Chemotherapy Drug Groups Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are vesicant chemotherapy agents? (Select all that apply)

  • Vincristine (correct)
  • Cisplatin
  • Dactinomycin (correct)
  • Cyclophosphamide

What are alkylating agents most active during?

Resting phase of the cell

Which of the following is a type of alkylating agent?

  • Melphalan (correct)
  • Cisplatin
  • Doxorubicin
  • Vinblastine

Which plants are vinca alkaloids derived from?

<p>Periwinkle plant (Catharanthus rosea)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antitumor antibiotics are cell cycle specific.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What class of agents is Methotrexate in?

<p>Folic acid antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

Topoisomerase I inhibitors include ___ and ___

<p>Irinotecan, Topotecan</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of cell cycle-specific agents?

<p>Most effective in divided doses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cell cycle-nonspecific agents are effective when administered by ___ doses.

<p>Bolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Vesicant Chemotherapy Agents

  • Includes Dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mechlorethamine, mitomycin, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel, streptozocin, tenoposide, vinblastine, vincristine, and vinorelbine.

Alkylating Agents (Cell Cycle Nonspecific)

  • Effective mainly during the resting phase of cells; categorized as cell-cycle nonspecific.
  • Types include:
    • Mustard gas derivatives: Mechlorethamine, Cyclophosphamide, Chlorambucil, Melphalan, Ifosfamide.
    • Ethylenimines: Thiotepa, Hexamethylmelamine.
    • Alkylsulfonates: Busulfan.
    • Hydrazines and Triazines: Altretamine, Procarbazine, Dacarbazine, Temozolomide.
    • Nitrosureas: Carmustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin; can cross the blood-brain barrier, useful for brain tumors.
    • Metal salts: Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin.

Plant Alkaloids (Cell Cycle Specific)

  • Derived from plants; specifically effective during the M phase of cell division.
  • Key types:
    • Vinca alkaloids: Vincristine, Vinblastine, Vinorelbine from periwinkle plant.
    • Taxanes: Paclitaxel, Docetaxel from Pacific Yew tree bark.
    • Podophyllotoxins: Etoposide and Tenisopide from May apple plant.
    • Camptothecan analogs: Irinotecan and Topotecan from Asian "Happy Tree" (Camptotheca acuminata).
  • Known for targeting specific phases during cell division.

Antitumor Antibiotics (Cell Cycle Nonspecific)

  • Derived from natural products of the Streptomyces fungus; active during multiple phases of the cell cycle.
  • Types consist of:
    • Anthracyclines: Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Epirubicin, Mitoxantrone, Idarubicin.
    • Chromomycins: Dactinomycin, Plicamycin.
    • Miscellaneous: Mitomycin, Bleomycin.

Antimetabolites (Cell Cycle Specific - S Phase)

  • Mimic natural substances in the cell; interfere with cellular metabolism to inhibit division.
  • Types include:
    • Folic acid antagonist: Methotrexate.
    • Pyrimidine antagonists: 5-Fluorouracil, Foxuridine, Cytarabine, Capecitabine, Gemcitabine.
    • Purine antagonists: 6-Mercaptopurine, 6-Thioguanine.
    • Adenosine deaminase inhibitors: Cladribine, Fludarabine, Nelarabine, Pentostatin.

Topoisomerase Inhibitors

  • Interfere with topoisomerase enzymes crucial for DNA manipulation during replication.
  • Types include:
    • Topoisomerase I inhibitors: Ironotecan, Topotecan.
    • Topoisomerase II inhibitors: Amsacrine, Etoposide, Etoposide phosphate, Teniposide.

Miscellaneous Antineoplastics

  • Include various agents with unique mechanisms:
    • Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor: Hydroxyurea.
    • Adrenocortical steroid inhibitor: Mitotane.
    • Enzymes: Asparaginase, Pegaspargase.
    • Antimicrotubule agent: Estramustine.
    • Retinoids: Bexarotene, Isotretinoin, Tretinoin (ATRA).

Cell Cycle-Specific Agents

  • Depend on schedule for administration; most effective when given in divided doses or continuous infusion.

Cell Cycle-Nonspecific Agents

  • Efficacy is dose-dependent; most effective with bolus doses as the number of affected cells correlates with drug amount administered.

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