Questions and Answers
Which universal principles should the nurse include in the discussion about human growth and development for a group of pregnant clients? (Select all that apply)
What instructions should the nurse include for parents of a preschooler with severe asthma? (Select all that apply)
In which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development is a first grader who states, 'We need to wash our hands before lunch, be respectful to the teacher, and pay attention in class'?
Punishment and Obedience
Which statements by the nurse are consistent with Piaget's theory of cognitive development? (Select all that apply)
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What characteristic of Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority should be recognized in a 10-year-old child newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus?
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Which information should the nurse include about puberty during adolescence? (Select all that apply)
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Which teratogens should the nurse instruct a client in the first trimester of pregnancy to avoid? (Select all that apply)
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Which statements indicate an understanding of climacteric changes during middle adulthood? (Select all that apply)
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What is an acceptable amount of screen time for a 4-year-old preschooler?
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What client statement indicates a child is experiencing Erikson's stage of identity versus role confusion?
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Which signs should the nurse recognize as increased risk for suicide in an adolescent? (Select all that apply)
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What topics should the nurse include in discharge teaching for a client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus? (Select all that apply)
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Which characteristics should the nurse include in teaching about school-age children? (Select all that apply)
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Which health promotion topics should the nurse include in care for an older adult client with hypertension? (Select all that apply)
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What should the nurse advise a client who states, 'Now that I'm pregnant, I drink wine with dinner. I've given up hard alcohol.'?
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Study Notes
Human Growth and Development Principles
- Cephalocaudal principle: Development occurs from head to toe.
- Growth progresses from simple to complex processes and functions.
- Development is a continuous process throughout life.
- Individuals experience growth at varying, individualized rates.
Asthma Education for Preschoolers
- Teach parents about the proper use of metered-dose inhalers (MDIs).
- Advise on tobacco use restrictions in the home environment.
- Recommend modifications to reduce dust mites.
- Share asthma attack management plans with preschool teachers.
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
- The child’s understanding of school rules reflects the Punishment and Obedience stage of moral development, focusing on consequences for actions.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
- Knowledge acquisition happens over time as individuals grow.
- Intelligence develops naturally as children adapt to their environment.
- Children actively construct and reshape knowledge as they mature.
Erikson's Stage of Industry vs. Inferiority
- A 10-year-old child demonstrating confidence in self-administering insulin exemplifies the industry versus inferiority stage, indicating a sense of competence.
Puberty and Adolescence
- Primary sex organs mature during puberty, influencing physical development.
- Puberty typically begins with a growth spurt in height and weight.
- Puberty onset is determined by genetics, environmental factors, and gender.
- Secondary sex characteristics develop throughout puberty.
Teratogens and Fetal Development
- Pregnant clients should avoid hyperthermia, uncontrolled glucose levels, rubella, and smoking to protect fetal health.
Climacteric Changes in Middle Adulthood
- Climacteric signifies changes in both males and females, referred to as menopause in females.
- Climacteric changes in males occur more gradually over several years.
- Symptoms for females during climacteric can include heart palpitations.
Screen Time for Preschoolers
- The recommended screen time for a 4-year-old child is limited to 1 hour per day.
Erikson's Stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion
- An adolescent expressing uncertainty about their sexuality may indicate they are navigating the identity versus role confusion stage.
Indicators of Increased Suicide Risk in Adolescents
- Signs include expressing gloom or helplessness, loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, self-harm threats, and access to weapons.
Diabetes Management Education
- Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes clients should be taught about weight management, glucose testing, daily exercise, and foot care.
Characteristics of School-Age Children
- Egocentrism decreases as children develop greater social awareness.
- Children begin to understand the concept of reversibility in thoughts and actions.
- They learn to interpret events from multiple perspectives.
Health Promotion for Older Adults
- Focus on maintaining functional capacity and encouraging free-weight exercises.
- Promote participation in social events to enhance well-being.
- Recommend safety modifications like installing grab bars in the shower.
Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy
- Pregnant individuals should completely avoid alcohol, including wine, due to potential harm to the developing fetus.
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Description
Explore the principles of human growth and development, including the cephalocaudal principle and individual growth rates. Understand asthma education tailored for preschoolers and delve into Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development, alongside Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
