Sugar Derivatives PDF
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Uploaded by TruthfulCopernicium
Ibn Sina University for Medical Sciences
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This document details the chemistry of sugar derivatives, including deoxy sugars, amino sugars, sugar acids, and sugar alcohols. It covers topics such as their definitions, examples, and roles in biological processes.
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Carbohydrates Chemistry II. Sugar Derivatives Sugar derivatives: Definition: They are sugar molecules that have been modified with substituents other than hydroxyl groups. Sugar derivatives include: 1. Deoxy sugars: These are sugars in which a hydroxyl group attached to the C2 of sugars...
Carbohydrates Chemistry II. Sugar Derivatives Sugar derivatives: Definition: They are sugar molecules that have been modified with substituents other than hydroxyl groups. Sugar derivatives include: 1. Deoxy sugars: These are sugars in which a hydroxyl group attached to the C2 of sugars is replaced by a hydrogen atom. E.g. Deoxyribose : The sugar that present in DNA 2. Amino sugars: These are sugars in which the -OH group on the second carbon is replaced by an amino group. Examples: (a)Glucosamine: which is a constituent of hyaluronic acid and heparin. (b)Galactosamine: which is a constituent of chondroitin sulphate it paper 3. Sugar Acids: they include Aldonic acids: These result from oxidation of the aldehyde group (CHO) of aldoses to carboxyl group (COOH). E.g. Gluconic acid from glucose Uronic acids: These result from oxidation of the primary alcohol group of aldoses to carboxyl group (Ch2OH). Examples: (a)D-Glucuronic acid from glucose. (b)L-Iduronic acid which is a component of chondroitin sulfate B. 5. Sugar alcohols: These result from reduction of the carbonyl group to alcohol group. Examples include: (a) Sorbitol: It is the alcohol of glucose. It is an intermediate in the conversion of glucose to fructose in the seminal vesicles. (b) Ribitol: It is the alcohol of ribose. It is a component of riboflavin (vit.B2). what about isomers?
