Chemotherapy Drugs Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are Alkylating agents known for?

Cell-cycle specific

First drug identified to have anti-cancer activity (correct)

Helps to eliminate natural hormones

Derived from microbial fermentation

List some examples of Alkylating agents.

Carboplatin, Chlorambucil, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Dacarbazine, Melphalan, Nitrogen mustard

What are the side effects of Alkylating agents?

Bone marrow depression, myelosuppression, and neurotoxicity

What do Antimetabolites interfere with?

Cell cycle S phase Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of Antimetabolites?

GI toxicity, acute bone marrow suppression Signup and view all the answers

Name some Antimetabolites.

Cytarabine, Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 6-Mercaptopurine, 6-Thioguanine Signup and view all the answers

Anti-tumor antibiotics are cell-cycle specific.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of anti-tumor antibiotics?

Cardiac toxicity, skin ulcerations, pulmonary toxicity, bone marrow suppression, radiosensitizer Signup and view all the answers

List some examples of anti-tumor antibiotics.

Bleomycin, Dactinomycin (actinomycin), Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), Mithracyn, Mitomycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hormonal agents in cancer treatment?

To eliminate or displace natural hormones that can slow down cancer growth Signup and view all the answers

What are some side effects of hormonal agents?

Hot flashes, depression, loss of libido, increased chance of endometrial cancers Signup and view all the answers

List some examples of hormonal agents.

Corticosteroids, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Antiandrogen, Flutamide, Antiestrogen, Tamoxifen, Goserelin acetate (Zoladex), Gonadotropin-releasing hormones, Leuprolide Signup and view all the answers

Nitrosureas are cell cycle specific.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of Nitrosureas?

Delayed myelosuppression, GI toxicity, delayed nephrotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

List some examples of Nitrosureas.

Carmustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin Signup and view all the answers

What are Plant Alkaloids derived from?

The periwinkle plant Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of plant alkaloids?

Neurotoxicity, severe ulceration of the skin, myelosuppression Signup and view all the answers

List some examples of plant alkaloids.

Etoposide, paclitaxel (Taxol), Vinblastine, Vincristine Signup and view all the answers

What are some miscellaneous agents used in chemotherapy?

Asparaginase, Hydroxyurea, Pentostatin, Procarbazine, Topotecan Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alkylating Agents

First identified anti-cancer drugs, non-specific to the cell cycle.
Mechanism involves bonding with nucleic acids, disrupting cellular function.
Historical connection to mustard gas.

List of Alkylating Agents

Includes Carboplatin, Chlorambucil, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Dacarbazine, Melphalan, and Nitrogen mustard.

Side Effects of Alkylating Agents

Known for causing bone marrow depression, myelosuppression, and neurotoxicity.

Antimetabolites

Target specific phases of the cell cycle, particularly S phase.
More toxic to rapidly proliferating cells.

Side Effects of Antimetabolites

Commonly cause gastrointestinal toxicity and acute bone marrow suppression.

List of Antimetabolites

Notable examples include Cytarabine, Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 6-Mercaptopurine, and 6-Thioguanine.

Anti-tumor Antibiotics

Derived from microbial fermentation, affecting DNA and RNA.
Not cell cycle specific, but effects are more pronounced in S-G2 phases.

Side Effects of Anti-tumor Antibiotics

Can lead to cardiac toxicity, skin ulcerations, pulmonary toxicity, bone marrow suppression, and act as radiosensitizers.

List of Anti-tumor Antibiotics

Includes Bleomycin, Dactinomycin (Actinomycin), Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), Mithracyn, and Mitomycin.

Hormonal Agents

Function to eliminate or displace hormones that may inhibit cancer growth.
Bind to DNA receptors, altering cellular functions.

Side Effects of Hormonal Agents

Potential side effects include hot flashes, depression, loss of libido, and an increased risk of endometrial cancers.

List of Hormonal Agents

Comprises corticosteroids like Dexamethasone and Hydrocortisone, antiandrogens such as Flutamide, and antiestrogens like Tamoxifen, alongside Goserelin acetate and Leuprolide.

Nitrosureas

Not specific to any cell cycle phase.
Lipid-soluble, allowing passage through the blood-brain barrier, interfering with DNA synthesis.

Side Effects of Nitrosureas

Can cause delayed myelosuppression, gastrointestinal toxicity, and delayed nephrotoxicity.

List of Nitrosureas

Includes Carmustine, Lomustine, and Streptozocin.

Plant Alkaloids

Derived from the periwinkle plant, they inhibit replication by binding during the metaphase of mitosis.

Side Effects of Plant Alkaloids

Common side effects include neurotoxicity, severe skin ulceration, and myelosuppression.

List of Plant Alkaloids

Notable examples are Etoposide, Paclitaxel (Taxol), Vinblastine, and Vincristine.

Miscellaneous Agents

Includes Asparaginase, Hydroxyurea, Pentostatin, Procarbazine, and Topotecan.

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Description

Explore the classification of chemotherapy drugs with these flashcards. Learn about alkylating agents, their mechanisms, and common examples. This quiz is essential for anyone studying pharmacology or oncology.