37 Questions
Which type of cancer shows a cure rate of 10%-90% due to clinical trials?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
What is the primary reason for the mortality drop by ~70% in Hodgkins lymphoma?
Cytotoxic chemotherapy
Which phase of the cell cycle is analogous to preparing for DNA replication?
G1 phase
What is the main feature of cytotoxic chemotherapy?
Indiscriminate killing
Which type of therapy is characterized by on-target and off-target toxicity?
Targeted therapy
What happens when the Rb gene is active during the cell cycle?
It prevents the cell cycle from progressing
Which gene inactivation is associated with an increased likelihood of developing cancer?
TP53
What is the function of PTEN in the cell?
Inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Which hallmark of cancer involves resistance to programmed cell death?
Resisting cell death
Which protein binds to the messenger proteins that cause apoptosis and prevents them from carrying the message?
Bcl-2
Which process involves the upregulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in many cancer cells?
Inducing angiogenesis
What characteristic allows cancer cells to resist apoptosis and have a limitless number of copies made of themselves?
Enabling replicative immortality
Which hallmark characteristic may develop without mutational changes?
Nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming
What is the process that allows cancer cells to invade surrounding tissue and later invade far away tissues?
Activating invasion & metastasis
Which process involves the inability to repair DNA and makes cancer cells more likely to develop and keep genetic mutations?
Enabling replicative immortality
Which chemotherapeutic agent causes peripheral neuropathy that is exacerbated by cold temperatures, including cold beverages?
Oxaliplatin
What is the chemoprotectant used to prevent ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis?
Mesna
Which alkylating agent forms covalent bonds with DNA base pairs, leading to DNA cross-links and impairing DNA synthesis?
Ifosfamide
Which antimetabolite causes stronger inhibition of thymidylate synthetase when given with leucovorin?
5-FU
Which pyrimidine prodrug is converted to deoxyribonucleotide form and creates a highly electrophilic false substrate for thymidylate synthase?
5-FU
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which tumor cells can evade growth suppressors?
DNA replication in the S phase
Which compound forms a covalent bond on one side of the DNA helix and leads to cross-linking of DNA, impairing DNA synthesis?
Melphalan
Which alkylating agent is historically used for treating multiple myeloma and contains a substituent that improves cellular transport?
Melphalan
Which toxic metabolite, produced along with acrolein, is associated with neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in patients treated with ifosfamide?
Chloroacetaldehyde
Which alkylating agent is more stable to intramolecular attack due to the absence of a chlorine leaving group off the vulnerable nitrogen and can be administered orally?
Lomustine
What is the mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide?
Production of active metabolites affecting DNA
What is the primary reason for encouraging patients receiving cyclophosphamide to drink 2-3L of fluids the day of an infusion?
To promote excretion of toxic metabolites
Which chemoprotectant is used to prevent ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis?
Mesna
What is the mechanism of action of cisplatin in causing DNA damage and cell death?
Formation of DNA adducts and cross-links
What is the primary method for preventing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity?
Saturating the environment with chlorine ions
Which drug is a pro-drug of 5-fluorouracil and mimics infusional 5-FU?
Capecitabine (Xeloda)
Which enzyme is the rate limiting step in 5-FU metabolism and deficiency of it can lead to life-threatening toxicity?
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)
Which drug competes with FUTP for RNA incorporation and is used to rescue patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency or accidental overdose?
Uridine triacetate (Vistogard)
Which antimetabolite inhibits DNA polymerase & ribonucleotide reductase and is associated with profound lymphopenia and opportunistic infections?
Fludarabine
Which purine antimetabolite requires testing for thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) deficiency before initiation and may require dose reduction in case of homozygous TPMT deficiency?
6-Mercaptopurine (6MP)
Which alkylating agent contains a substituent that improves cellular transport and has historically been used for treating multiple myeloma?
Melphalan
Which compound competes with 7,8-dihydrofolate for the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR enzyme) and impairs DNA synthesis?
Methotrexate (MTX)
Test your knowledge about the chemotherapy drug Oxaliplatin, including its characteristics, side effects, and unique features such as peripheral neuropathy. This quiz covers key points about the drug and its effects on patients.
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