Chemotherapy Drug: Oxaliplatin
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Questions and Answers

Which type of cancer shows a cure rate of 10%-90% due to clinical trials?

  • Colon cancer
  • Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (correct)
  • Breast cancer
  • Prostate cancer
  • What is the primary reason for the mortality drop by ~70% in Hodgkins lymphoma?

  • Cell cycle non-specific drugs
  • Screening
  • Targeted therapy
  • Cytotoxic chemotherapy (correct)
  • Which phase of the cell cycle is analogous to preparing for DNA replication?

  • G1 phase (correct)
  • G2 phase
  • M phase
  • S phase
  • What is the main feature of cytotoxic chemotherapy?

    <p>Indiscriminate killing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of therapy is characterized by on-target and off-target toxicity?

    <p>Targeted therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the Rb gene is active during the cell cycle?

    <p>It prevents the cell cycle from progressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene inactivation is associated with an increased likelihood of developing cancer?

    <p>TP53</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of PTEN in the cell?

    <p>Inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hallmark of cancer involves resistance to programmed cell death?

    <p>Resisting cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein binds to the messenger proteins that cause apoptosis and prevents them from carrying the message?

    <p>Bcl-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the upregulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in many cancer cells?

    <p>Inducing angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic allows cancer cells to resist apoptosis and have a limitless number of copies made of themselves?

    <p>Enabling replicative immortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hallmark characteristic may develop without mutational changes?

    <p>Nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that allows cancer cells to invade surrounding tissue and later invade far away tissues?

    <p>Activating invasion &amp; metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the inability to repair DNA and makes cancer cells more likely to develop and keep genetic mutations?

    <p>Enabling replicative immortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemotherapeutic agent causes peripheral neuropathy that is exacerbated by cold temperatures, including cold beverages?

    <p>Oxaliplatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemoprotectant used to prevent ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis?

    <p>Mesna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkylating agent forms covalent bonds with DNA base pairs, leading to DNA cross-links and impairing DNA synthesis?

    <p>Ifosfamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antimetabolite causes stronger inhibition of thymidylate synthetase when given with leucovorin?

    <p>5-FU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pyrimidine prodrug is converted to deoxyribonucleotide form and creates a highly electrophilic false substrate for thymidylate synthase?

    <p>5-FU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which tumor cells can evade growth suppressors?

    <p>DNA replication in the S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound forms a covalent bond on one side of the DNA helix and leads to cross-linking of DNA, impairing DNA synthesis?

    <p>Melphalan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkylating agent is historically used for treating multiple myeloma and contains a substituent that improves cellular transport?

    <p>Melphalan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxic metabolite, produced along with acrolein, is associated with neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in patients treated with ifosfamide?

    <p>Chloroacetaldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkylating agent is more stable to intramolecular attack due to the absence of a chlorine leaving group off the vulnerable nitrogen and can be administered orally?

    <p>Lomustine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide?

    <p>Production of active metabolites affecting DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for encouraging patients receiving cyclophosphamide to drink 2-3L of fluids the day of an infusion?

    <p>To promote excretion of toxic metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemoprotectant is used to prevent ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis?

    <p>Mesna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of cisplatin in causing DNA damage and cell death?

    <p>Formation of DNA adducts and cross-links</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for preventing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity?

    <p>Saturating the environment with chlorine ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a pro-drug of 5-fluorouracil and mimics infusional 5-FU?

    <p>Capecitabine (Xeloda)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is the rate limiting step in 5-FU metabolism and deficiency of it can lead to life-threatening toxicity?

    <p>Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug competes with FUTP for RNA incorporation and is used to rescue patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency or accidental overdose?

    <p>Uridine triacetate (Vistogard)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antimetabolite inhibits DNA polymerase & ribonucleotide reductase and is associated with profound lymphopenia and opportunistic infections?

    <p>Fludarabine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which purine antimetabolite requires testing for thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) deficiency before initiation and may require dose reduction in case of homozygous TPMT deficiency?

    <p>6-Mercaptopurine (6MP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkylating agent contains a substituent that improves cellular transport and has historically been used for treating multiple myeloma?

    <p>Melphalan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound competes with 7,8-dihydrofolate for the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR enzyme) and impairs DNA synthesis?

    <p>Methotrexate (MTX)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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