and workers in Shanghai on April 12, 1927, leading to the end of CCP-KMT collaboration.

A strategic retreat conducted by the CCP from 1934 to 1936, spanning 8,000 miles amidst KMT attacks.

The period from 1928 to 1945 when Chiang united China but struggled to modernize it.

The inability of the KMT to develop a modern China was due to insufficient funding, social unrest, and external pressures.

The economic downturn beginning in 1929 that severely affected KMT's ability to fund infrastructure and governance.

Only about 7,000 of the original force survived the Long March, showcasing the harsh conditions faced.

A puppet state established by Japan in Manchuria, ruled by the last Qing emperor, Puyi.

A staged event by Japan used as a justification for invading Manchuria in 1931.

A 1937 confrontation between Japanese and Chinese troops that escalated into full conflict.

A massacre committed by Japanese troops in Nanking in December 1937, resulting in significant civilian deaths.

A Japanese individual who experienced military discipline in the 1930s and recalls wartime mindset.

Another figure from 1930s Japan who accepted his fate as a soldier without doubt.

Japan’s territorial encroachment during the early 20th century, particularly in Manchuria and northern China.

Women forced into sexual slavery by Japanese military during wartime.

Facilities where comfort women provided sexual services to soldiers.

Japanese term for comfort women used during wartime.

Term referring to comfort women as those joining the army.

Promoter of comfort stations for the Japanese army.

A comfort woman who shared her harrowing experiences.

Conflict that intensified the establishment of comfort stations.

Location bombed by Japan on December 7, 1941, provoking US into WWII.

The act of blasting the Yellow River dykes by Chiang's troops in 1938, causing significant civilian casualties.

Japanese military policy during WWII aimed at eliminating Chinese resistance through widespread destruction.

Conflict from 1937 to 1945 between China and Japan as part of WWII, characterized by brutal fighting and atrocities.

Japan's expansionist military strategies, particularly their invasion of Manchuria and previous aggressions toward China.

The strong sense of national pride and unity among Chinese factions like the KMT and CCP, especially during wartime.

Manchukuo, a puppet state established by Japan in Manchuria as part of their expansionist policies.