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Questions and Answers
What factors influence dose modification of cytotoxic drugs?
What factors influence dose modification of cytotoxic drugs?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of immunotherapy?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of immunotherapy?
How is the dose of a cytotoxic drug adjusted in the case of renal impairment?
How is the dose of a cytotoxic drug adjusted in the case of renal impairment?
What type of toxicity can be associated with immunotherapy that affects the skin?
What type of toxicity can be associated with immunotherapy that affects the skin?
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Which of the following adverse effects requires consideration when modifying doses for cytotoxic drugs?
Which of the following adverse effects requires consideration when modifying doses for cytotoxic drugs?
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What can reduce the duration and severity of neutropenia in selected patients?
What can reduce the duration and severity of neutropenia in selected patients?
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Why is it important to accurately dose anticancer agents?
Why is it important to accurately dose anticancer agents?
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Which of the following methods is NOT used for determining doses of cytotoxic drugs?
Which of the following methods is NOT used for determining doses of cytotoxic drugs?
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For which type of drug is area under the curve-based dosing particularly applicable?
For which type of drug is area under the curve-based dosing particularly applicable?
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What is a common feature of anticancer agents in relation to dose response?
What is a common feature of anticancer agents in relation to dose response?
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What characterizes antimetabolites in their action against cancer cells?
What characterizes antimetabolites in their action against cancer cells?
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Which of the following is classified as a folic acid antagonist?
Which of the following is classified as a folic acid antagonist?
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Which agent is an example of a purine antagonist?
Which agent is an example of a purine antagonist?
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What is the function of ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors in cancer therapy?
What is the function of ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors in cancer therapy?
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Which of the following best describes the mechanism of targeted therapy?
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of targeted therapy?
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Which drug is known as an antimicrotubule agent?
Which drug is known as an antimicrotubule agent?
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Which of the following is a common property of all antimetabolites?
Which of the following is a common property of all antimetabolites?
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Fludarabine is classified as which type of agent?
Fludarabine is classified as which type of agent?
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Which class of chemotherapy drugs is specifically active during various phases of cell division?
Which class of chemotherapy drugs is specifically active during various phases of cell division?
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Which of the following is an example of a platinum compound used in chemotherapy?
Which of the following is an example of a platinum compound used in chemotherapy?
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What characteristic distinguishes topoisomerase inhibitors from other drug classes?
What characteristic distinguishes topoisomerase inhibitors from other drug classes?
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Which type of alkylating agent is NOT classified under nitrosoureas?
Which type of alkylating agent is NOT classified under nitrosoureas?
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Which of the following is recognized as an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic?
Which of the following is recognized as an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic?
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Which chemotherapy drug is most commonly used as a platinum-based treatment?
Which chemotherapy drug is most commonly used as a platinum-based treatment?
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What distinguishes plant derivatives from other classes of chemotherapy agents?
What distinguishes plant derivatives from other classes of chemotherapy agents?
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Which drug type includes Vincristine and Vinblastine?
Which drug type includes Vincristine and Vinblastine?
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Which of the following drugs is classified as a topoisomerase 2 inhibitor?
Which of the following drugs is classified as a topoisomerase 2 inhibitor?
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What is the main action of alkylating agents in the chemotherapy context?
What is the main action of alkylating agents in the chemotherapy context?
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Which class of therapy would likely include drugs that induce apoptosis in cancer cells?
Which class of therapy would likely include drugs that induce apoptosis in cancer cells?
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What is a common side effect associated with targeted therapy?
What is a common side effect associated with targeted therapy?
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Among the listed drugs, which one is classified as an mTOR inhibitor?
Among the listed drugs, which one is classified as an mTOR inhibitor?
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Which group of hormone therapy drugs includes antiandrogens?
Which group of hormone therapy drugs includes antiandrogens?
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What is the primary action of aromatase inhibitors in cancer treatment?
What is the primary action of aromatase inhibitors in cancer treatment?
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Which drug is classified as an angiogenesis inhibitor?
Which drug is classified as an angiogenesis inhibitor?
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Which type of adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with cytotoxic drugs?
Which type of adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with cytotoxic drugs?
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What is a characteristic of hormone therapy in cancer treatment?
What is a characteristic of hormone therapy in cancer treatment?
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What defines cytotoxic drugs?
What defines cytotoxic drugs?
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Which hormone therapy drug acts as an antiestrogen?
Which hormone therapy drug acts as an antiestrogen?
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Study Notes
Chemotherapy Drugs in Oncology
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Chemotherapy comprises various drug classes, each targeting specific phases of cell division
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Alkylating agents: These drugs are non-specific, working during the resting phase of the cell cycle, damaging DNA. Key examples include Cyclophosphamide, Chlorambucil, Melphalan, Ifosfamide, Carmustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin, Carboblatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin.
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Plant derivatives: Derived from plants, some are synthetic and are often cell-cycle specific. Examples include Vinca Alkaloids (Vincristine, Vinblastine, Vinorelbine, Paclitaxel, Docetaxel), Taxanes, Podophyllotoxins, Camptothecin analogues.
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Topoisomerase inhibitors: These inhibit enzymes involved in DNA replication and repair. They fall into categories of Topoisomerase 1 (Irinotecan, Topotecan) and Topoisomerase 2 inhibitors (Amsacrine, Etoposide, Teniposide).
Antitumor Antibiotics
- These are derived from natural microbial sources, often cell-cycle specific. Examples include Doxorubicin, Idarubicin, Daunorubicin, Dactinomycin, Plicamycin, Mitomycin, and Bleomycin.
Antimetabolites
- These mimic normal substances, cell cycle specific. Examples include Methotrexate, Pemetrexed, 5-Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Cytarabine, Capecitabine, Gemcitabine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, Cladribine, Fludarabine, and Pentostatin.
Miscellaneous Antineoplastics
- Miscellaneous agents, including those not fitting other classes. Examples include Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors, Adrenocortical steroid inhibitors, Antimicrotubule agents, Retinoids, Hydroxyurea, Mitotane, Asparaginase, Pegaspargase, Estramustine, Bexarotene, Isotretinoin, and Tretinoin.
Targeted Therapy
- These target specific genes, proteins, or tissue environments, avoiding damage to healthy cells. Examples include Monoclonal antibodies (Trastuzumab, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, Rituximab), Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Imatinib, Bortezomib), Apoptosis-inducing drugs, and Angiogenesis inhibitors (Bevacizumab, Sunitinib, Thalidomide, Everolimus), along with mTOR inhibitors.
Hormone Therapy
- Hormone Therapy drugs block the production of hormones essential for cancer, or replace harmful hormones with harmless ones. Adrenal Steroid Inhibitors (Aminoglutethimide, Mitotane), Androgens (Fluoxymesterone, Testosterone, Testolactone), Antiandrogens (Bicalutamide, Flutamide, Nilutamide), Antiestrogens (Tamoxifen, Toremifene), Aromatase Inhibitors (Anastrozole, Exemestane, Letrozole), Estrogens (DES, Estradiol, Premarin). Also includes Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRL) agonists, Medroxyprogesterone, acetate, and Raloxifene.
Cytotoxic Drug Dosing
- Administering the right dosage of cytotoxic drugs is crucial due to a narrow therapeutic index. Methods for determining dosages include body surface area calculations (using formulas like Dubois and Dubois, Mosteller), and fixed dosing, depending on patient and drug. Dosing adjustments are also made based on renal and hepatic function, hematological parameters, and other toxicities.
Complications of Immunotherapy
- Immunotherapy can lead to a range of side effects, including skin toxicity, colitis, hepatitis, endocrinopathies (thyroid, diabetes, hypophysitis), pneumonitis, nephritis, neurological complications, cardiac/musculoskeletal issues.
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Description
This quiz covers various classes of chemotherapy drugs used in oncology. You will explore alkylating agents, plant derivatives, and topoisomerase inhibitors, as well as their mechanisms and examples. Test your knowledge of these essential cancer treatments!
