Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of early intervention services like speech therapy (ST), occupational therapy (OT), and physical therapy (PT)?
At what age should children begin to receive physical therapy if they are very premature?
Which of the following correctly describes the reevaluation process for children receiving services in kindergarten?
What is the formal term for a child who has a significant developmental delay?
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How long can occupational therapy typically last for children?
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What is a common characteristic of a child with a reading disability according to the information provided?
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Which area of the brain is associated with the ability to express oneself verbally?
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What term is now used to refer to what was previously known as intellectual disability?
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What is a primary reason dyslexic children struggle with writing?
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Which characteristic is common among children classified with non-verbal learning disabilities?
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How do attention levels in children with ADHD generally differ between activities?
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What is a possible reason for writing difficulties in children who have expressive language issues?
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What is the expected trend in ADHD symptoms as children grow into their teenage years?
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What common trait do children with writing disabilities typically possess?
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What is a distinctive characteristic of children classified as expressive in relation to language processing?
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What role does early diagnosis play in language processing disorders?
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Which statement accurately describes neural ectopia in dyslexic individuals?
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What observation was made regarding the angular gyrus in individuals with dyslexia?
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Which cognitive areas should be evaluated when assessing dyslexia?
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Which of the following is an observed difficulty commonly associated with dyslexia?
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What did Freud theorize as a reason behind children's difficulties in reading?
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Which processing issue is indicated by the lower activation of the angular gyrus in dyslexic individuals?
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Study Notes
Evaluation and Intervention
- Kids need evaluation for autism or ADHD due to impulsivity.
- Early intervention services for speech therapy (ST), occupational therapy (OT), and physical therapy (PT) can start as early as 18 months.
- Developmental delays differ from disabilities; a child walking at 15 months may have a delay but will typically catch up.
- Premature infants often receive PT starting at 6 months; early intervention can lead to successful pre-kindergarten transitions.
Reevaluation and Support Services
- Children are reevaluated in kindergarten to determine the continued need for services, with pre-K assessments conducted by the Child Study Team (CPC).
- OT services may continue through high school, PT typically ends by 2nd or 3rd grade, while ST can span longer periods, often requiring reevaluation.
Disabilities and Learning Challenges
- Reading disabilities are enduring; individuals can overcome but may still struggle with reading comfort and fluency.
- Intellectual disabilities are now categorized under autism spectrum disorder.
- Dyslexia, a common reading problem, is associated with neural ectopia in the left brain affecting language processing.
Language Processing and Impairments
- Broca's area is responsible for verbal expression, while Wernicke’s area manages listening and comprehension.
- Receptive language issues imply understanding but slower processing of information; expressive language difficulties can lead to frustration.
- Children with language processing challenges often need simplified or repeated information.
Neurological Findings
- The angular gyrus in the temporal lobe shows low activation in dyslexic individuals, particularly during phonological tasks; activation can increase with therapy but remains below typical levels.
- Dyslexic children may struggle with rhyming and phonetic awareness, impacting early literacy development.
Reading and Writing Skills
- Reading and writing are essential for effective language processing, with early diagnosis linked to better outcomes.
- Basic treatment for dyslexia focuses on phonetic decoding—learning to sound out words.
- Visual spacing correlates significantly with reading difficulties; dyslexic students often excel in math but struggle with word problems.
Writing Challenges
- Kids with writing disabilities usually have strong language skills but struggle with organization in writing tasks; poor spelling contributes to writing issues in dyslexic children.
- ADHD can lead to disorganized writing and diminished attention spans, impacting longer writing tasks.
- Non-verbal learning disabilities can manifest through intact verbal skills but poor visual processing and organizational abilities in writing tasks.
Attention and Focus
- Students can have high attention spans for engaging activities like TV or video games but struggle with sustained focus needed for academic tasks.
- ADHD symptoms may diminish during teenage years, but early intervention remains critical to support academic success.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the evaluation of children for conditions such as autism and ADHD, particularly regarding impulsivity and early intervention strategies. It also discusses the differences between developmental delays and disabilities, highlighting key milestones and the impact of prematurity on development.