Child Development and Care Practices
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Questions and Answers

When taking in poisons (such as bleach), the higher the pH the more likely it will cause a ______.

burn

How should the nurse administer liquid medications to a crying infant?

Needleless syringe in the buccal cavity

What is skeletal traction?

The most effective means of traction, applying to a bone with wire pins or tongs.

What is the most important thing for school-aged kids to do for development?

<p>Learn and do homework</p> Signup and view all the answers

A toddler's fine motor skills kick in at ______ months.

<p>18</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do if a toddler regresses during a hospital visit and starts wetting the bed?

<p>Ignore it and it will eventually go away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reflex seen when an infant is born is still there when they are a year old?

<p>Babinski</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you wear while feeding an infant in droplet precautions?

<p>Gown and mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper way to collect urine for specific gravity for an 18-month-old?

<p>Pediatric urine collector</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vaccine is best to give an 18-year-old going to college?

<p>Meningococcal polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it okay for parents to give Tylenol after giving an MMR shot?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major contraindication of the Pertussis vaccine?

<p>Neuro or seizure disorder history</p> Signup and view all the answers

Head lag should disappear at ______ months.

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common food allergen in infants?

<p>Cow's milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccines are given at 2 months?

<p>IPV</p> Signup and view all the answers

What toy would be appropriate for a 4-year-old in the hospital?

<p>Plastic stethoscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a child be able to copy a square and circle?

<p>4 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a child be able to tie shoelaces?

<p>5 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a child learn how to do cursive writing?

<p>8 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

At 6 months of age, a child's legs should not be crossed at the knees.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a 9-month-old cannot sit without support, what does this indicate?

<p>Developmental delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

To prevent lead poisoning, what should the nurse teach parents for their babies?

<p>Drink lots of milk and take iron supplements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a child is stuttering, what should they never be encouraged to do?

<p>Stop and start over.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Wilm's tumor?

<p>Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is spinal fusion?

<p>Surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is concerning about even small cuts in preschoolers?

<p>They believe that even the smallest cuts or wounds can make them blow up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biggest thing to watch for with shunt repairs?

<p>Lethargy and not being able to wake up easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

School-age children are more ______ learners and learn more by __________.

Signup and view all the answers

What happens when taking in poisons such as bleach with a high pH?

<p>Cause a burn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the nurse administer liquid medications to a crying infant?

<p>Use a needleless syringe in the buccal cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is skeletal traction?

<p>The most effective means of traction, applying to a bone with wire pins or tongs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important thing for a school-age child in development?

<p>Learn to do homework.</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do a toddler's fine motor skills begin to kick in?

<p>18 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a toddler regresses during a hospital visit and begins wetting the bed, what should the nurse do?

<p>Ignore it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reflex is still present when an infant is one year old?

<p>Babinski reflex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precautions should be taken for an infant under droplet precautions?

<p>Wear a gown and mask while feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper way to collect urine for specific gravity in an 18-month-old?

<p>Use a pediatric urine collector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate way to prepare a toddler for surgery?

<p>Read appropriate books to them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best vaccine to give an 18-year-old going to college?

<p>Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

After giving an MMR shot, is it okay for parents to give Tylenol?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major contraindication for the Pertussis vaccine?

<p>History of neurological or seizure disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

At how many months should head lag disappear?

<p>4 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common food allergen in infants?

<p>Cow's milk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccines are given at 2 months?

<p>IPV</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate toy for a 4-year-old in the hospital?

<p>Plastic stethoscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a child be able to copy a square and circle?

<p>4 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age should a child be able to tie shoelaces?

<p>5 years of age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age should a child learn how to do cursive writing?

<p>8 years of age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

At 6 months of age, a child's legs should be crossed at the knees during a well visit.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a 9-month-old cannot sit without support, what does that indicate?

<p>Developmental delay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should parents be taught to prevent lead poisoning in their babies?

<p>Drink lots of milk and take iron supplements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a child is stuttering, what should they never be encouraged to do?

<p>Stop and start over.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Wilms tumor?

<p>A malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is spinal fusion?

<p>Surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is concerning about small cuts in preschoolers?

<p>They believe even the smallest cuts can make them blow up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biggest thing to watch for with shunt repairs?

<p>Lethargy and difficulty waking up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

School-age children are more _______ learners and learn more by __________.

Signup and view all the answers

When taking in poisons (such as bleach), the higher the pH the more likely it will _____

<p>cause a burn</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the nurse administer liquid medications to a crying infant?

<p>Use a needleless syringe in the buccal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is skeletal traction?

<p>The most effective means of traction, applying to a bone with wire pins or tongs</p> Signup and view all the answers

For development, what is the most important thing for a school age child to do?

<p>Learn to do homework</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do a toddler's fine motor skills, such as scribbling with a crayon, kick in?

<p>18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse do if a toddler regresses during a hospital visit and starts wetting the bed?

<p>Ignore it and it will eventually go away</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reflex seen when an infant is born is still present at one year old?

<p>Babinski</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for an infant in droplet precautions?

<p>Wear a gown and mask while feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper way to collect urine for specific gravity in an 18-month-old?

<p>Use a pediatric urine collector</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a toddler preparing for surgery be readied by a parent?

<p>Read appropriate books about it</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best shot to give an 18-year-old going to college?

<p>Meningococcal polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

After giving an MMR shot, is it okay for parents to give Tylenol?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major contraindication of the Pertussis vaccine?

<p>History of neuro or seizure disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

At how many months should head lag be gone?

<p>4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common food allergen in infants?

<p>Cow's milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vaccines are given at 2 months?

<p>DTaP, HIB, IPV, HBV</p> Signup and view all the answers

What toy would be appropriate for a 4-year-old in the hospital?

<p>Plastic stethoscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age should a child be able to copy a square and circle?

<p>4 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age should a child be able to tie shoelaces?

<p>5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age should a child learn how to do cursive writing?

<p>8 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

At 6 months of age, it is normal for a child's legs to cross at the knees during a well visit.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a 9-month-old cannot sit without support, what does that indicate?

<p>Developmental delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

To prevent lead poisoning, what should the nurse teach the parent for their babies?

<p>Drink lots of milk (vitamin D) and take iron supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a child is stuttering, what should they never be encouraged to do?

<p>Stop and start over</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Wilm's tumor?

<p>A malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is spinal fusion?

<p>Surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concern with even small cuts in preschoolers?

<p>They believe that even the smallest cuts or wounds can make them blow up</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biggest thing to watch for with shunt repairs?

<p>Lethargy and not being able to wake up easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

School age children are more _____ learners and learn more by __________.

<p>concrete, demonstration</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a diabetes patient that has frequent diabetic ketoacidotic episodes, what is the best test to check compliance?

<p>Hemoglobin A1C</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biggest recommendation for those who have sickle cell anemia?

<p>Increase fluids to prevent an increased risk of dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What exactly is sickle cell anemia?

<p>A genetic defect in the patient's RBCs due to a malfunctioning hemoglobin S protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

A child who is immunocompromised can receive any vaccines.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assessment would mean that a kid's ventricular septal defect is worsening?

<p>Increased weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition are myelomeningocele post-op babies most prone to?

<p>Hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse do for an 18-month-old child post-op from cleft palate repair who is really thirsty?

<p>Give a cup of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can a cleft palate repair child use a soft nipple to drink?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lab finding is expected in a child with leukemia who is now experiencing fever and malaise?

<p>Low hemoglobin (HGB) around 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant clinical sign of epiglottitis?

<p>Drooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a child with nephrotic syndrome given prednisone, what indicates that the medication has kicked in?

<p>The child rapidly loses a bunch of weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a child has diarrhea for 24 hours, what does the nurse expect the specific gravity to be around?

<p>1.020</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is an ASO titer done in a child with nephritis?

<p>To determine if the child had a strept throat infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why give inhaled steroids instead of oral steroids?

<p>Oral can stunt growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assessment finding is consistent with an infant with tracheoesophageal fistula?

<p>Spitting up food</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the instructions for a scoliosis patient with a back brace?

<p>Only take it off to shower for about an hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

Koplik spots are an indication of what condition?

<p>Measles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to prevent otitis media in newborns?

<p>Keep the baby upright when feeding from a bottle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What to expect with a ventricular septal defect?

<p>Lower left sternal border murmur</p> Signup and view all the answers

How to feed a post-operative 6-week-old pyloromyotomy patient?

<p>Short interval bottle feedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

Post 4-month-old cardiac catheterization, what is a complication to watch for?

<p>Bleeding from any site</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cystic fibrosis patient needs increased _____ intake.

<p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient is in traction and their feet are pale with absent pulses, what should the nurse do?

<p>Call the doctor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the care instructions for a fiberglass cast?

<p>Baths are okay but showers are better; writing on it is okay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thalassemia major babies need frequent ____.

<p>Transfusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does a toddler's abdomen protrude?

<p>Because their stomachs lack muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lab finding in tetralogy of fallot?

<p>High hematocrit level (58)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs of anaphylaxis?

<p>Stridor, nausea, urticaria (hives)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is urticaria?

<p>Hives</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best intervention after a bone marrow aspiration?

<p>Have them lay prone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the nurse perform a bone marrow aspiration?

<p>From the iliac crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do children with mononucleosis need a school excuse?

<p>To prevent abdominal injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is epistaxis?

<p>Nosebleed</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you tell if a kid has leukemia?

<p>Bone marrow aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for intussusception?

<p>Barium enema</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biggest primary intervention for autistic kids?

<p>Prevent injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what manner should iron deficiency anemia be given to a child?

<p>Between meals and with vitamin C such as OJ</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Poisoning and pH Levels

  • High pH (above 7.45) increases the likelihood of burns from alkaline substances like bleach.

Medication Administration for Infants

  • Use a needle-less syringe to administer liquid medication into the buccal cavity.
  • Do not mix medication with formula.
  • Never close the infant's mouth or nose during administration.

Skeletal Traction

  • Most effective traction method involves applying force to a bone using wire pins or tongs.

Child Development Milestones

  • School-age children learn through homework and experience a conflict of industry vs. inferiority.
  • Toddlers typically begin fine motor skills, such as scribbling, around 18 months.

Hospitalization and Toddler Behavior

  • If a toddler regresses and starts wetting the bed during hospitalization, it should be ignored as it may be stress-related.

Reflexes in Infants

  • The Babinski reflex should still be present in infants up to one year of age.

Infection Control in Infants

  • For infants in droplet precautions, staff should wear gowns and masks and should not allow the infant to leave the room.

Collecting Urine Specimens

  • Use a pediatric urine collector to collect urine from an 18-month-old for specific gravity testing.

Preparing Toddlers for Surgery

  • Reading appropriate books about surgery can help prepare toddlers mentally.

Vaccination Recommendations

  • Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for 18-year-olds heading to college.
  • Parents can give Tylenol after an MMR shot without concern.

Vaccine Contraindications

  • A major contraindication for the Pertussis vaccine is a history of neurological or seizure disorders.

Growth and Motor Skills

  • Head lag should disappear by 4 months of age.
  • Fine motor skills such as copying shapes develop around 4 years, while tying shoelaces and cursive writing are mastered by 5 and 8 years, respectively.

Developmental Delays

  • A 9-month-old unable to sit without support indicates a possible developmental delay.

Lead Poisoning Prevention

  • To prevent lead poisoning, infants should consume milk (rich in Vitamin D) and iron supplements.

Stuttering Management

  • Children who stutter should not be encouraged to stop and start speaking over again.

Wilms Tumor

  • A malignant kidney tumor in childhood, characterized by abdominal swelling. Requires preoperative chemotherapy/radiation, followed by surgical removal with further treatment.

Spinal Fusion

  • Surgical procedure for vertebrae immobilization, requiring patients to be log rolled every two hours post-operation.

Preschoolers and Body Integrity

  • Preschoolers may believe even small cuts can severely harm them due to their focus on body integrity.

Shunt Repair Monitoring

  • Watch for lethargy post-shunt repair as an indication of potential intracranial pressure issues.

Learning Styles in School Age Children

  • They are concrete learners who benefit from demonstration methods of teaching.

Diabetes Management

  • Hemoglobin A1C is the best test for monitoring compliance in diabetes due to the lifespan of red blood cells.

Sickle Cell Anemia Management

  • Patients should increase fluid intake to mitigate dehydration risks associated with sickle cell crises.

Immunocompromised Children and Vaccines

  • Most vaccines can be administered, except for the inactivated polio vaccine.

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

  • Worsening of a VSD may be indicated by increased weight gain in the child.

Post-Operative Care

  • For infants post-cleft palate repair, provide water in a cup and avoid using any nipple or instruments to feed.

Lab Expectations for Conditions

  • In leukemia, expect low hemoglobin levels; for nephrotic syndrome, weight loss indicates prednisone efficacy.

Hyperosmolar Urine

  • A child with diarrhea for 24 hours may have a specific gravity around 1.020, higher than the normal range.

Infection Indicators

  • Symptoms like drooling and lethargy can indicate epiglottitis.

Hydrocephalus Risk

  • Post-operative myelomeningocele infants are prone to developing hydrocephalus.

Feeding after Surgery

  • Introduce short interval bottle feedings for infants post-pyloric stenosis procedure.

Mid-Range Lab Values

  • In intussusception cases, barium enemas are used for treatment.

Safety Measures for Autistic Children

  • Injury prevention is the primary intervention for children with autism.

Iron Deficiency Anemia Treatment

  • Administer iron supplements between meals paired with Vitamin C for better absorption.

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Description

This quiz explores crucial facets of child health, including medication administration and developmental milestones. It highlights important practices in managing infants' and toddlers' behaviors during hospitalization. These insights are essential for caregivers and health professionals involved in pediatric care.

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