Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does child development encompass?
What does child development encompass?
- Learning exclusively through formal education.
- Observable growth and measurable changes. (correct)
- Only biological changes related to genetics.
- Changes limited to adulthood.
Which of the following is NOT a domain of development?
Which of the following is NOT a domain of development?
- Social development (correct)
- Socio-emotional development
- Physical development
- Cognitive development
How do behaviourists primarily view the process of development?
How do behaviourists primarily view the process of development?
- As a solitary process requiring individual introspection.
- As influenced primarily by observable behaviors. (correct)
- As a sequence of genetic milestones.
- As dictated solely by cognitive processes.
What is an example of operant conditioning?
What is an example of operant conditioning?
What does cognitive development include?
What does cognitive development include?
What is a characteristic of classical conditioning?
What is a characteristic of classical conditioning?
According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, children adapt to their environment through which process?
According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, children adapt to their environment through which process?
Which of the following best defines socio-emotional development?
Which of the following best defines socio-emotional development?
What is the primary focus of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
What is the primary focus of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
In which stage of Piaget's cognitive development does a child begin to think logically and develop higher order thinking skills?
In which stage of Piaget's cognitive development does a child begin to think logically and develop higher order thinking skills?
What concept did Vygotsky introduce to describe the distance between a child's current cognitive ability and their potential development?
What concept did Vygotsky introduce to describe the distance between a child's current cognitive ability and their potential development?
How does Vygotsky view the role of play in children's development?
How does Vygotsky view the role of play in children's development?
Which theorist emphasized the importance of resolving conflicts in earlier developmental stages for later success?
Which theorist emphasized the importance of resolving conflicts in earlier developmental stages for later success?
What does Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Theory focus on?
What does Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Theory focus on?
What is NOT a factor mentioned that influences children's life experiences according to ecological theories?
What is NOT a factor mentioned that influences children's life experiences according to ecological theories?
In which period of cognitive development do children primarily learn through their senses and physical interactions?
In which period of cognitive development do children primarily learn through their senses and physical interactions?
Flashcards
Child Development
Child Development
The study of changes in children from conception to adulthood, including growth, maturation, and learning.
Physical Development
Physical Development
Changes in body size, proportions, and the development of motor skills (gross and fine).
Cognitive Development
Cognitive Development
The development of intellectual processes such as attention, memory, knowledge, problem-solving, language, and communication.
Socio-emotional Development
Socio-emotional Development
Development of social skills, expressing emotions, forming attachments, and building self-esteem.
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Behavioral Perspective
Behavioral Perspective
A view of development as shaped by environmental factors, focusing on observable behaviors rather than internal thought processes.
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Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Learning through associating a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that naturally triggers a response.
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Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Learning through reinforcement (increases desired behavior) and punishment (decreases unwanted behavior).
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Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
A theory focusing on how children adapt to their environment through stages of intellectual development.
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Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Four stages through which children's thinking develops, from sensorimotor to formal operational.
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Sensorimotor Stage
Sensorimotor Stage
First stage (birth-2 years); learning through senses and movement.
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Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
Social and cultural environment impacts cognitive development, learning through interaction.
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Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Difference between a child's current skill level and what they can achieve with guidance.
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Ecological Approach
Ecological Approach
Child development is influenced by the environment, such as family factors.
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Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory
Model that demonstrates the contexts within which child development takes place.
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Microsystem
Microsystem
Immediate environment surrounding the child, including family members and caregivers.
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Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
Development as a passage through stages, each with specific goals and challenges, focused on emotional and social growth.
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Child Development Overview
- Child development studies changes from conception to adulthood, encompassing growth, maturation (biological), and learning (environmental influence).
Domains of Development
- Development encompasses distinct domains:
- Physical: Body size, proportions, motor skills (gross & fine).
- Cognitive: Intellectual processes like attention, memory, knowledge, problem-solving, language, and communication.
- Socio-emotional: Social skills, emotional expression, attachment, self-esteem, and self-confidence.
Theoretical Approaches to Child Development
Behaviorist Perspective
- Views development as environmentally shaped.
- Focuses on observable actions and behaviors.
- Learning theories emphasize environmental factors:
- Classical conditioning: Associating a neutral stimulus with a response-inducing stimulus.
- Operant conditioning: Learning through reinforcement (positive behaviors) and punishment (negative behaviors).
Cognitive Approach (Piaget)
- Children actively adapt to their environment.
- Cognitive development progresses through four stages:
- Sensorimotor (Birth-2 years): Experience through senses and movement.
- Preoperational (2-7 years): Acquiring motor skills for environmental interaction.
- Concrete operational (7-11 years): Logical thinking, enhanced cognitive & motor skills.
- Formal operational (Above 11 years): Abstract reasoning, problem-solving.
Sociocultural Theory (Vygotsky & Erikson)
- Vygotsky: Social and cultural environment impacts cognitive development.
- Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): Difference between current and potential development through interaction.
- Play is essential.
- Language and cognitive development are intertwined.
- Erikson: Emphasized emotionally stable family life, self-emergence, relationships, and culture's role throughout life.
- Development progresses through stages with goals, challenges, and achievements.
Ecological Approach
- Focuses on environmental influences on child development.
- Cultural factors (e.g., family socioeconomic status, single-parent families, divorce) affect experiences and development.
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory
- This model emphasizes the context of child development. (Note: The text only mentions the model and lists the systems, but did not explain the systems in detail)
- Microsystem.
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