Child Development and Parenting Styles
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Questions and Answers

What term refers to a person's internal self-concept of their gender?

  • Gender Roles
  • Gender Identity (correct)
  • Gender Expression
  • Gender Norms

    • Which of the following describes how individuals present their gender to others?

  • Gender Norms
  • Gender Identity
  • Gender Roles
  • Gender Expression (correct)

    • What are gender norms primarily based on?

  • Individual experiences
  • Personal preference
  • Cultural traditions
  • Sex assigned at birth (correct)

    • Which of the following best defines gender roles?

    <p>Societal beliefs regarding acceptable behaviors tied to sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept describes the idea that only two genders exist?

    <p>Gender Binary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gender typically affect a person's body according to societal expectations?

    <p>It labels them as more or less masculine or feminine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage do children typically begin to develop an awareness of gender differences?

    <p>Childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of gender norms?

    <p>They are usually restrictive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically considered a presenting problem for a child or adolescent seeking therapy?

    <p>Observable behavioral difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example illustrates a broader issue that may be part of a child's presenting problem?

    <p>Difficulty in maintaining attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which piece of evidence could effectively illustrate a presenting problem?

    <p>Struggling with attention during written tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does authoritative parenting influence the development of prosocial behavior in children?

    <p>It provides warmth and compassion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might children model prosocial behaviors observed in their caregivers?

    <p>They learn behaviors through observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of problems might children present with in relation to social interactions?

    <p>Increased aggression or emotional meltdowns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is least likely to influence a child's ability to engage in prosocial behaviors?

    <p>The child's room decoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact can sensory perception differences have on a child's psychological state?

    <p>It can lead to increased overwhelm and distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process through which children learn about gender-related norms and roles?

    <p>Gender Socialisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Early Social Learning Theory, how do children primarily learn gender role behaviours?

    <p>Observing and modelling same-gender behaviours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome encourages children to engage in gender-appropriate behaviours according to the theory?

    <p>Positive reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely to happen to children who engage in behaviours inconsistent with gender norms according to the learning process?

    <p>They receive negative feedback or punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do parents play in a child's understanding of gender roles?

    <p>They influence the toys and activities offered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do children internalize gender related observations as they grow older?

    <p>By developing attitudes that match their gender identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates children to engage more in gender-appropriate behaviours?

    <p>Experiencing positive reinforcement for those behaviours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the learning mechanisms of gender role behaviours according to Bandura?

    <p>Observation, modelling, reinforcement, and punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do children begin to label others according to gender and use gender labels regularly?

    <p>Between 18 months to 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change in children's behavior is noted between the ages of 18 months and 2 years?

    <p>Reliably identify and use gender categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of children's understanding of gender between the ages of 3 to 6 years?

    <p>They develop an understanding that gender is an enduring social category</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change occurs in gender concepts around ages 7-8?

    <p>Greater cognitive flexibility in understanding gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key developmental aspect of adolescence regarding gender?

    <p>Emergence of sexual identity and biological changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do children typically express their understanding of appropriate gender behaviors between ages 3 to 6?

    <p>Rigid ideas of masculinity and femininity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of social development is enhanced in children around ages 7 to 8?

    <p>Greater awareness of others' beliefs and perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do romantic relationships during adolescence have on gender identity?

    <p>They promote more complex gender identities embedded in social contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of secure attachment for neurodiverse children?

    <p>It enhances their ability to explore and develop independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does insecure-avoidant attachment affect neurodiverse children's social challenges?

    <p>It may lead them to avoid expressing emotional needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of insecure-ambivalent attachment in neurodiverse children?

    <p>Heightened anxiety and over-reliance on caregivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attachment style is associated with the ability to adapt to new environments for neurodiverse adolescents?

    <p>Secure attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does insecure attachment have on emotional resilience in neurodiverse children?

    <p>It can hinder the development of coping strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a result of secure attachment regarding sensory challenges in neurodiverse individuals?

    <p>It provides a foundation for better sensory management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is often seen in neurodiverse children with insecure-ambivalent attachment?

    <p>Difficulty handling new situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of neurodiverse children, which attachment style tends to promote positive relationships?

    <p>Secure attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Presenting problem

    • The presenting problem is the reason someone is seeking therapy or treatment.
    • It's observable and behavioral.
    • It includes issues beyond mental health or developmental problems, such as social, cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, academic, issues.
    • Examples include difficulties maintaining attention, increasing peer conflicts, increased sleep difficulties, increased aggression or emotional meltdowns, social withdrawal or avoidance.

    Parenting Styles and Prosocial Behavior

    • Parents model prosocial behavior, children are more likely to display it.
    • Authoritative parenting, with warmth, communication, and compassion, helps develop prosocial behavior.
    • Providing opportunities for practice and appropriate behavior models fosters prosocial behavior development.

    Gender Development

    • Learning Gender Roles:
      • Children observe and retain gender-appropriate behavior from same-gender role models like older children, adults, and characters in media.
      • They model these behaviors and get positive reinforcement for gender-consistent actions.
      • Negative feedback or punishment discourages behaviors not aligned with gender norms.
    • Parents influence:
      • Parents are key sources of gender-based learning, influencing toys, clothing, and activities encouraged for their children.
    • Key Gender Concepts:
      • Gender identity (internal sense of gender)
      • Gender expression (how individuals present their gender)
      • Gender norms (socially acceptable behaviors and attitudes based on sex)
      • Gender roles (learned or embodied behaviors and attitudes related to sex assigned at birth and sense of femininity/masculinity)
    • Gender and Body:
      • Bodies are gendered by cultural expectations and society.
      • Masculinity and femininity are linked to certain physical attributes.
      • This affects self-perception and how others interact.
    • Gender Identity:
      • An individual's internal experience of gender, which may not align with sex assigned at birth.
    • Gender Social:
      • Gender roles: Societal expectations of behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits based on biological sex.
      • Gender Expression: External presentation of gender to the world.
      • Gender Binary: The inaccurate concept of only two genders.
    • Developmental Stages:
      • Early Awareness: Children develop an awareness of gender differences and labels around 18 months to 2 years.
      • Increased Gender-Typed Behavior: Children increase sex-typed toy preferences between 18 months and 2 years.
      • Rigid Gender Concepts: Children adopt strict views of masculinity and femininity, reflecting perceptions of clothing, toys, and behaviors.
      • Flexibility in Gender: Children adopt more flexible concepts and thinking around gender.
      • Increased Salience and Complexity: Adolescents undergo significant gender-related changes influenced by sexual identity development, puberty, and romantic relationships.

    Attachment styles

    • Secure attachment:
      • Neurodiverse children feel safe and supported, promoting exploration and independence.
      • Fosters emotional regulation, managing sensory overload, anxiety, and challenges.
      • Encourages seeking support when needed and building positive relationships.
      • Promotes adaptability in navigating transitions and social environments.
    • Insecure-avoidant attachment:
      • Children downplay emotional needs due to unresponsive caregivers.
      • May lead to avoidance of help and difficulty forming close relationships.
      • Can further complicate social challenges for neurodiverse individuals, potentially leading to withdrawal and hindering coping strategy development.
    • Insecure-ambivalent (anxious) attachment:
      • Children exhibit heightened anxiety and dependency, relying on caregivers for reassurance.
      • Limits independence development and self-regulation.
      • May amplify difficulties in navigating new situations and forming peer relationships.

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    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in child development, focusing on the presenting problems children face when seeking therapy, the impact of parenting styles on prosocial behavior, and the learning of gender roles. Understand how these factors interconnect and shape a child's growth and social interactions.

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