Chemistry: π Bond Rotation and Cis-Trans Isomers

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What is a characteristic of the resulting molecular orbital formed by the side-to-side overlap of atomic orbitals?

It has cylindrical symmetry

It has a spherical shape

It has the highest electron density at the center

It has a nodal plane with zero electron density (correct)

Which type of hybridization is adopted by carbon atoms in ethane (C2H6)?

No hybridization

sp3 hybridization (correct)

sp hybridization

sp2 hybridization

What is the difference between a σ bond and a π bond?

A σ bond is weaker than a π bond

A σ bond is stronger than a π bond

A σ bond is formed by side-to-side overlap, while a π bond is formed by end-to-end overlap

A σ bond is formed by end-to-end overlap, while a π bond is formed by side-to-side overlap (correct)

What is the shape of the molecular orbitals formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals with cylindrical symmetry?

Cylindrical Signup and view all the answers

Why is a double bond less than twice as strong as a single bond?

Because a π bond is weaker than a σ bond Signup and view all the answers

In which type of bond is an s orbital unable to participate?

π bond Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed by end-to-end overlap of orbitals?

Sigma bond Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about pi (p) bonds?

They involve sideways overlap of orbitals. Signup and view all the answers

Why is a pi (p) bond weaker than a sigma bond?

It has less effective overlap due to sideways orientation. Signup and view all the answers

In a triple bond, how many sigma bonds are present?

One Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed by the end-to-end overlap of hybridized orbitals?

Sigma bond Signup and view all the answers

Why do larger atoms form longer bonds to hydrogen?

To decrease repulsions due to decreased overlap Signup and view all the answers

Which type of orbital overlap is responsible for the formation of a π bond?

Above and below overlap Signup and view all the answers

In which situation does bond rotation not occur?

Around a π bond Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties?

Isomers Signup and view all the answers

Which type of isomerism differentiates between polar and non-polar forms of compounds?

Cis-trans isomerism Signup and view all the answers

In which type of hybridization is a carbon atom involved in only one double bond?

sp2 hybridization Signup and view all the answers

Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1966 for his work on the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method?

Robert S. Mulliken Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the Molecular Orbital theory and the Valence Bond theory?

The computation of wave functions from all atomic orbitals versus valence orbitals Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of the Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO) approach in Molecular Orbital theory?

It gives molecular orbitals that could be delocalized over the entire molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of Hund's rule of maximum spin multiplicity in populating empty orbitals?

The formation of paramagnetic substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of the Schrödinger equation in Molecular Orbital theory?

To solve for the wave functions of molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary criterion for determining the bond order of a molecule using MO diagrams?

The difference between the number of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of paramagnetic substances in terms of their molecular orbitals?

They have unpaired electrons in their molecular orbitals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the bond strength increasing with greater orbital overlap?

The increased overlap leads to a decreased energy of the molecular orbital Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of violating the Pauli principle in molecular orbitals?

The molecular orbital would become unstable Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the molecular orbital formed by the side-to-side overlap of atomic orbitals?

It is a pi molecular orbital Signup and view all the answers

What determines the bond order of a molecule using MO diagrams?

The number of electrons occupying the molecular orbital Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of diamagnetic substances?

They are unaffected by magnetic fields Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of having unpaired electrons in a molecular orbital?

The molecule becomes paramagnetic Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between bond order and bond energy?

Bond order and bond energy are directly proportional. Signup and view all the answers

In Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory, what does a bond order of 2.5 indicate?

The molecule has a stronger bond. Signup and view all the answers

How does the removal of an electron from a molecule typically affect its bond strength and bond length?

Removal of an electron strengthens the bond but increases bond length. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is predicted to exhibit paramagnetic properties based on their MO diagrams?

N2+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between bond order and bond length?

Bond order and bond length are inversely proportional. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds would likely have a stronger bond compared to O2, based on the bond order calculation?

N2 Signup and view all the answers