Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following factors is NOT considered a component of resilience?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered a component of resilience?
- Warm parental relationship
- Personal characteristics
- Financial wealth (correct)
- Social support outside family
Biological age refers to the years a person has lived since birth.
Biological age refers to the years a person has lived since birth.
False (B)
What is the term for the period from conception to birth?
What is the term for the period from conception to birth?
Prenatal period
The ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development is known as __________.
The ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development is known as __________.
Match the periods of development with their corresponding age ranges:
Match the periods of development with their corresponding age ranges:
Which type of age is directly associated with an individual's social connections?
Which type of age is directly associated with an individual's social connections?
What combination of chromosomes results in a genetically male child?
What combination of chromosomes results in a genetically male child?
Mutations in DNA sequences always lead to genetic disorders.
Mutations in DNA sequences always lead to genetic disorders.
What is the duration of the germinal stage of prenatal development?
What is the duration of the germinal stage of prenatal development?
The ____ stage of prenatal development spans from approximately the ninth week until birth.
The ____ stage of prenatal development spans from approximately the ninth week until birth.
Which of the following organs begins to form during the embryonic stage?
Which of the following organs begins to form during the embryonic stage?
Match the stages of prenatal development with their key events:
Match the stages of prenatal development with their key events:
The fetal stage is crucial for the development of body systems.
The fetal stage is crucial for the development of body systems.
What external factors can lead to genetic mutations?
What external factors can lead to genetic mutations?
What is the benefit of non-invasive prenatal testing methods like cell-free DNA testing?
What is the benefit of non-invasive prenatal testing methods like cell-free DNA testing?
Genetic counseling is not important for expecting parents.
Genetic counseling is not important for expecting parents.
What role does artificial intelligence play in prenatal genetic testing?
What role does artificial intelligence play in prenatal genetic testing?
The critical period for the formation of ears and arms during fetal development occurs at about _____ weeks after conception.
The critical period for the formation of ears and arms during fetal development occurs at about _____ weeks after conception.
Match the following factors with their descriptions regarding prenatal risks:
Match the following factors with their descriptions regarding prenatal risks:
What aspect of personalized medicine approaches in prenatal testing enhances care?
What aspect of personalized medicine approaches in prenatal testing enhances care?
What is the primary purpose of prenatal testing?
What is the primary purpose of prenatal testing?
Ultrasound imaging is an invasive procedure used during prenatal care.
Ultrasound imaging is an invasive procedure used during prenatal care.
Name a specific substance measured in maternal blood tests for identifying genetic conditions.
Name a specific substance measured in maternal blood tests for identifying genetic conditions.
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is typically performed between the ___ and ___ weeks of pregnancy.
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is typically performed between the ___ and ___ weeks of pregnancy.
Match the following prenatal testing methods with their descriptions:
Match the following prenatal testing methods with their descriptions:
Which of the following is a genetic disorder that might impact prenatal development?
Which of the following is a genetic disorder that might impact prenatal development?
Amniocentesis carries no risk to the fetus.
Amniocentesis carries no risk to the fetus.
What kind of abnormalities can genetic disorders cause during prenatal development?
What kind of abnormalities can genetic disorders cause during prenatal development?
Prenatal ___ is about monitoring problems in the pregnancy using noninvasive methods.
Prenatal ___ is about monitoring problems in the pregnancy using noninvasive methods.
Which procedure involves taking a sample of amniotic fluid?
Which procedure involves taking a sample of amniotic fluid?
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Study Notes
Stability and change
- A child’s personality and characteristics can and do change over time.
- Early traits, such as shyness, do not always remain the same throughout a person’s life.
Biology and environment - Resilience
- Resilience is the ability to adapt well to challenges, promoting healthy development.
- Factors that contribute to resilience include:
- Personal traits
- Strong parental relationships
- Social support outside the family
- Community resources and opportunities
Periods of Development
- Human development is divided into periods:
- Prenatal period (conception to birth)
- Infancy (birth to 18/24 months)
- Early childhood (up to 5/6 years)
- Middle and Late childhood (5/6 to 10/12 years)
- Adolescence (10/12 to 18/22 years)
- Early adulthood (early 20s to early 30s)
- Middle adulthood (40-60 years)
- Late adulthood (60 years to death)
Conceptions of Age
- There are four types of age:
- Chronological age (years since birth)
- Biological age (biological health)
- Psychological age (adaptability)
- Social age (connectedness with others)
Heredity and Chromosomes
- Gametes (sperm and ova) are involved in reproduction.
- Sperm is produced in the testes (spermatogenesis).
- Ova are produced in the ovaries.
- Sex is determined by chromosomes:
- Y chromosome in sperm = male
- X chromosome in ova = female
- XY = genetically male
- XX = genetically female
Genetic Mutations
- Genetic mutations are changes in DNA sequence.
- Mutations can arise from errors during DNA replication or external factors (radiation, chemicals).
- Mutations can lead to disorders, cancer, or have no effect.
Prenatal Development
- The first trimester of pregnancy consists of three stages:
- Germinal stage (weeks 0-2): Fertilization and implantation
- Embryonic stage (weeks 3-8): Organ formation
- Fetal stage (weeks 9-birth): Rapid growth and maturation
Prenatal Testing and Diagnosis
- Prenatal testing is the detection of potential pregnancy problems.
- Prenatal diagnosis is the investigation of specific problems.
- Testing methods include:
- Ultrasound imaging
- Blood tests
- Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
- Amniocentesis
Genetic Disorders
- Genetic disorders can impact prenatal development by causing:
- Congenital malformations
- Growth restrictions
- Functional abnormalities
- Examples of genetic disorders include Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and spina bifida.
Factors Influencing Prenatal Risks
- Teratogens can harm a developing fetus:
- Timing of exposure matters (critical periods).
- Amount of exposure varies in its effect.
- Genetics play a role in how a teratogen affects the fetus.
Early Childhood Education
- High-quality early childhood education is crucial for development.
- Benefits include:
- Better academic success
- Higher graduation rates
- Improved career outcomes
- Better health and economic stability
Socioeconomic Status
- Socioeconomic status influences development by impacting access to:
- Resources (education, healthcare, food)
- Health and well-being due to family stress
- Educational opportunities
Attachment and Bonding
- Attachment is an emotional bond between a child and their caregiver.
- Strong attachments provide:
- Emotional security
- A sense of safety
- The ability to explore the environment
- Healthy emotional and social development
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