Life Science: June Paper 1 Easy

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Which of the following is NOT a common element essential to life?

Nitrogen (N)

Sodium (Na)

Gold (Au) (correct)

Oxygen (O)

What does an atom's unique characteristics depend on?

The temperature in its environment

The number of protons in its nucleus (correct)

The arrangement of electrons around the nucleus

The spatial orientation of the atom

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

H2O (correct)

O2

O

Fe

What is a molecule made up of?

One or more atoms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest unit of an element that retains its properties?

An atom (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are organic and inorganic compounds differentiated?

Organic compounds contain carbon bonds (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the structure of inorganic compounds?

They lack carbon-hydrogen bonds (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human body is composed of water?

60-70% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Energy storage and structural functions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of water in temperature regulation?

It helps to maintain a stable internal temperature (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which water evaporates from leaf surfaces to cool plants?

Transpiration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of mineral salts in the human body?

1% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of blood, sap, and other bodily fluids?

Water (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which water breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones?

Hydrolysis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are minerals categorized into in human and animal nutrition?

Macro-elements and micro-elements (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Energy storage and structural roles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process where excessive growth of aquatic plants and algae leads to oxygen depletion in water bodies?

Eutrophication (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of fertilisers are derived from natural sources like manure?

Organic (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Energy storage (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of plant cell walls?

Cellulose (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the variety of lipids that are liquid at room temperature?

Unsaturated fats (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an essential micro-element for plants?

Iron (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RNA in living organisms?

Protein synthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the application of substances to soils to supply nutrients for plant growth?

Fertilisation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a cell wall in plant cells?

Provides structural strength and protection (C) Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the cell theory in 1838?

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann (A) Signup and view all the answers

In a light microscope, where is the specimen placed for observation?

On the microscope stage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Photosynthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is unique to animal cells?

Lysosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do TEM and SEM differ from light microscopes?

They use electron beams instead of light to achieve high magnification (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of magnification calculation in microscopy?

To estimate the size of objects observed (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT common between plant and animal cells?

Centrioles (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Transport and communication between adjacent cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the clean storage of a light microscope essential?

To avoid contamination of the specimens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus in both plant and animal cells?

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for controlling the cell’s activities and storing genetic material in both plant and animal cells?

Nucleus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Rough ER in both plant and animal cells?

Protein synthesis and processing (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which process is unique to plant cells involving chloroplasts for energy production?

Photosynthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microvilli and pseudopodia in relation to the cell membrane?

Nutrient intake and waste removal (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structural component of the cell membrane is involved in cell recognition and signaling?

Carbohydrates (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Smooth ER in both plant and animal cells?

Synthesis of lipids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Vacuole in plant cells compared to animal cells?

Maintaining cell rigidity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which model describes the cell membrane as a dynamic and fluid structure?

Fluid Mosaic Model (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of membrane transport involves the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane?

Osmosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical test is used to identify the presence of proteins?

Biuret and Millon's reagents (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin plays a crucial role in visual health and immune function?

Vitamin A (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which deficiency disease is caused by a lack of Vitamin B3?

Pellagra (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is important for bone and teeth mineralization?

Vitamin D (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

Preventing deficiency diseases (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which food group is rich in vitamin B complex?

Legumes and nuts (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical test is used for identifying the presence of starch?

Starch test with iodine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency disease can cause impaired wound healing?

Scurvy (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is important for collagen formation and tissue repair?

Vitamin C (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical test is used to identify the presence of fats and oils?

Lipid tests (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of listing nutrient contents on food packages?

To inform consumers about nutrients in their food (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient provides the most calories per gram?

Fats (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct caloric content for a single gram of protein?

4 kcal (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of malnutrition?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) value for Vitamin A for males aged 19-30?

900 micrograms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of microscope significantly improved the clarity and magnification of cellular structures in the early 1900s?

Sophisticated light microscope (C) Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered plant cells in 1665?

Robert Hooke (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which microscope development introduced detailed visualization of intricate internal structures like organelles?

Electron microscopes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a balanced diet?

Including a variety of foods in appropriate quantities and proportions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main energy source for the body?

Carbohydrates (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient without energy input?

Carrier-facilitated transport (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the cell membrane interact with the cytoskeleton?

It provides structural support (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of Microvilli in relation to the cell membrane?

It increases the surface area (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is involved in the uptake of larger particles?

Phagocytic vesicles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the S phase during interphase?

Each chromosome is duplicated by the cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell when its surface area to volume ratio becomes too low?

The cell becomes inefficient at managing material exchange (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle do the chromatids separate?

Anaphase (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which process moves molecules against their concentration gradient and requires energy in the form of ATP?

Active transport (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport is typically used for glucose?

Carrier-facilitated diffusion (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is essential for thyroid hormone production?

Zinc (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of iron in plants?

Chlorophyll production (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is vital for metabolic functions such as enzyme activation?

Manganese (C) Signup and view all the answers

Inorganic fertilisers can lead to which environmental issue?

Eutrophication (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient deficiency can lead to oxygen depletion in water bodies?

Phosphorus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organic compound is known for its energy storage function in animals?

Glycogen (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid type is found in plants and is typically liquid at room temperature?

Unsaturated fats (B) Signup and view all the answers

Proteins play a key role in which biological function?

Immune protection (D) Signup and view all the answers

RNA is crucial for which cellular process?

Protein synthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of DNA in organisms?

Genetic information storage (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which element is essential for life but is not mentioned in the text as a common element essential to life?

Phosphorus (P) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Both molecules and compounds are made of multiple types of elements, but compounds have a fixed ratio of elements. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an organic compound?

Table salt (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the common elements essential to life plays a role in bone formation and nerve signaling?

Calcium (Ca) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of atoms do not retain the properties of an element after being split?

Multi-element compounds (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid statement about covalent bonds?

Covalent bonds require elements to be positively charged. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which major inorganic compound is highlighted for its role in temperature regulation, structural support, and as a transport medium in living organisms?

Water (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which key function of water explains its role as a lubricant in various body systems?

Lubrication (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant role that carbohydrates play in living organisms?

Energy Storage and Structural Functions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which category of minerals includes elements like calcium, potassium, and sodium, essential for structural integrity and nerve transmission?

Macro-elements (C) Signup and view all the answers

The primary characteristic that allows water to absorb and release heat slowly, aiding in temperature regulation, is attributed to its:

High Heat Capacity (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is described as inorganic due to lacking carbon-hydrogen bonds and being fundamental in various biological and ecological processes?

Sodium Chloride (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of nucleic acids crucial for living organisms?

Genetic Information Storage and Transmission (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient category makes up approximately 65% of the human body and is vital for various biological functions?

Water (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes inorganic compounds from organic compounds regarding their chemical structures?

Presence of Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of listing nutrient contents on food packages by food manufacturers?

To help consumers compare their intake with RDA values (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient provides the least amount of energy per gram?

Carbohydrates (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a balanced diet according to the text?

To ensure the right balance of various nutrients (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the development of the electron microscope revolutionize cell study?

By providing higher magnification and resolution (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin plays a crucial role in visual health and immune function according to the text?

Vitamin A (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is malnutrition primarily caused by according to the text?

Eating a diet lacking essential nutrients (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is Vitamin C essential for both genders according to the text?

To support the immune system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main sources of obtaining Iron according to the text?

Red meat and spinach (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Vitamin D in the human body as stated in the text?

To aid in bone health and calcium absorption (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient serves as the body's main energy source based on the information provided?

Carbohydrates (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Benedict's and Fehling's tests?

To identify reducing sugars such as glucose (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Vitamin D in the body?

Enhances the intestinal absorption of crucial minerals like calcium and phosphate (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamins?

Synthesizing proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

To prevent deficiency diseases in an otherwise healthy population (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the starch test with iodine?

To detect the presence of starch (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vitamins is important for immune function?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of lipid tests?

To identify fats and oils (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Vitamin E in the body?

Functions as an antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of Vitamin B Complex?

Facilitates a wide range of metabolic processes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Breakdown of waste materials and cellular debris (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is involved in cell division and the formation of spindle fibers in animal cells?

Centrioles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What provides structural strength, protection, and shape to plant cells?

Cell wall (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle serves as the storage for water and other substances in plant cells?

Vacuole (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Housing DNA to direct cellular activities (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle performs photosynthesis in plant cells?

Chloroplasts (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells for transport and communication called?

Plasmodesmata (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a light microscope should be carefully handled to preserve functionality and precision?

Objective lenses (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do organelles contribute to a cell's vitality and maintenance?

By performing distinct processes necessary for vitality (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Mitosis in the cell cycle?

To divide the cell into two daughter cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does the DNA condense into distinct forms in preparation for cell division?

Prophase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the surface area to volume ratio in cells?

To control material exchange with the environment (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure increases the surface area of the cell membrane to enhance nutrient absorption?

Microvilli (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Pinocytotic vesicles in the cell?

Uptake of liquids (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA duplicated by the cell?

S Phase (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which process moves substances using specific carrier proteins without utilizing energy?

Carrier-Facilitated Transport (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component integrates closely with the cell membrane for material transfer and signaling?

Cytoskeleton (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle involves chromosomes aligning at the cell's equator?

Metaphase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Active Transport in cellular mechanisms?

To provide energy in the form of ATP (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleus in plant and animal cells?

Storing genetic material (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between plant and animal cells in terms of vacuoles?

Function (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the cell theory?

Cells are the basic building blocks of life (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rough ER in plant and animal cells?

Protein synthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration?

Diffusion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in both plant and animal cells?

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the phospholipid bilayer?

Phospholipids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique to plant cells?

Photosynthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of molecules moving through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to one of higher concentration?

Osmosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A description of the cell membrane (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the organic compounds primarily distinguished by?

Carbon content (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes an element?

A single type of atom (A) Signup and view all the answers

What defines an atom's unique characteristics?

Atomic structure including electron arrangement and nucleus proton number (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding compounds and molecules?

All compounds are molecules (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key basis for categorizing compounds into organic or inorganic groups?

Carbon presence (D) Signup and view all the answers

In what form can molecules exist?

Properties of the substance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Energy storage and insulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human body is composed of proteins?

18% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the structure of inorganic compounds?

Simple chemical structures lacking carbon-hydrogen bonds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of water in temperature regulation?

Absorbing and releasing heat slowly (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an inorganic compound?

Carbon dioxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

Genetic information storage and transmission (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered in water?

71% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of water as a solvent?

Dissolving more substances than any other liquid (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of blood, sap, and other bodily fluids?

Water (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which inorganic compound is essential for structural integrity in plants?

Mineral salts (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of starch test with iodine?

To identify starch (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vitamins in the body?

To facilitate metabolic processes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is crucial for visual health and immune function?

Vitamin A (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Benedict's and Fehling's tests?

To identify reducing sugars (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main sources of Vitamin D?

Dairy products, egg yolk, and liver (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Vitamin E in the body?

To protect cells from oxidative stress (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the RDA?

To provide a guideline for nutrients intake to prevent deficiency diseases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lipids in the body?

To provide energy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proteins in the body?

To provide structure and function to cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Carrier-Facilitated Transport and Active Transport?

Carrier-Facilitated Transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, while Active Transport does not. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do Microvilli play in relation to the cell membrane?

Microvilli enhance absorption of nutrients by increasing the cell membrane's surface area. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is typically responsible for the transport of Glucose?

Carrier-Facilitated Diffusion (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the surface area to volume ratio of a cell important?

To ensure effective nutrient acquisition and waste management. (A) Signup and view all the answers

During which sub-phase of Interphase are cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes, duplicated?

G1 Phase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific function of Pinocytotic Vesicles in cellular processes?

Aid in the absorption of liquids. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle involves the duplication of each chromosome by the cell?

S Phase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to chromosomes during the Telophase phase of cell division?

Chromosomes de-condense and nuclear membranes reform. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in cellular coordination?

Facilitates material transfer and signaling pathways. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells undergo division to form smaller cells as per text explanation?

To maintain an effective surface area to volume ratio. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleus in both plant and animal cells?

Storing genetic material and controlling cell activities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of vacuoles?

Function and structure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

Forming a barrier that protects the cell contents (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration?

Diffusion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique to plant cells and occurs in chloroplasts?

Photosynthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid mosaic model describing the cell membrane?

A dynamic and fluid structure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of proteins in the cell membrane?

Regulating transport of molecules (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the cell theory?

Cells are the basic building blocks of life (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to one of higher concentration?

Osmosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient deficiency can lead to oxygen depletion in water bodies due to excessive growth of aquatic plants and algae?

Phosphorus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Energy storage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural component of the cell membrane?

Phospholipids (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organic compound is responsible for storing genetic information?

Nucleic acids (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a micro-nutrient required by plants for chlorophyll production?

Iron (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fat is typically solid at room temperature?

Saturated fat (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid statement about covalent bonds?

They are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a characteristic of the Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane?

The membrane is static and rigid. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Genetic information storage and processing (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is essential for thyroid hormone production?

Iodine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamins in the human body?

Producing enzymes and hormones (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many calories are provided by one gram of fats?

9 kcal (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which microscopy technique allowed detailed visualization of intricate internal structures like organelles?

Electron microscopy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main sources of Vitamin A mentioned in the text?

Carrots and pumpkins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What mineral, mentioned in the text, is important for blood health and sourced from red meat and spinach?

Iron (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which compound, critical for life, is found in blood, sap, and other bodily fluids?

Water (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in both plant and animal cells?

Lipid synthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the caloric content of a food item?

The caloric content of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily RDA for males and females aged 19-30 for Vitamin C?

75 mg for both genders (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of fats in the diet, which provide about 9 kcal per gram?

Meats and dairy products (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?

They are involved in cell division and the formation of spindle fibers. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which microscopy method uses beams of electrons instead of light?

Electron microscopy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a balanced diet?

To ensure the body receives a variety of nutrients in the correct proportions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main energy source for the body?

Carbohydrates (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the surface area to volume ratio in cells?

To facilitate the movement of substances in and out of the cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which category of minerals includes elements like calcium, potassium, and sodium, essential for structural integrity and nerve transmission?

Macro-elements (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lysosomes in animal cells?

To contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main energy storage molecule produced during photosynthesis?

Glucose (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which microscope development introduced detailed visualization of intricate internal structures like organelles?

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What organelle serves as the control center of the cell?

Nucleus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of skeleton allows organisms to maneuver through narrow spaces and adapt their shape to environmental conditions?

Hydrostatic skeleton (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton offers no solid support, thus limiting the size and mobility of organisms on land?

Hydrostatic skeleton (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what environment must organisms with hydrostatic skeletons reside to prevent desiccation?

Moist or aquatic environments (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which advantage of hydrostatic skeletons results from requiring less energy for movement due to the fluid dynamics of the skeleton?

Energy efficiency (C) Signup and view all the answers

What feature of hydrostatic skeletons allows for faster recovery from damage?

Fluid-filled cavity (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton consists of a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles?

Hydrostatic skeleton (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

Attaching muscles to bones (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the vertebral column, which type of vertebrae forms the lower back?

Lumbar Vertebrae (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of bones in the human body?

Creating structural integrity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint enables free movement in various directions?

Synovial joints (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

Providing joint stability (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body do the thoracic vertebrae connect to in the human skeleton?

Ribs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pectoral girdle in the human body?

Supporting the upper limbs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue does not contain blood vessels or nerves?

Cartilage (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which areas of the body can fibrous joints be found?

Skull (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the coccygeal vertebrae group?

Forming the tailbone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

Connecting muscles to bones within joints (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are bones considered critical for locomotion?

To provide structural framework and support for the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

Attaching muscles to bones for precise movements (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle tissue is consciously controlled to perform various actions?

Skeletal muscle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of antagonistic muscles in the musculoskeletal system?

To work in opposition to move bones at joints (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is cartilage important in the musculoskeletal system?

To reduce friction between bones during movement (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of joints in the context of locomotion?

Preventing dislocations by providing stability (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the musculoskeletal system, what is the primary function of bones during activities that involve heavy loads?

Supporting the body's weight and resisting deformation (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do tendons contribute to energy efficiency during locomotion?

By storing and releasing energy during running (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle tissue plays a key role in various physical activities like running and walking?

Skeletal muscle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of exoskeletons?

To protect against external damage and dehydration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of arthropods?

Exoskeletons (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of exoskeletons?

They require moulting to accommodate growth (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the axial skeleton?

To support the body's weight and protect internal organs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of bone found in the wrist and ankle?

Short bones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

To support the lower limbs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endoskeleton?

To facilitate growth accommodation and flexible movement (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of endoskeletons?

Found in vertebrates including humans, mammals, birds, and fish (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rib cage?

To protect the heart and lungs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vertebral column?

To support the body's weight and house the spinal cord (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the atria during the diastole phase of the heartbeat?

They relax (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the SA node in the heart?

To control the heartbeat (B) Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the stretch receptors in the right atrium during physical activity?

Increased CO2 levels (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does oxygenated blood return to the heart from?

Pulmonary veins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the semilunar valves during diastole?

They close (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of blood flow in the heart?

Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the circulatory system in animals?

To transport nutrients and oxygen to tissues and remove waste products (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of circulatory system is characterized by the flow of blood and bodily fluids into an open body cavity?

Open circulatory system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of a closed circulatory system over an open circulatory system?

Faster blood flow (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms possess a double circulatory system?

Mammals and birds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation in the human circulatory system?

To receive oxygen and unload carbon dioxide from the blood (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between open and closed circulatory systems?

The flow of blood and bodily fluids into an open body cavity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of a double circulatory system over a single circulatory system?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of an open circulatory system?

Blood vessels open into an interior cavity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart in a closed circulatory system?

To pump blood through a network of blood vessels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

To transport nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which animal group exhibits a single circulation pathway?

Fish (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

To remove waste products and excess water from tissues (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pathway that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation?

Pulmonary circulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the organ that helps in the production and maturation of lymphocytes?

Thymus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cardiovascular system that allows for efficient blood flow?

Double circulation pathway (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lymph nodes?

To filter lymph, trapping bacteria and other microorganisms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fluid that removes waste products and excess water from tissues?

Lymph (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the heart in the body?

Behind the sternum and nestled between the lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pathway that moves oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to all parts of the body?

Systemic circulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of protein filaments involved in muscle contraction?

Actin and myosin (A) Signup and view all the answers

During muscle contraction, what happens to the length of myosin filaments?

They remain the same (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

Storing and releasing calcium ions for muscle contraction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused primarily by deficiencies in vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus?

Rickets (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key factors contributing to the development of osteoporosis?

Physical inactivity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of arthritis is an autoimmune disorder?

Rheumatoid arthritis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary forms of arthritis affecting joints?

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Vitamin D in bone health, according to the text?

Crucial for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the gut (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of osteoporosis according to the text?

Excessive bone resorption due to estrogen deficiency (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary nutrients required for bone health as mentioned in the text?

Calcium, Vitamin D, and Phosphorus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of pericardial fluid in the heart?

It serves as a cushion for the heart during contraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which heart valve is found between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

Mitral valve (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is responsible for pumping blood into the body?

Ventricular systole (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cardiovascular disease is characterized by persistently high blood pressure?

Hypertension (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which heart chamber is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs?

Right ventricle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in both plant and animal cells?

Lipid metabolism (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which macro-molecule is commonly known as the building block of the cellular skeleton (cytoskeleton)?

Proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is responsible for the forceful contractions that pump blood throughout the body?

Myocardium (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is lined with a smooth epithelial layer for efficient blood flow?

Endocardium (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular organelle is known for controlling a cell's activities and storing genetic information?

Nucleus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

Prevent excessive movements at joints (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

Connect muscles to bones (C) Signup and view all the answers

In human locomotion, which element provides a smooth movement at joints and reduces friction?

Cartilage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of antagonistic muscles?

They work in opposition to each other (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the skeleton largely depends on joints for stability and mobility?

Bones (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of myofibrils in muscle tissue?

Convert muscle contractions into movement (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do antagonistic muscles contribute to movement?

By working in opposition to each other (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of synovial joints in the skeletal system?

Enable a wide range of movement (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue covers the ends of bones at joints to reduce friction during movement?

Cartilage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What do muscle fibers contain that is responsible for muscle contraction?

Myofibrils (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of exoskeletons?

To provide external protection and support (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton is characteristic of vertebrates including humans, mammals, birds, and fish?

Endoskeleton (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of exoskeletons?

They require moulting to accommodate growth (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?

To protect internal organs and support the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vertebral column?

To house the spinal cord and support the body's weight (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone provides stability and support with slight movements?

Short bones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pelvic girdle?

To support the lower limbs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which category of bones includes the vertebral column?

Irregular bones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of the skull?

To protect the brain and form the structure of the face (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of skeleton allows for movement by the contraction of muscles against fluid pressure within a cavity?

Hydrostatic skeleton (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton offers the advantage of flexibility, allowing organisms to maneuver through narrow spaces and adapt their shape to environmental conditions?

Hydrostatic skeleton (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeletal structure requires less energy for movement due to the fluid dynamics of the skeleton?

Hydrostatic skeleton (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton allows for faster recovery from damage due to its simple structure and fluid nature?

Hydrostatic skeleton (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton is found in organisms such as jellyfish, earthworms, and starfish?

Hydrostatic skeleton (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeletal structure requires organisms to reside in moist or aquatic environments to prevent desiccation?

Hydrostatic skeleton (A) Signup and view all the answers

What connects multiple fascicles within a muscle, forming an entire muscle?

Epimysium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What protein primarily makes up actin filaments in the sarcomeres of myofibrils?

Actin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle in muscle cells is responsible for storing and releasing calcium ions crucial for muscle contraction?

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral deficiency can lead to softening of bones and bone deformities in children?

Calcium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What imbalance in the bone remodeling process characterizes osteoporosis?

Decreased bone density (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of arthritis results from mechanical wear and tear on joints, typically developing with age?

Osteoarthritis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do myosin filaments primarily interact with during muscle contraction?

Actin filaments (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy currency that provides energy for myosin heads to bind to actin during muscle contraction?

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) (B) Signup and view all the answers

In adults, which group is most susceptible to osteoporosis due to hormonal changes impacting bone density?

Postmenopausal women (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral plays a crucial role in bone mineralization and strength, leading to bone deformities in children with deficiencies?

Calcium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood in step 3 of the sequence of blood flow described in the passage?

It is pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries for oxygenation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body?

Right atrium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that accelerates the heartbeat during physical activities?

Elevated CO2 levels (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the natural pacemaker of the heart?

SA node (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are the semilunar valves involved in the heart's function?

Prevent backflow of blood into the atria (B) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cycle does the process of blood returning to the left atrium from the lungs occur?

Step 4 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of the pectoral girdle?

Clavicle and scapula (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human body?

7 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vertebrae connects to the ribs?

Thoracic (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of muscles in the musculoskeletal system?

Facilitating movement and interaction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary components of bone tissue?

Collagen fibers and mineral salts (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do tendons contribute to the musculoskeletal system?

Attaching muscles to bones to facilitate movement (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows for free movement in various directions?

Synovial joints (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for replacing cartilage with bone tissue during growth?

Ossification (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the coccygeal vertebrae group?

Typically serving as the tailbone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

Providing joint stability by connecting bones to other bones (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which system is primarily found in invertebrates such as arthropods and mollusks?

Open circulatory system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of a closed circulatory system compared to an open circulatory system?

Faster blood flow and better regulation of blood distribution (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the circulatory system in humans?

Double circulatory pathway (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pulmonary circulation in the human body?

To send deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of circulatory system is characterized by the flow of blood and bodily fluids into an open body cavity?

Open circulatory system (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a closed circulatory system?

Slower blood flow (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of a double circulatory system over a single circulatory system?

Higher pressure and faster flow of blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the open circulatory system?

Blood vessels open into an interior cavity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the systemic circulation in the human body?

To distribute oxygenated blood to body tissues (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

To transport nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pathway that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body?

Systemic Circulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the lymphatic system that filters lymph, trapping bacteria and other microorganisms?

Lymph Nodes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which system relies on muscle movements and valves to help transport lymph through an open system?

Lymphatic System (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the heart in the human body?

Behind the sternum and nestled between the lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in immune responses?

To provide an environment for lymphocyte production and maturation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for draining lymph from the tissues into the blood?

Lymphatic System (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinct feature of the double circulation pathway?

Blood passes through the heart twice per complete circuit (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pericardium in the heart?

To encase the heart (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pericardial fluid?

To minimize friction and facilitate heart movement during contraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is composed of striated cardiac muscle?

Cardiac Walls (Myocardium) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood does the superior vena cava transport?

Deoxygenated blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition causes cardiac muscle death due to oxygen deprivation?

Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during atrial systole?

The sino-atrial (SA) node generates an electrical impulse causing atria to contract (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does ventricular systole cause?

Tricuspid and bicuspid valves close to prevent backflow (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by general relaxation?

Diastole (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the heart delivers oxygenated blood to the body?

Aorta (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of atrial systole in seconds?

0.1 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for high blood pressure?

Hypertension (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood fill the atria from the superior and inferior vena cava and the pulmonary veins?

Diastole (A) Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism prevents the backflow of blood in the aorta and the pulmonary arteries?

Semilunar Valves (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily controls the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat acting as a natural pacemaker?

SA Node (B) Signup and view all the answers

What factor can accelerate the heartbeat significantly during physical activities?

Physical Expansion of the Right Atrium (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves the relaxation of both atria and ventricles?

Diastole (A) Signup and view all the answers

What influences the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat aside from the SA node?

Elevated Emotional States (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

Provide stability to joints and prevent excessive movements (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of tendons in muscle movement?

Assist in storing and releasing energy during locomotion (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do antagonistic muscles contribute to bone movement at joints?

Facilitate smooth and controlled movements (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the musculoskeletal system, what is the purpose of cartilage at joints?

Reduce friction between bones during movement (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of myofibrils in muscle tissue?

Responsible for muscle contraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of muscle fibers due to their structure?

Alternating light and dark bands (A) Signup and view all the answers

How are muscle fibers grouped together for efficient muscle function?

In bundles known as fascicles (C) Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds muscle fibers in bundles known as fascicles?

Endomysium (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is consciously controlled for various physical activities like running and walking?

Skeletal muscle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical structure of skeletal muscle from basic units to larger bundles?

Myofibrils, muscle fibers, fascicles (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which component provides support and flexibility at joints?

Ligaments (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

Connect muscles to bones (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows free movement in various directions?

Synovial joints (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinctive feature of the cervical vertebrae in the vertebral column?

Form the neck (B) Signup and view all the answers

What process replaces cartilage with bone tissue during growth?

Ossification (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which skeleton structure is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles?

Hydroskeleton (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synovial fluid in synovial joints?

Reduce friction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the thoracic vertebrae?

Connect to the ribs (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which connective tissue type plays a role in joint stability?

Cartilage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system regarding circulatory mechanisms?

The cardiovascular system uses the heart to pump blood through closed vessels. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which function is unique to the cardiovascular system but NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Absorbing fatty acids from the digestive system (B) Signup and view all the answers

In single circulation, exemplified by fish, what pathway does the blood follow after reaching the gills for oxygenation?

To the rest of the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the lymphatic system assists in the production and maturation of lymphocytes crucial for immune responses?

Thymus (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the double circulation system differ from the single circulation system?

Double circulation has blood passing through the heart twice per circuit. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which is a function unique to the lymphatic system and NOT performed by the cardiovascular system?

Absorbing and transporting fatty acids from the digestive system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role does the spleen play in the lymphatic system?

Producing and maturing lymphocytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the lymphatic system's circulation mechanism?

Uses muscle movements and valves to transport lymph (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?

Filtering lymph (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the cardiovascular system, what is the primary function of the closed network of vessels?

Efficiently distributing oxygen, nutrients, and hormones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hydrostatic skeletons?

To allow for movement by muscle contraction against fluid pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of hydrostatic skeletons?

They enable rapid healing from damage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of environment do organisms with hydrostatic skeletons typically reside in?

Moist or aquatic environments (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of hydrostatic skeletons?

They offer no solid support (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of hydrostatic skeletons?

They consist of a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an organism with a hydrostatic skeleton?

Jellyfish (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of exoskeletons?

To offer robust external protection and support (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of endoskeletons?

Found in vertebrates including humans (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of exoskeletons?

It requires moulting to accommodate growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the axial skeleton?

To protect the brain and spinal cord (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rib cage?

To protect the heart and lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

To support the lower limbs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of bones in the adult human skeleton?

206 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone provides stability and support with slight movements?

Short bones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the skull?

To protect the brain and form the structure of the face (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vertebral column?

To house the spinal cord and support the body's weight (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of circulatory system is typically found in vertebrates?

Closed circulatory system (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which type of circulatory system does blood circulate through the heart only once per cycle?

Single circulatory pathway (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the human circulatory system sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation?

Pulmonary circulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of circulatory system is less efficient compared to closed systems due to the lack of directional flow?

Open circulatory system (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which type of organisms is an open circulatory system primarily found?

Invertebrates (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which components are part of the human circulatory system?

Heart, lungs, systemic arteries, pulmonary veins (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of circulatory system involves two separate circuits: the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit?

Double circulatory pathway (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of circulatory system is adequate for smaller or less active invertebrates, while being less efficient due to the slower flow?

Open circulatory system (D) Signup and view all the answers

In advanced vertebrates, what is the advantage of a double circulatory system involving a left and right ventricle?

Enables efficient oxygen supply and faster blood flow (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the closed circulatory system, what organ is responsible for pumping the blood through the vessels?

Heart (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of protein filaments that interact during muscle contraction?

Actin filaments and myosin filaments (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient deficiency can lead to rickets in children?

Vitamin D deficiency (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

Calcium ions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle in muscle fibers contains mitochondria to provide energy during muscle contraction?

Sarcoplasm (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which autoimmune disorder causes inflammation and damage primarily in the hands and feet?

Rheumatoid arthritis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which bone disorder occurs due to an imbalance in the bone remodeling process?

Osteoporosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is primarily responsible for the structure of thin filaments in muscle cells?

Actin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the myosin filaments (thick filaments) in muscle contraction?

They bind to actin filaments and undergo power strokes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy source for the myosin heads to bind to actin during muscle contraction?

ATP (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?

They act as signaling molecules to initiate muscle contraction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pericardial fluid?

It minimizes friction and facilitates the heart's movement during contraction. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which valve prevents backflow during the contraction of the left ventricle?

Aortic valve (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which vein carries oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium of the heart?

Pulmonary veins (A) Signup and view all the answers

A heart attack is often caused by which condition?

Obstruction of coronary arteries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the atria during atrial systole?

Force blood into the ventricles (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the contraction of the ventricles?

Ventricular systole (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart?

Superior vena cava (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of regular exercise in preventing heart diseases?

Improve cardiovascular health (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitral valve in the heart?

Prevent backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which heart phase is characterized by the relaxation and expansion of all heart chambers?

Diastole (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Growth and expansion (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where does mitotic activity prominently occur in animals?

Bone marrow and basal layers of the skin (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Metaphase (C) Signup and view all the answers

In animal cells, what process allows for the migration of centrioles to opposite poles of the cell?

Centrosome formation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell division results in four daughter cells with the exact same genetic information as the parent cell?

Meiosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the cell cycle involves the duplication of DNA and chromatin thickening?

Interphase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cork cambium in perennial plants?

It forms the bark for additional protection (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endodermis in a dicotyledonous stem?

To regulate water and nutrient movement (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which plant growth form is characterized by multiple woody stems growing from the base?

Shrubs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vascular cambium in plant stems?

To facilitate the growth of xylem and phloem (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the pericycle in a dicotyledonous stem?

To strengthen the stem (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue in plant stems primarily moves water and minerals up from the roots?

Xylem (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the epidermis in a dicotyledonous stem?

To minimize water loss (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the epidermis in the root system of dicotyledonous plants?

Absorption of water and minerals (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which plant growth form do stems play a role in asexual reproduction?

Herbs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the cortex in dicotyledonous roots does not have a waterproof cuticle?

Cortex (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of the vascular bundles in plant stems?

Transport (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Casparian strip in dicotyledonous plant roots?

Forms a waterproof barrier (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are stomata essential for plant function?

For gas exchange and water vapor exit (D) Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plant stems, what is the role of collenchyma cells in the cortex layer?

Support and flexibility (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where are the vascular bundles typically arranged in the stem of dicotyledonous plants?

In a ring pattern (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in a dicotyledonous stem facilitates secondary growth during plant development?

Pericycle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue divides to produce new phloem and xylem in dicotyledonous stems?

Cambium (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a dicotyledonous stem is primarily composed of parenchyma cells facilitating nutrient storage and substance transport?

Pith (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of growth occurs through the activity of the cambium in dicotyledonous plants?

Secondary growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer contains the Casparian strip in the cortex of dicotyledonous roots?

Endodermis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the xylem in plants?

To facilitate the upward transport of water and mineral salts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dermal tissue in plants?

To protect the plant from external factors and reduce water loss (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant tissue has thick lignified walls, providing rigidity and strength?

Sclerenchyma (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which roots stabilize plants, helping them withstand environmental forces like wind and rain?

Anchorage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of xylem in plants?

To transport water and minerals from roots to leaves (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of root system is characterized by a main tap root that develops lateral roots, forming a deep and sturdy system?

Tap Root System (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue serves as a protective layer, covering the body surfaces and lining internal cavities in animals?

Epithelial tissue (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer layer of the root that has root hairs for water and mineral absorption?

Epidermis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of embryonic stem cells?

To differentiate into specialized cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the phloem in plants?

To transport organic nutrients from the leaves downward to the roots (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loss of water vapor through stomata, which plays a crucial role in plant physiology?

Transpiration (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by its ability to contract and is essential for movement?

Muscle tissue (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phloem tissue in plants?

To transport photosynthetic products throughout the plant (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pericycle in dicotyledonous plant roots?

To contribute to structural integrity and lateral root growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil?

Nutrient Uptake (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial tissue is involved in secretion and absorption, commonly found in glandular tissues?

Cuboidal epithelium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cambium in plant roots?

To produce new xylem and phloem tissues (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ground tissue in plants?

To facilitate photosynthesis and storage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy employs radiation to destroy cancer cells?

Radiotherapy (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which alternative remedy is often used alongside conventional cancer treatments?

Tea from Cancer Bush (C) Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle modification can reduce cancer risk?

Regular physical activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which plant tissue is responsible for thickness growth?

Lateral meristems (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do root hairs play in the uptake of water and minerals in plants?

They increase the surface area for absorption (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of meristematic tissue in plants?

Continual growth and division (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the study of stem anatomy impact practical applications in fields like botany and agriculture?

It provides foundational knowledge for crop selection and breeding (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cells from the meristematic regions after they differentiate?

They become part of the permanent tissues (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue provides insulation and energy reserves?

Adipose tissue (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tissues in multicellular organisms?

Organizing cells into groups that form organs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants in terms of stem anatomy?

Dicotyledonous plants have vascular bundles arranged in a ring, while monocotyledonous plants have scattered vascular bundles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of neurons in the body?

Transmitting electrical and chemical signals (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of uptake of water and minerals in the roots?

To transport nutrients to the leaves for growth (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron facilitates communication between sensory and motor neurons?

Interneurons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the cells in the meristematic tissue characterized by?

Small cells with dense cytoplasm (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the understanding of stem anatomy impact conservation efforts?

It provides knowledge for the restoration of degraded ecosystems (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do cells in the meristematic tissue contribute to plant growth?

By continual division (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary responses?

Autonomic nervous system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meristematic tissue in plants?

To serve as the growth regions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of diviners in traditional communities?

To diagnose and solve community problems (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell in nerve tissue is responsible for conducting impulses away?

Axons (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Vitamin E in the body?

Serving as an antioxidant and promoting cellular health (A) Signup and view all the answers

What organ in the body helps in the production and maturation of lymphocytes?

Spleen (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a closed circulatory system?

Blood delivers nutrients and oxygen to cells directly, without blood vessels (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle involves chromosomes aligning at the cell's equator?

Metaphase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between plant and animal cells in terms of chromosome separation during mitosis?

Plant cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis, while animal cells constrict the cell membrane. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does understanding mitosis impact the field of cancer research?

Each phase of mitosis is targeted by different scientific methods to control cell growth and division. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the characteristics of cancer cells?

They continue to multiply despite growth inhibition signals and can even invade other tissues. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of cancer?

Myosarcomas (D) Signup and view all the answers

What causes some cancer cells to spread through the bloodstream?

Angiogenesis allows the entry of cancer cells into the bloodstream. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do certain environmental factors contribute to the development of cancer?

They promote genetic mutations that disrupt cell proliferation and increase cancer risk. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following misconceptions about cancer is NOT true?

Cancer affects people of all ages (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the conventional cancer treatment that involves surgical removal of a cancer tumor from the body?

Surgical resection (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which conventional cancer treatment targets the cancer cells' ability to divide rapidly?

Chemotherapy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What prompts the creation of new blood vessels, providing nutrients to a tumor and enabling it to spread further?

Angiogenesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Expanding by multiplying cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which unicellular organisms utilize mitosis as a means of reproduction?

Amoebas (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where does mitotic activity primarily occur in animal cells?

Basal skin layers (B) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Metaphase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of interphase in the cell cycle?

DNA replication (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which organisms is mitosis observed in regions like the apical meristem and lateral meristem?

Plants (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of meristematic tissue in plants?

Plant growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant tissue does not generally divide?

Xylem tissue (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tissues in multicellular organisms?

Supporting life (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of meristematic tissue structure?

Lack of intercellular spaces (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do tissues contribute to the survival of living organisms?

By supporting organ functions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of tissues grouping identical cells?

Efficient biological processes (C) Signup and view all the answers

In what way do plant organs illustrate cellular specialization?

By performing specific functions collectively (A) Signup and view all the answers

What do specialized tissues enable plants to do?

Grow in specific directions (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do permanent tissues differ from meristematic tissues?

Permanent tissues generally divide (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do tissues organize cells into groups in multicellular organisms?

For efficient biological processes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of loose connective tissue (areolar) in the body?

Cushions and supports organs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is characterized by a rigid structure that supports the body and aids in movement?

Bone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of neurons in nerve tissue?

Transmitting electrical signals (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system acts as a conduit for signals between the brain and the rest of the body?

Central Nervous System (CNS) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) in the body?

Controls voluntary movements (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neurons carry messages from the body's sensory receptors to the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Unipolar neurons (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the dendrites in a neuron?

Receive impulses from other neurons (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which supporting cells insulate axons and enhance signal transmission in nerve tissue?

Schwann cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in nerve tissue?

Influencing bodily functions and responses (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which form of the nervous system controls involuntary responses such as heart rate and digestion?

Autonomic Nervous System (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of roots in plants?

Storage of nutrients (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is responsible for the upward transport of water and mineral salts in roots?

Xylem (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Casparian strip located in the root structure?

Regulate water flow (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant exhibits the Fibrous or Adventitious root system?

Monocots (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transpiration in plants?

Cool the plant (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue transports organic nutrients from leaves to roots in plants?

Phloem (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Pericycle in roots?

Contribute to lateral root growth (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which plant tissue produces new xylem and phloem tissues?

Cambium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the exodermis layer in roots?

Provide mechanical support (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of transpirational pull in plants?

Drive water and nutrient movement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of root hairs in plants?

To increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of studying stem anatomy in plants?

To learn about the evolutionary distinctions between plants (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil?

Uptake of water and mineral salts (C) Signup and view all the answers

What fields of study benefit from the understanding of stem anatomy?

Botany, Agriculture, and Environmental Science (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the absorption of water and minerals by root hairs?

Improved uptake of nutrients for plant growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

To facilitate exponential cell growth (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic unique to cancer cells?

They exhibit uncontrolled cell division (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cancer?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is angiogenesis in cancer?

The process of forming new blood vessels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Benign tumors do not spread, while malignant tumors do (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about cancer?

Cancer is a death sentence (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

To kill cancer cells by targeting their ability to divide rapidly (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which chromosomes split at the centromere?

Anaphase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about mitosis in plant cells?

Plant cells lack centrioles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding mitosis?

It helps us understand developmental biology and genetics (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the taproot system in dicotyledonous plants?

To provide support and anchorage to the ground (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the cortex in dicotyledonous roots?

Parenchyma cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Casparian strip in the endodermis of dicotyledonous roots?

To control the entry of water into the vascular cylinder (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the phloem in dicotyledonous plants?

To distribute sugars and nutrients produced by photosynthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cambium in dicotyledonous stems?

To facilitate secondary growth through the production of new phloem and xylem (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pith in dicotyledonous stems?

To store nutrients and facilitate the transport of substances (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of integrating traditional knowledge with medical biotechnology?

To develop effective treatments and drugs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration in the intersection of indigenous knowledge, medical biotechnology, and ethics?

Cultural preservation versus scientific exploration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical role of roots in the life of a plant?

To provide support and anchorage to the ground (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of sieve tube elements in the phloem tissue?

Photosynthetic product transport (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant tissue provides support and flexibility to growing plant parts?

Collenchyma (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between xylem and phloem tissue in plants?

Xylem cells are dead at maturity, and phloem cells are alive (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of embryonic stem cells in the body?

Specializing into different tissue types during development (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial tissue has flat cells that facilitate diffusion and filtration?

Squamous epithelium (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is under voluntary control and moves bones and other structures?

Skeletal muscle (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of permanent tissue is involved in storage, photosynthesis, and injury repair in plants?

Parenchyma (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of animal tissue has cells that are cube-shaped and are involved in secretion and absorption, commonly found in glandular tissues?

Cuboidal epithelium (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant tissue transports water and minerals from roots to leaves?

Xylem (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs like intestines and blood vessels and plays a role in movements like peristalsis and blood flow regulation?

Smooth muscle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of stems in plants?

To transport water, dissolved minerals, and sugars throughout the plant (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of water and nutrients into the vascular bundles?

Endodermis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant stem can be woody or herbaceous?

Vines (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer protective layer of a dicotyledonous stem?

Epidermis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vascular cambium?

To facilitate the growth of xylem and phloem (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which plants lose water through their leaves?

Transpiration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants?

Seed leaves or cotyledons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cork cambium in perennial plants?

To produce cork cells that form the bark (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of nutrients and water into the stem?

Transport (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of stomata?

To regulate water loss through transpiration (C) Signup and view all the answers

Life Science: June Paper 1 Easy

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a common element essential to life?

What does an atom's unique characteristics depend on?

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

What is a molecule made up of?

What is the smallest unit of an element that retains its properties?

How are organic and inorganic compounds differentiated?

What is unique about the structure of inorganic compounds?

What percentage of the human body is composed of water?

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

What is the role of water in temperature regulation?

What is the term for the process by which water evaporates from leaf surfaces to cool plants?

What is the percentage of mineral salts in the human body?

What is the primary component of blood, sap, and other bodily fluids?

What is the term for the process by which water breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones?

What are minerals categorized into in human and animal nutrition?

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

What is the term for the process where excessive growth of aquatic plants and algae leads to oxygen depletion in water bodies?

What type of fertilisers are derived from natural sources like manure?

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

What is the primary component of plant cell walls?

What is the term for the variety of lipids that are liquid at room temperature?

Which of the following is an essential micro-element for plants?

What is the function of RNA in living organisms?

What is the term for the application of substances to soils to supply nutrients for plant growth?

What is the function of a cell wall in plant cells?

Who developed the cell theory in 1838?

In a light microscope, where is the specimen placed for observation?

What is the purpose of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Which of the following organelles is unique to animal cells?

How do TEM and SEM differ from light microscopes?

What is the purpose of magnification calculation in microscopy?

Which characteristic is NOT common between plant and animal cells?

What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Why is the clean storage of a light microscope essential?

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus in both plant and animal cells?

Which organelle is responsible for controlling the cell’s activities and storing genetic material in both plant and animal cells?

What is the primary function of the Rough ER in both plant and animal cells?

Which process is unique to plant cells involving chloroplasts for energy production?

What is the primary function of microvilli and pseudopodia in relation to the cell membrane?

Which structural component of the cell membrane is involved in cell recognition and signaling?

What is the primary function of the Smooth ER in both plant and animal cells?

What is the primary function of the Vacuole in plant cells compared to animal cells?

Which model describes the cell membrane as a dynamic and fluid structure?

Which type of membrane transport involves the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane?

Which chemical test is used to identify the presence of proteins?

Which vitamin plays a crucial role in visual health and immune function?

Which deficiency disease is caused by a lack of Vitamin B3?

Which vitamin is important for bone and teeth mineralization?

What is the main purpose of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

Which food group is rich in vitamin B complex?

Which chemical test is used for identifying the presence of starch?

Which vitamin deficiency disease can cause impaired wound healing?

Which vitamin is important for collagen formation and tissue repair?

Which chemical test is used to identify the presence of fats and oils?

What is the primary purpose of listing nutrient contents on food packages?

Which macronutrient provides the most calories per gram?

What is the correct caloric content for a single gram of protein?

Which of the following is a potential cause of malnutrition?

What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) value for Vitamin A for males aged 19-30?

What type of microscope significantly improved the clarity and magnification of cellular structures in the early 1900s?

Who discovered plant cells in 1665?

Which microscope development introduced detailed visualization of intricate internal structures like organelles?

What is the primary focus of a balanced diet?

What is the main energy source for the body?

Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient without energy input?

How does the cell membrane interact with the cytoskeleton?

What is the main role of Microvilli in relation to the cell membrane?

Which structure is involved in the uptake of larger particles?

What is the main purpose of the S phase during interphase?

What happens to a cell when its surface area to volume ratio becomes too low?

During which phase of the cell cycle do the chromatids separate?

Which process moves molecules against their concentration gradient and requires energy in the form of ATP?

Which type of transport is typically used for glucose?

Which nutrient is essential for thyroid hormone production?

What is the primary function of iron in plants?

Which nutrient is vital for metabolic functions such as enzyme activation?