Child Development and Delay Evaluation

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of early intervention services like speech therapy (ST), occupational therapy (OT), and physical therapy (PT)?

To prepare children for high school

To evaluate social skills in children

To assess the child's reading capability

To address developmental and disability delays (correct)

At what age should children begin to receive physical therapy if they are very premature?

At 18 months of age

At 6 months of age (correct)

At 12 months of age

At 3 years of age

Which of the following correctly describes the reevaluation process for children receiving services in kindergarten?

They are permanently assigned to a specific therapy.

They are automatically enrolled in a developmental pre-k program.

They may continue or discontinue receiving services based on their needs. (correct)

They will no longer receive any services for disabilities.

What is the formal term for a child who has a significant developmental delay?

Developmental delay (DD) Signup and view all the answers

How long can occupational therapy typically last for children?

Throughout high school Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of a child with a reading disability according to the information provided?

They will overcome the disability but still struggle with reading. Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is associated with the ability to express oneself verbally?

Broca's area Signup and view all the answers

What term is now used to refer to what was previously known as intellectual disability?

Autism spectrum disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason dyslexic children struggle with writing?

They cannot spell. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is common among children classified with non-verbal learning disabilities?

Intact verbal skills. Signup and view all the answers

How do attention levels in children with ADHD generally differ between activities?

They can focus on TV and video games but struggle with tasks that require sustained mental effort. Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible reason for writing difficulties in children who have expressive language issues?

They have poor writing organization skills. Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected trend in ADHD symptoms as children grow into their teenage years?

ADHD symptoms disappear. Signup and view all the answers

What common trait do children with writing disabilities typically possess?

Good language skills. Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinctive characteristic of children classified as expressive in relation to language processing?

They often struggle to explain themselves and may become upset. Signup and view all the answers

What role does early diagnosis play in language processing disorders?

It usually leads to a better outcome. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes neural ectopia in dyslexic individuals?

It pertains to a nerve that fails to establish connections in the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What observation was made regarding the angular gyrus in individuals with dyslexia?

Activation increases with therapy but remains below the general population's levels. Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive areas should be evaluated when assessing dyslexia?

IQ, memory, attention, executive functioning, and fine motor skills Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an observed difficulty commonly associated with dyslexia?

Ability to rhyme words effectively Signup and view all the answers

What did Freud theorize as a reason behind children's difficulties in reading?

Issues in early childhood relationships with their mothers. Signup and view all the answers

Which processing issue is indicated by the lower activation of the angular gyrus in dyslexic individuals?

Difficulties with phonological tasks Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Evaluation and Intervention

Kids need evaluation for autism or ADHD due to impulsivity.
Early intervention services for speech therapy (ST), occupational therapy (OT), and physical therapy (PT) can start as early as 18 months.
Developmental delays differ from disabilities; a child walking at 15 months may have a delay but will typically catch up.
Premature infants often receive PT starting at 6 months; early intervention can lead to successful pre-kindergarten transitions.

Reevaluation and Support Services

Children are reevaluated in kindergarten to determine the continued need for services, with pre-K assessments conducted by the Child Study Team (CPC).
OT services may continue through high school, PT typically ends by 2nd or 3rd grade, while ST can span longer periods, often requiring reevaluation.

Disabilities and Learning Challenges

Reading disabilities are enduring; individuals can overcome but may still struggle with reading comfort and fluency.
Intellectual disabilities are now categorized under autism spectrum disorder.
Dyslexia, a common reading problem, is associated with neural ectopia in the left brain affecting language processing.

Language Processing and Impairments

Broca's area is responsible for verbal expression, while Wernicke’s area manages listening and comprehension.
Receptive language issues imply understanding but slower processing of information; expressive language difficulties can lead to frustration.
Children with language processing challenges often need simplified or repeated information.

Neurological Findings

The angular gyrus in the temporal lobe shows low activation in dyslexic individuals, particularly during phonological tasks; activation can increase with therapy but remains below typical levels.
Dyslexic children may struggle with rhyming and phonetic awareness, impacting early literacy development.

Reading and Writing Skills

Reading and writing are essential for effective language processing, with early diagnosis linked to better outcomes.
Basic treatment for dyslexia focuses on phonetic decoding—learning to sound out words.
Visual spacing correlates significantly with reading difficulties; dyslexic students often excel in math but struggle with word problems.

Writing Challenges

Kids with writing disabilities usually have strong language skills but struggle with organization in writing tasks; poor spelling contributes to writing issues in dyslexic children.
ADHD can lead to disorganized writing and diminished attention spans, impacting longer writing tasks.
Non-verbal learning disabilities can manifest through intact verbal skills but poor visual processing and organizational abilities in writing tasks.

Attention and Focus

Students can have high attention spans for engaging activities like TV or video games but struggle with sustained focus needed for academic tasks.
ADHD symptoms may diminish during teenage years, but early intervention remains critical to support academic success.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the evaluation of children for conditions such as autism and ADHD, particularly regarding impulsivity and early intervention strategies. It also discusses the differences between developmental delays and disabilities, highlighting key milestones and the impact of prematurity on development.