Chemotherapy Drug: Oxaliplatin

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Which type of cancer shows a cure rate of 10%-90% due to clinical trials?

Colon cancer

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (correct)

Breast cancer

Prostate cancer

What is the primary reason for the mortality drop by ~70% in Hodgkins lymphoma?

Cell cycle non-specific drugs

Screening

Targeted therapy

Cytotoxic chemotherapy (correct)

Which phase of the cell cycle is analogous to preparing for DNA replication?

G1 phase (correct)

G2 phase

M phase

S phase

What is the main feature of cytotoxic chemotherapy?

Indiscriminate killing Signup and view all the answers

Which type of therapy is characterized by on-target and off-target toxicity?

Targeted therapy Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the Rb gene is active during the cell cycle?

It prevents the cell cycle from progressing Signup and view all the answers

Which gene inactivation is associated with an increased likelihood of developing cancer?

TP53 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of PTEN in the cell?

Inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark of cancer involves resistance to programmed cell death?

Resisting cell death Signup and view all the answers

Which protein binds to the messenger proteins that cause apoptosis and prevents them from carrying the message?

Bcl-2 Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the upregulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in many cancer cells?

Inducing angiogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic allows cancer cells to resist apoptosis and have a limitless number of copies made of themselves?

Enabling replicative immortality Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark characteristic may develop without mutational changes?

Nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that allows cancer cells to invade surrounding tissue and later invade far away tissues?

Activating invasion & metastasis Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the inability to repair DNA and makes cancer cells more likely to develop and keep genetic mutations?

Enabling replicative immortality Signup and view all the answers

Which chemotherapeutic agent causes peripheral neuropathy that is exacerbated by cold temperatures, including cold beverages?

Oxaliplatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemoprotectant used to prevent ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis?

Mesna Signup and view all the answers

Which alkylating agent forms covalent bonds with DNA base pairs, leading to DNA cross-links and impairing DNA synthesis?

Ifosfamide Signup and view all the answers

Which antimetabolite causes stronger inhibition of thymidylate synthetase when given with leucovorin?

5-FU Signup and view all the answers

Which pyrimidine prodrug is converted to deoxyribonucleotide form and creates a highly electrophilic false substrate for thymidylate synthase?

5-FU Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which tumor cells can evade growth suppressors?

DNA replication in the S phase Signup and view all the answers

Which compound forms a covalent bond on one side of the DNA helix and leads to cross-linking of DNA, impairing DNA synthesis?

Melphalan Signup and view all the answers

Which alkylating agent is historically used for treating multiple myeloma and contains a substituent that improves cellular transport?

Melphalan Signup and view all the answers

Which toxic metabolite, produced along with acrolein, is associated with neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in patients treated with ifosfamide?

Chloroacetaldehyde Signup and view all the answers

Which alkylating agent is more stable to intramolecular attack due to the absence of a chlorine leaving group off the vulnerable nitrogen and can be administered orally?

Lomustine Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide?

Production of active metabolites affecting DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for encouraging patients receiving cyclophosphamide to drink 2-3L of fluids the day of an infusion?

To promote excretion of toxic metabolites Signup and view all the answers

Which chemoprotectant is used to prevent ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis?

Mesna Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of cisplatin in causing DNA damage and cell death?

Formation of DNA adducts and cross-links Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for preventing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity?

Saturating the environment with chlorine ions Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a pro-drug of 5-fluorouracil and mimics infusional 5-FU?

Capecitabine (Xeloda) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is the rate limiting step in 5-FU metabolism and deficiency of it can lead to life-threatening toxicity?

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug competes with FUTP for RNA incorporation and is used to rescue patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency or accidental overdose?

Uridine triacetate (Vistogard) Signup and view all the answers

Which antimetabolite inhibits DNA polymerase & ribonucleotide reductase and is associated with profound lymphopenia and opportunistic infections?

Fludarabine Signup and view all the answers

Which purine antimetabolite requires testing for thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) deficiency before initiation and may require dose reduction in case of homozygous TPMT deficiency?

6-Mercaptopurine (6MP) Signup and view all the answers

Which alkylating agent contains a substituent that improves cellular transport and has historically been used for treating multiple myeloma?

Melphalan Signup and view all the answers

Which compound competes with 7,8-dihydrofolate for the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR enzyme) and impairs DNA synthesis?

Methotrexate (MTX) Signup and view all the answers

Chemotherapy Drug: Oxaliplatin

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Questions and Answers

Which type of cancer shows a cure rate of 10%-90% due to clinical trials?

What is the primary reason for the mortality drop by ~70% in Hodgkins lymphoma?

Which phase of the cell cycle is analogous to preparing for DNA replication?

What is the main feature of cytotoxic chemotherapy?

Which type of therapy is characterized by on-target and off-target toxicity?

What happens when the Rb gene is active during the cell cycle?

Which gene inactivation is associated with an increased likelihood of developing cancer?

What is the function of PTEN in the cell?

Which hallmark of cancer involves resistance to programmed cell death?

Which protein binds to the messenger proteins that cause apoptosis and prevents them from carrying the message?

Which process involves the upregulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in many cancer cells?

What characteristic allows cancer cells to resist apoptosis and have a limitless number of copies made of themselves?

Which hallmark characteristic may develop without mutational changes?

What is the process that allows cancer cells to invade surrounding tissue and later invade far away tissues?

Which process involves the inability to repair DNA and makes cancer cells more likely to develop and keep genetic mutations?

Which chemotherapeutic agent causes peripheral neuropathy that is exacerbated by cold temperatures, including cold beverages?

What is the chemoprotectant used to prevent ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis?

Which alkylating agent forms covalent bonds with DNA base pairs, leading to DNA cross-links and impairing DNA synthesis?

Which antimetabolite causes stronger inhibition of thymidylate synthetase when given with leucovorin?

Which pyrimidine prodrug is converted to deoxyribonucleotide form and creates a highly electrophilic false substrate for thymidylate synthase?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which tumor cells can evade growth suppressors?

Which compound forms a covalent bond on one side of the DNA helix and leads to cross-linking of DNA, impairing DNA synthesis?

Which alkylating agent is historically used for treating multiple myeloma and contains a substituent that improves cellular transport?

Which toxic metabolite, produced along with acrolein, is associated with neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in patients treated with ifosfamide?

Which alkylating agent is more stable to intramolecular attack due to the absence of a chlorine leaving group off the vulnerable nitrogen and can be administered orally?

What is the mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide?

What is the primary reason for encouraging patients receiving cyclophosphamide to drink 2-3L of fluids the day of an infusion?

Which chemoprotectant is used to prevent ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis?

What is the mechanism of action of cisplatin in causing DNA damage and cell death?

What is the primary method for preventing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity?

Which drug is a pro-drug of 5-fluorouracil and mimics infusional 5-FU?

Which enzyme is the rate limiting step in 5-FU metabolism and deficiency of it can lead to life-threatening toxicity?

Which drug competes with FUTP for RNA incorporation and is used to rescue patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency or accidental overdose?

Which antimetabolite inhibits DNA polymerase & ribonucleotide reductase and is associated with profound lymphopenia and opportunistic infections?

Which purine antimetabolite requires testing for thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) deficiency before initiation and may require dose reduction in case of homozygous TPMT deficiency?

Which alkylating agent contains a substituent that improves cellular transport and has historically been used for treating multiple myeloma?

Which compound competes with 7,8-dihydrofolate for the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR enzyme) and impairs DNA synthesis?

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