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Questions and Answers
What characterizes deoxy sugars in carbohydrates chemistry?
What characterizes deoxy sugars in carbohydrates chemistry?
Which statement accurately describes sugar acids?
Which statement accurately describes sugar acids?
Which sugar is classified as an amino sugar?
Which sugar is classified as an amino sugar?
Which of the following is NOT a type of sugar derivative mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of sugar derivative mentioned?
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What is the primary characteristic of sugar alcohols?
What is the primary characteristic of sugar alcohols?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates Chemistry - Sugar Derivatives
- Sugar derivatives are sugar molecules that have been modified by substituents other than hydroxyl groups.
Types of Sugar Derivatives
-
Deoxy Sugars:
- These sugars have a hydroxyl group on carbon 2 replaced by a hydrogen atom.
- Example: Deoxyribose, a component of DNA.
-
Amino Sugars:
- These sugars have a hydroxyl group on carbon 2 replaced by an amino group.
- Examples:
- Glucosamine: a component of hyaluronic acid and heparin.
- Galactosamine: a component of chondroitin sulfate.
-
Sugar Acids:
- Result from the oxidation of the aldehyde group of aldoses to a carboxyl group.
-
Aldonic acids:
- Formed by oxidizing the aldehyde group.
- Example: Gluconic acid from glucose
- Formed by oxidizing the aldehyde group.
-
Uronic acids:
- Formed by oxidizing the primary alcohol group on the last carbon.
- Example: Glucuronic acid from glucose and Iduronic acid is a component of chondroitin sulfate B.
- Formed by oxidizing the primary alcohol group on the last carbon.
Sugar Alcohols
- Result from reducing the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) to an alcohol group.
- Example:
- Sorbitol: the alcohol form of glucose, an intermediate in the conversion of glucose to fructose in the seminal vesicles.
- Ribitol: the alcohol form of ribose, a component of riboflavin (vitamin B2).
- Example:
Isomers
- Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures.
- For example, D- and L- isomers are mirror images.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of sugar derivatives, including deoxy sugars, amino sugars, and sugar acids. This quiz covers the chemical modifications of sugars and their significance in biological systems. Test your knowledge on specific examples such as deoxyribose and glucosamine.
