Questions and Answers
What are Alkylating agents known for?
List some examples of Alkylating agents.
Carboplatin, Chlorambucil, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Dacarbazine, Melphalan, Nitrogen mustard
What are the side effects of Alkylating agents?
Bone marrow depression, myelosuppression, and neurotoxicity
What do Antimetabolites interfere with?
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What are the side effects of Antimetabolites?
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Name some Antimetabolites.
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Anti-tumor antibiotics are cell-cycle specific.
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What are the side effects of anti-tumor antibiotics?
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List some examples of anti-tumor antibiotics.
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What is the function of hormonal agents in cancer treatment?
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What are some side effects of hormonal agents?
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List some examples of hormonal agents.
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Nitrosureas are cell cycle specific.
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What are the side effects of Nitrosureas?
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List some examples of Nitrosureas.
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What are Plant Alkaloids derived from?
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What are the side effects of plant alkaloids?
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List some examples of plant alkaloids.
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What are some miscellaneous agents used in chemotherapy?
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Study Notes
Alkylating Agents
- First identified anti-cancer drugs, non-specific to the cell cycle.
- Mechanism involves bonding with nucleic acids, disrupting cellular function.
- Historical connection to mustard gas.
List of Alkylating Agents
- Includes Carboplatin, Chlorambucil, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Dacarbazine, Melphalan, and Nitrogen mustard.
Side Effects of Alkylating Agents
- Known for causing bone marrow depression, myelosuppression, and neurotoxicity.
Antimetabolites
- Target specific phases of the cell cycle, particularly S phase.
- More toxic to rapidly proliferating cells.
Side Effects of Antimetabolites
- Commonly cause gastrointestinal toxicity and acute bone marrow suppression.
List of Antimetabolites
- Notable examples include Cytarabine, Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 6-Mercaptopurine, and 6-Thioguanine.
Anti-tumor Antibiotics
- Derived from microbial fermentation, affecting DNA and RNA.
- Not cell cycle specific, but effects are more pronounced in S-G2 phases.
Side Effects of Anti-tumor Antibiotics
- Can lead to cardiac toxicity, skin ulcerations, pulmonary toxicity, bone marrow suppression, and act as radiosensitizers.
List of Anti-tumor Antibiotics
- Includes Bleomycin, Dactinomycin (Actinomycin), Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), Mithracyn, and Mitomycin.
Hormonal Agents
- Function to eliminate or displace hormones that may inhibit cancer growth.
- Bind to DNA receptors, altering cellular functions.
Side Effects of Hormonal Agents
- Potential side effects include hot flashes, depression, loss of libido, and an increased risk of endometrial cancers.
List of Hormonal Agents
- Comprises corticosteroids like Dexamethasone and Hydrocortisone, antiandrogens such as Flutamide, and antiestrogens like Tamoxifen, alongside Goserelin acetate and Leuprolide.
Nitrosureas
- Not specific to any cell cycle phase.
- Lipid-soluble, allowing passage through the blood-brain barrier, interfering with DNA synthesis.
Side Effects of Nitrosureas
- Can cause delayed myelosuppression, gastrointestinal toxicity, and delayed nephrotoxicity.
List of Nitrosureas
- Includes Carmustine, Lomustine, and Streptozocin.
Plant Alkaloids
- Derived from the periwinkle plant, they inhibit replication by binding during the metaphase of mitosis.
Side Effects of Plant Alkaloids
- Common side effects include neurotoxicity, severe skin ulceration, and myelosuppression.
List of Plant Alkaloids
- Notable examples are Etoposide, Paclitaxel (Taxol), Vinblastine, and Vincristine.
Miscellaneous Agents
- Includes Asparaginase, Hydroxyurea, Pentostatin, Procarbazine, and Topotecan.
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Explore the classification of chemotherapy drugs with these flashcards. Learn about alkylating agents, their mechanisms, and common examples. This quiz is essential for anyone studying pharmacology or oncology.