Child Development Theories Review
31 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Operant Conditioning?

  • Analyzing how internal thoughts and feelings influence actions.
  • Studying how the consequences of behaviors affect their likelihood of occurring again. (correct)
  • Understanding the role of genetics in shaping behavior.
  • Exploring the impact of social interactions on individual development.

    • In the context of operant conditioning, what is "positive reinforcement"?

  • Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior.
  • A consequence that introduces a pleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior. (correct)
  • Removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.
  • Introducing an unpleasant stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.

    • Which of the following is the best example of "positive reinforcement" in the provided content?

  • Miranda's mother giving her chocolate milk and a cookie to stop her crying. (correct)
  • Jeremy's father telling him to go and play or “get lost” when Jeremy tried to engage him.
  • Miranda's mother turning off the TV, which led to Miranda throwing a tantrum.
  • Jeremy's father visiting him once a week, initially leading to Jeremy's attempts to engage him.

    • Based on Operant Conditioning, what is the most likely outcome if Jeremy continues to receive negative responses from his father during visits?

    <p>Jeremy will gradually stop trying to engage with his father during visits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between positive reinforcement and punishment?

    <p>Punishment focuses on adding something to decrease a behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The quote by Cole, Cole, and Lightfoot (2005) suggests that:

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to B.F. Skinner, what does "positive reinforcement" refer to?

    <p>The process of rewarding a behavior to increase its occurrence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the content provided, what is a plausible application of Operant Conditioning in a social context?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes classical conditioning?

    <p>Learning through associating a neutral stimulus with a response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which researcher is primarily associated with classical conditioning?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do learning theorists generally view the process of learning?

    <p>As dependent on conditioning through environmental interactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of learning theories, what does social learning theory emphasize?

    <p>Learning through observation and imitation of others. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept describes the ability to learn by observing others?

    <p>Vicarious learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to social cognitive theory, which factor is NOT involved in shaping behavior?

    <p>Genetics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is self-efficacy primarily related to?

    <p>The belief in one's own abilities to succeed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors increases the likelihood of children imitating someone?

    <p>Desire to fit into a group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary critique Bandura had regarding traditional learning theories?

    <p>They underestimated the role of social relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of reinforcement on future behavior according to Skinner?

    <p>It increases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is partial reinforcement considered beneficial according to learning theorists?

    <p>It teaches children that behaviors will occasionally be rewarded. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential negative effect of using punishment as a behavior modification technique?

    <p>It may lead to an increase in undesirable behaviors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is typically observed when undesirable behavior is ignored?

    <p>The behavior will likely increase due to lack of attention. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of reinforcing desirable behaviors?

    <p>To encourage future occurrences of the desired behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main principle behind associative learning?

    <p>Emotional responses can be conditioned through stimuli. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes John Watson's application of Pavlov's theories?

    <p>Conditioning emotional reactions in child behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Pavlov's experiment, what was the bell associated with?

    <p>Food, which was pleasurable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Watson's' experiment differ from Pavlov's?

    <p>Watson focused on classical conditioning of negative emotions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect do learning theorists particularly investigate?

    <p>Pleasant and unpleasant experiences relation to behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key difference between classical and operant conditioning?

    <p>Classical conditioning focuses on involuntary responses linked to stimuli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios best represents operant conditioning?

    <p>A dog learns to sit when given a treat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a response that might be classically conditioned?

    <p>Feeling happy when hearing a favorite song. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Child Development Theories Review

    • Last class reviewed Freud's 5 psychosexual stages and Erikson's 8 psychosocial stages of development
    • Outcome 3: Discuss child development from psychodynamic, learning, cognitive-developmental, biological, and contextual perspectives

    Learning Theories

    • Conditioning is central to learning, according to some theorists
    • Learning involves reacting to environmental conditions—pleasing, painful, or threatening
    • Two types of conditioning: classical and operant

    Classical Conditioning

    • Learning occurs through associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to generate a conditioned response
    • Example: Pavlov's dog experiment—a bell (neutral stimulus) paired with food (unconditioned stimulus) eventually caused the dog to salivate (conditioned response) just at the sound of the bell

    Classical Conditioning - Key Points

    • Behaviors can be learned by associating them with pleasurable or unpleasant experiences
    • In Pavlov's experiment, the bell was associated with food (pleasurable)
    • In Watson's experiment, a white rat was associated with a loud noise (unpleasant)

    The Little Albert Experiment

    • John Watson furthered Pavlov's work by demonstrating classical conditioning in humans
    • A child (Little Albert) was conditioned to fear a white rat by pairing it with a loud noise

    Operant Conditioning

    • B.F. Skinner's theory focused on consequences of behaviour
    • Positive reinforcement increases likelihood of a behaviour by adding a stimulus
    • Negative reinforcement increases likelihood of a behaviour by removing a stimulus
    • Punishment decreases likelihood of a behaviour by adding or removing a stimulus

    Operant Conditioning - Key Points

    • Behaviors are learned based on consequences
    • Rewards increase desired behaviours; punishment decreases undesired ones
    • Learning theorists are interested in how pleasant and unpleasant events shape associations

    Partial Reinforcement

    • Reinforcing a behaviour sometimes, not consistently, can make it more persistent
    • Children need to learn sometimes their behaviours will not be rewarded
    • We don't want to create "praise junkies"

    Avoiding Punishment

    • Punishment can actually increase undesirable behaviours in some cases, rather than minimizing or eliminating them

    Social Cognitive Theory

    • Albert Bandura critiqued learning theories for not acknowledging the importance of social relationships.
    • Environment, behaviour, and cognition all play a role in shaping personality
    • Learning can occur by watching others (observational learning); people are more likely to imitate those they admire or want to fit into a group
    • Children learn specific behaviours when they see positive reinforcement

    Self-Efficacy

    • The belief in one's own abilities is key
    • Experiences shape our sense of self-efficacy; these beliefs shape behaviour and imitation from others.

    Review/Assignments

    • Read Chapter 1
    • Prepare for Quiz 2
    • Consult the librarian (Jacob Fehr) during the Thursday session for research assistance

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Child Development Theories PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts from Child Development theories, focusing on Freud's psychosexual stages and Erikson's psychosocial stages. Additionally, it delves into learning theories such as classical and operant conditioning. Test your understanding of how these theories explain behavioral learning and child development.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser