Childhood Development - Preschool Stage
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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate weight increase for school-age children per year before puberty?

  • 10-12 lb/year
  • 3-5 lb/year
  • 5-7 lb/year (correct)
  • 2-4 lb/year
  • At what age does myelinization of the brain reach completion?

  • By age 8
  • By age 7 (correct)
  • By age 6
  • By age 5
  • Which stage of development is characterized by children learning to handle complex sentences and applying grammar?

  • Infancy
  • Adolescence
  • Preschool
  • School-age (correct)
  • What is a common psychosocial concern for school-age children regarding their body?

    <p>Concern regarding body mutilation/alterations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected vocabulary expansion for children by age 6 to 7?

    <p>2000 words (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant health threat to school-age children?

    <p>Burns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cognitive stage do children begin to understand the concepts of past, present, and future?

    <p>Concrete operational stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does peer interaction influence social development during school-age years?

    <p>Facilitates cooperation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is a typical physical development milestone for preschoolers?

    <p>Riding a tricycle with speed and dexterity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major psychosocial characteristic seen in preschoolers?

    <p>Desire to please parents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does puberty typically begin for males?

    <p>10-13 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes females during puberty?

    <p>Most will undergo a growth spurt before their first menstrual period. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive ability begins to develop during middle adolescence?

    <p>Abstract thinking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant task for adolescents in terms of psychosocial development?

    <p>Development of identity and self-esteem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes to adolescents' self-concept?

    <p>Parents, peers, teachers, and others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major health concern arises from risky driving among adolescents?

    <p>Car accidents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional effect do close relationships have on adolescents?

    <p>They help foster a sense of belonging. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What requirement increases for adolescents regarding nutrition?

    <p>Increased caloric &amp; protein requirements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes adolescent smoking behaviors?

    <p>Tobacco use has decreased, but electronic cigarettes have increased. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is education about puberty important for adolescents?

    <p>To prepare adolescents before they experience puberty changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    School-age safety

    Children in school need safety education, about cars, bikes, harmful substances (drugs, alcohol, smoking), and water safety.

    Male puberty timing

    Puberty in boys typically starts between the ages of 10 and 13, with physical changes like wider shoulders, muscle growth, deeper voice, and increased body hair.

    Female puberty timing

    Girls typically experience puberty 6 months to 2 years before boys, with growth spurts and secondary sex characteristics developing before menstruation.

    Adolescence thinking

    Adolescents move from concrete to abstract thinking. They start to use reasoning and imagine possibilities.

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    Teenage Self-Concept

    Teenagers develop a sense of self. This sense of self can change as they experience new things and discover who they are.

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    Peer group's importance

    Teenagers rely on peers to understand societal norms and expectations.

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    Adolescent Health - Nutrition

    Teens need more calories and protein due to growth spurts. They should eat frequent meals and manage dietary needs.

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    Adolescent Car Safety

    Car accidents are a major risk for teens. Risky driving behaviors increase this risk.

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    Electronic Cigarette use

    Electronic cigarette use has increased in teens, contrasting with a decreasing rate of conventional smoking.

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    Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention

    Education is crucial to help teens avoid unplanned pregnancies and to provide support.

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    Preschool Physical Growth

    Preschoolers double their weight from infancy, have improved vision and muscle control, and start to lose baby teeth. They can ride tricycles, jump, and use tools like hammers.

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    Preschool Cognitive Development

    Preschoolers understand time, their name, address, days of the week, and gender. They develop a logical understanding of right and wrong. Imaginary friends are common.

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    Preschool Emotional Development

    Preschoolers desire parental approval but might show temper tantrums, mood swings, and growing awareness of the world beyond themselves.

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    Preschool Language Development

    Preschoolers' vocabularies grow to 2000 words, and they can use longer sentences (six to eight words) with correct pronouns.

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    Preschool Safety Hazards

    Preschool-age children are vulnerable to accidents, including falls, car accidents, bicycle accidents, burns, and poisoning. Stranger danger is a significant concern.

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    School-Age Physical Growth

    Growth is slower, but a growth spurt happens before puberty. Permanent teeth replace baby teeth, muscle coordination improves, and the brain reaches adult size.

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    School-Age Cognitive Development

    School-age children master concrete logic and thinking. They understand they are not always right and learn complex grammar.

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    School-Age Emotional/Social Development

    School-age children want to create things, are competitive, and are concerned with body image. They play in groups, often same-sexed.

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    Changes in Vocabulary

    Vocabulary significantly expands during preschool (2000 words) and school age (3000+ words).

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    Growth Spurt

    A period during childhood where there's a rapid increase in size, usually just before puberty.

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    Study Notes

    Childhood Development

    • Objectives:
      • Describe normal growth and development (physical, cognitive, psychosocial) from preschool to adolescence.
      • Discuss health risks, concerns, promotion, and maintenance from preschool to adolescence.
      • Identify appropriate health teaching regarding safety concerns for parents of children in these stages.

    Preschool - Physical Development

    • Weight typically doubles by age 5.
    • Growth is generally slower overall.
    • Visual acuity improves.
    • All primary teeth usually erupt.
    • Good muscle control develops, allowing for vigorous play.
    • At the end of preschool, children can ride tricycles with dexterity, jump multiple steps, and use tools like hammers.

    Preschool - Cognitive/Social/Language Development

    • Understands time in relation to activities.
    • Knows name, address, days of the week, and gender.
    • Has a 30-minute attention span.
    • Thinks logically, categorizes behaviours as right or wrong.
    • Understands the concept of past, present, and future.
    • Imaginary friends are common.

    Preschool - Emotion/Language

    • Desires to please parents.
    • May experience temper tantrums and mood swings.
    • Increasing awareness of the outside world, exhibiting less egocentrism.
    • Vocabulary expands to approximately 2000 words by age 5.
    • Can use six to eight-word sentences.

    Preschool - Safety/Health Threats

    • Accidents remain a significant threat, including falls.
    • Automobile, bicycle, and general safety are crucial.
    • Burns and poisoning are risks.
    • Stranger danger needs attention.

    School-age - Physical Development

    • Growth is slow until the pre-puberty growth spurt (approximately 5-7 lb/year).
    • Brain reaches adult size, and myelinization is complete by age 7.
    • Primary teeth are lost, and permanent teeth emerge by age 12.
    • Muscle coordination (fine and gross motor) improves.
    • Growth spurts occur with increased caloric needs.
    • Skeletal growth sometimes outpaces muscle growth.
    • Puberty hormones start influencing development.
    • Appetite fluctuates.
    • Breakfast may be neglected.

    School-age - Cognitive

    • Concrete operations are mastered, leading to logical and concrete thinking.
    • Egocentrism decreases.
    • Grammar is learned and applied to express emotions and thoughts.
    • Vocabulary expands to around 3000 or more words.
    • Complex sentence structures are used.

    School-age - Emotional/Social

    • Desire to do and create things; competitive tendencies.
    • Body image concerns and potential for body mutilation/alterations.
    • Might exhibit nervous habits.
    • Mostly same-gender playgroups emerge (beginning around age 8).
    • Enjoy a wide range of games and activities.

    School-age - Safety/Health

    • Progressive sex education is important.
    • Traffic and car safety need ongoing monitoring.
    • Friend influences need to be monitored.
    • Bike safety must be taught and enforced.
    • Parents need to educate and exemplify safe behaviors regarding substances (drugs, alcohol, and smoking).
    • Water safety and supervision remain crucial.

    Adolescence - Physical Development (Male)

    • Puberty begins between ages 10-13.
    • Shoulders broaden, muscles enlarge, and voice deepens.
    • Hair growth occurs on face, chest, armpits, and groin.
    • Development and growth of the testicles occur.
    • Final growth spurt usually by age 18.

    Adolescence - Physical Development (Female)

    • Puberty typically begins 6 months to 2 years before males.
    • Growth spurt usually occurs around this time.
    • Secondary sex characteristics become more apparent before the first menstrual period.
    • Fat deposition occurs in hips, thighs, and breasts.
    • Development of external genitals, and pubic hair.
    • Cultural and religious beliefs influence attitudes and adjustment to this stage.
    • Education regarding puberty and related developments is important.

    Adolescence - Cognitive Development

    • Concrete thinking is typical earlier in adolescence.
    • Abstract thinking emerges in middle adolescence, leading to daydreams and fantasies.
    • Deductive and inductive reasoning begin to develop.
    • Multiple viewpoints and imagined possibilities become apparent later in adolescence.
    • Idealistic thinking can be common.

    Adolescence - Psychosocial/Emotional Development

    • Self-concept fluctuates during this time.
    • Parents, peers, and others influence self-concept and self-esteem.
    • Developing an identity and building self-esteem are key tasks.
    • Intimate relationships contribute to self-identity and belonging.
    • Peer groups provide a sense of normality.
    • Family support and interactions become crucial.

    Adolescence - Health & Safety

    • Increased caloric and protein requirements need to be met routinely with multiple meals and healthier choices (less snacking and processed foods).
    • Frequent bathing, deodorant, and hygiene products should be integrated into daily routines.
    • Car safety is the leading concern.
    • Risky driving behaviors should be monitored.
    • Sports injuries can result from strength-based activities and the desire to perform in a way commensurate with peers; medical clearance is advisable.

    Adolescents - Overall Wellness

    • Tobacco use has decreased, but vaping has increased 150%.
    • Drugs are widely available.
    • Adolescent pregnancy prevention requires educational outreach.
    • Accurate and helpful sex education is vital for teenagers.
    • Information on STIs is critical for understanding risks and potential health concerns.
    • Education on expected changes during puberty is crucial for emotional and psychological health.

    Statement on Risky Play (Canadian Pediatrics Society)

    • "Risky play" is defined as exciting free play, involving uncertainty of outcomes and potential injury.
    • Crucial for development and related to children's developmental stages, abilities, social skills, and needs.
    • Research shows it helps prevent issues like obesity, anxiety, and behavioral problems.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of children from preschool to adolescence. It focuses on growth milestones, health risks, and safety concerns for parents. Test your knowledge on normal growth patterns and health promotion strategies for preschool-aged children.

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