Life Science: June Paper 1 Easy
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a common element essential to life?

  • Nitrogen (N)
  • Sodium (Na)
  • Gold (Au) (correct)
  • Oxygen (O)

    • What does an atom's unique characteristics depend on?

  • The temperature in its environment
  • The number of protons in its nucleus (correct)
  • The arrangement of electrons around the nucleus
  • The spatial orientation of the atom

    • Which of the following is an example of a compound?

  • H2O (correct)
  • O2
  • O
  • Fe

    • What is a molecule made up of?

    <p>One or more atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest unit of an element that retains its properties?

    <p>An atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are organic and inorganic compounds differentiated?

    <p>Organic compounds contain carbon bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the structure of inorganic compounds?

    <p>They lack carbon-hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the human body is composed of water?

    <p>60-70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

    <p>Energy storage and structural functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of water in temperature regulation?

    <p>It helps to maintain a stable internal temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which water evaporates from leaf surfaces to cool plants?

    <p>Transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of mineral salts in the human body?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of blood, sap, and other bodily fluids?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which water breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are minerals categorized into in human and animal nutrition?

    <p>Macro-elements and micro-elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

    <p>Energy storage and structural roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where excessive growth of aquatic plants and algae leads to oxygen depletion in water bodies?

    <p>Eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fertilisers are derived from natural sources like manure?

    <p>Organic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of plant cell walls?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the variety of lipids that are liquid at room temperature?

    <p>Unsaturated fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an essential micro-element for plants?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of RNA in living organisms?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the application of substances to soils to supply nutrients for plant growth?

    <p>Fertilisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a cell wall in plant cells?

    <p>Provides structural strength and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the cell theory in 1838?

    <p>Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a light microscope, where is the specimen placed for observation?

    <p>On the microscope stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chloroplasts in plant cells?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles is unique to animal cells?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do TEM and SEM differ from light microscopes?

    <p>They use electron beams instead of light to achieve high magnification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of magnification calculation in microscopy?

    <p>To estimate the size of objects observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT common between plant and animal cells?

    <p>Centrioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

    <p>Transport and communication between adjacent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the clean storage of a light microscope essential?

    <p>To avoid contamination of the specimens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for controlling the cell’s activities and storing genetic material in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Rough ER in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Protein synthesis and processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is unique to plant cells involving chloroplasts for energy production?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microvilli and pseudopodia in relation to the cell membrane?

    <p>Nutrient intake and waste removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural component of the cell membrane is involved in cell recognition and signaling?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Smooth ER in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Synthesis of lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Vacuole in plant cells compared to animal cells?

    <p>Maintaining cell rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model describes the cell membrane as a dynamic and fluid structure?

    <p>Fluid Mosaic Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of membrane transport involves the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical test is used to identify the presence of proteins?

    <p>Biuret and Millon's reagents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin plays a crucial role in visual health and immune function?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency disease is caused by a lack of Vitamin B3?

    <p>Pellagra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is important for bone and teeth mineralization?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

    <p>Preventing deficiency diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food group is rich in vitamin B complex?

    <p>Legumes and nuts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical test is used for identifying the presence of starch?

    <p>Starch test with iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency disease can cause impaired wound healing?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is important for collagen formation and tissue repair?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical test is used to identify the presence of fats and oils?

    <p>Lipid tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of listing nutrient contents on food packages?

    <p>To inform consumers about nutrients in their food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient provides the most calories per gram?

    <p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct caloric content for a single gram of protein?

    <p>4 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of malnutrition?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) value for Vitamin A for males aged 19-30?

    <p>900 micrograms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microscope significantly improved the clarity and magnification of cellular structures in the early 1900s?

    <p>Sophisticated light microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered plant cells in 1665?

    <p>Robert Hooke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope development introduced detailed visualization of intricate internal structures like organelles?

    <p>Electron microscopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a balanced diet?

    <p>Including a variety of foods in appropriate quantities and proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main energy source for the body?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient without energy input?

    <p>Carrier-facilitated transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cell membrane interact with the cytoskeleton?

    <p>It provides structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of Microvilli in relation to the cell membrane?

    <p>It increases the surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is involved in the uptake of larger particles?

    <p>Phagocytic vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the S phase during interphase?

    <p>Each chromosome is duplicated by the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a cell when its surface area to volume ratio becomes too low?

    <p>The cell becomes inefficient at managing material exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle do the chromatids separate?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process moves molecules against their concentration gradient and requires energy in the form of ATP?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport is typically used for glucose?

    <p>Carrier-facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is essential for thyroid hormone production?

    <p>Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of iron in plants?

    <p>Chlorophyll production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is vital for metabolic functions such as enzyme activation?

    <p>Manganese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inorganic fertilisers can lead to which environmental issue?

    <p>Eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient deficiency can lead to oxygen depletion in water bodies?

    <p>Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound is known for its energy storage function in animals?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid type is found in plants and is typically liquid at room temperature?

    <p>Unsaturated fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins play a key role in which biological function?

    <p>Immune protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA is crucial for which cellular process?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of DNA in organisms?

    <p>Genetic information storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is essential for life but is not mentioned in the text as a common element essential to life?

    <p>Phosphorus (P)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

    <p>Both molecules and compounds are made of multiple types of elements, but compounds have a fixed ratio of elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an organic compound?

    <p>Table salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the common elements essential to life plays a role in bone formation and nerve signaling?

    <p>Calcium (Ca)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of atoms do not retain the properties of an element after being split?

    <p>Multi-element compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a valid statement about covalent bonds?

    <p>Covalent bonds require elements to be positively charged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major inorganic compound is highlighted for its role in temperature regulation, structural support, and as a transport medium in living organisms?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key function of water explains its role as a lubricant in various body systems?

    <p>Lubrication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant role that carbohydrates play in living organisms?

    <p>Energy Storage and Structural Functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of minerals includes elements like calcium, potassium, and sodium, essential for structural integrity and nerve transmission?

    <p>Macro-elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary characteristic that allows water to absorb and release heat slowly, aiding in temperature regulation, is attributed to its:

    <p>High Heat Capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is described as inorganic due to lacking carbon-hydrogen bonds and being fundamental in various biological and ecological processes?

    <p>Sodium Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function of nucleic acids crucial for living organisms?

    <p>Genetic Information Storage and Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient category makes up approximately 65% of the human body and is vital for various biological functions?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes inorganic compounds from organic compounds regarding their chemical structures?

    <p>Presence of Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of listing nutrient contents on food packages by food manufacturers?

    <p>To help consumers compare their intake with RDA values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient provides the least amount of energy per gram?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a balanced diet according to the text?

    <p>To ensure the right balance of various nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the development of the electron microscope revolutionize cell study?

    <p>By providing higher magnification and resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin plays a crucial role in visual health and immune function according to the text?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is malnutrition primarily caused by according to the text?

    <p>Eating a diet lacking essential nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Vitamin C essential for both genders according to the text?

    <p>To support the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main sources of obtaining Iron according to the text?

    <p>Red meat and spinach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Vitamin D in the human body as stated in the text?

    <p>To aid in bone health and calcium absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient serves as the body's main energy source based on the information provided?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Benedict's and Fehling's tests?

    <p>To identify reducing sugars such as glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Enhances the intestinal absorption of crucial minerals like calcium and phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamins?

    <p>Synthesizing proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

    <p>To prevent deficiency diseases in an otherwise healthy population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the starch test with iodine?

    <p>To detect the presence of starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins is important for immune function?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lipid tests?

    <p>To identify fats and oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Vitamin E in the body?

    <p>Functions as an antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of Vitamin B Complex?

    <p>Facilitates a wide range of metabolic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells?

    <p>Breakdown of waste materials and cellular debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in cell division and the formation of spindle fibers in animal cells?

    <p>Centrioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides structural strength, protection, and shape to plant cells?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle serves as the storage for water and other substances in plant cells?

    <p>Vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

    <p>Housing DNA to direct cellular activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle performs photosynthesis in plant cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells for transport and communication called?

    <p>Plasmodesmata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a light microscope should be carefully handled to preserve functionality and precision?

    <p>Objective lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do organelles contribute to a cell's vitality and maintenance?

    <p>By performing distinct processes necessary for vitality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Mitosis in the cell cycle?

    <p>To divide the cell into two daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the DNA condense into distinct forms in preparation for cell division?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the surface area to volume ratio in cells?

    <p>To control material exchange with the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure increases the surface area of the cell membrane to enhance nutrient absorption?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Pinocytotic vesicles in the cell?

    <p>Uptake of liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA duplicated by the cell?

    <p>S Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process moves substances using specific carrier proteins without utilizing energy?

    <p>Carrier-Facilitated Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component integrates closely with the cell membrane for material transfer and signaling?

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves chromosomes aligning at the cell's equator?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Active Transport in cellular mechanisms?

    <p>To provide energy in the form of ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nucleus in plant and animal cells?

    <p>Storing genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between plant and animal cells in terms of vacuoles?

    <p>Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the cell theory?

    <p>Cells are the basic building blocks of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the rough ER in plant and animal cells?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the phospholipid bilayer?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique to plant cells?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of molecules moving through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to one of higher concentration?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid mosaic model?

    <p>A description of the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the organic compounds primarily distinguished by?

    <p>Carbon content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes an element?

    <p>A single type of atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an atom's unique characteristics?

    <p>Atomic structure including electron arrangement and nucleus proton number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding compounds and molecules?

    <p>All compounds are molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key basis for categorizing compounds into organic or inorganic groups?

    <p>Carbon presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form can molecules exist?

    <p>Properties of the substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

    <p>Energy storage and insulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the human body is composed of proteins?

    <p>18%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the structure of inorganic compounds?

    <p>Simple chemical structures lacking carbon-hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of water in temperature regulation?

    <p>Absorbing and releasing heat slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an inorganic compound?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

    <p>Genetic information storage and transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered in water?

    <p>71%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of water as a solvent?

    <p>Dissolving more substances than any other liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of blood, sap, and other bodily fluids?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inorganic compound is essential for structural integrity in plants?

    <p>Mineral salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of starch test with iodine?

    <p>To identify starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vitamins in the body?

    <p>To facilitate metabolic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is crucial for visual health and immune function?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Benedict's and Fehling's tests?

    <p>To identify reducing sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main sources of Vitamin D?

    <p>Dairy products, egg yolk, and liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Vitamin E in the body?

    <p>To protect cells from oxidative stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the RDA?

    <p>To provide a guideline for nutrients intake to prevent deficiency diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lipids in the body?

    <p>To provide energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins in the body?

    <p>To provide structure and function to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Carrier-Facilitated Transport and Active Transport?

    <p>Carrier-Facilitated Transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, while Active Transport does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Microvilli play in relation to the cell membrane?

    <p>Microvilli enhance absorption of nutrients by increasing the cell membrane's surface area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is typically responsible for the transport of Glucose?

    <p>Carrier-Facilitated Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the surface area to volume ratio of a cell important?

    <p>To ensure effective nutrient acquisition and waste management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which sub-phase of Interphase are cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes, duplicated?

    <p>G1 Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific function of Pinocytotic Vesicles in cellular processes?

    <p>Aid in the absorption of liquids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves the duplication of each chromosome by the cell?

    <p>S Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to chromosomes during the Telophase phase of cell division?

    <p>Chromosomes de-condense and nuclear membranes reform.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in cellular coordination?

    <p>Facilitates material transfer and signaling pathways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cells undergo division to form smaller cells as per text explanation?

    <p>To maintain an effective surface area to volume ratio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nucleus in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Storing genetic material and controlling cell activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of vacuoles?

    <p>Function and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

    <p>Forming a barrier that protects the cell contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique to plant cells and occurs in chloroplasts?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid mosaic model describing the cell membrane?

    <p>A dynamic and fluid structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>Regulating transport of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the cell theory?

    <p>Cells are the basic building blocks of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to one of higher concentration?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient deficiency can lead to oxygen depletion in water bodies due to excessive growth of aquatic plants and algae?

    <p>Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structural component of the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound is responsible for storing genetic information?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a micro-nutrient required by plants for chlorophyll production?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fat is typically solid at room temperature?

    <p>Saturated fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a valid statement about covalent bonds?

    <p>They are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a characteristic of the Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane?

    <p>The membrane is static and rigid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

    <p>Genetic information storage and processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is essential for thyroid hormone production?

    <p>Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vitamins in the human body?

    <p>Producing enzymes and hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many calories are provided by one gram of fats?

    <p>9 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscopy technique allowed detailed visualization of intricate internal structures like organelles?

    <p>Electron microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main sources of Vitamin A mentioned in the text?

    <p>Carrots and pumpkins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mineral, mentioned in the text, is important for blood health and sourced from red meat and spinach?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound, critical for life, is found in blood, sap, and other bodily fluids?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Lipid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the caloric content of a food item?

    <p>The caloric content of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the daily RDA for males and females aged 19-30 for Vitamin C?

    <p>75 mg for both genders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of fats in the diet, which provide about 9 kcal per gram?

    <p>Meats and dairy products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?

    <p>They are involved in cell division and the formation of spindle fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscopy method uses beams of electrons instead of light?

    <p>Electron microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a balanced diet?

    <p>To ensure the body receives a variety of nutrients in the correct proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main energy source for the body?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the surface area to volume ratio in cells?

    <p>To facilitate the movement of substances in and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of minerals includes elements like calcium, potassium, and sodium, essential for structural integrity and nerve transmission?

    <p>Macro-elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lysosomes in animal cells?

    <p>To contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main energy storage molecule produced during photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope development introduced detailed visualization of intricate internal structures like organelles?

    <p>Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle serves as the control center of the cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skeleton allows organisms to maneuver through narrow spaces and adapt their shape to environmental conditions?

    <p>Hydrostatic skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skeleton offers no solid support, thus limiting the size and mobility of organisms on land?

    <p>Hydrostatic skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what environment must organisms with hydrostatic skeletons reside to prevent desiccation?

    <p>Moist or aquatic environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which advantage of hydrostatic skeletons results from requiring less energy for movement due to the fluid dynamics of the skeleton?

    <p>Energy efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of hydrostatic skeletons allows for faster recovery from damage?

    <p>Fluid-filled cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skeleton consists of a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles?

    <p>Hydrostatic skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Attaching muscles to bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the vertebral column, which type of vertebrae forms the lower back?

    <p>Lumbar Vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of bones in the human body?

    <p>Creating structural integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint enables free movement in various directions?

    <p>Synovial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Providing joint stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body do the thoracic vertebrae connect to in the human skeleton?

    <p>Ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pectoral girdle in the human body?

    <p>Supporting the upper limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue does not contain blood vessels or nerves?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which areas of the body can fibrous joints be found?

    <p>Skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the coccygeal vertebrae group?

    <p>Forming the tailbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Connecting muscles to bones within joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are bones considered critical for locomotion?

    <p>To provide structural framework and support for the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Attaching muscles to bones for precise movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle tissue is consciously controlled to perform various actions?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of antagonistic muscles in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>To work in opposition to move bones at joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cartilage important in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>To reduce friction between bones during movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of joints in the context of locomotion?

    <p>Preventing dislocations by providing stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the musculoskeletal system, what is the primary function of bones during activities that involve heavy loads?

    <p>Supporting the body's weight and resisting deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tendons contribute to energy efficiency during locomotion?

    <p>By storing and releasing energy during running</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle tissue plays a key role in various physical activities like running and walking?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of exoskeletons?

    <p>To protect against external damage and dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of arthropods?

    <p>Exoskeletons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of exoskeletons?

    <p>They require moulting to accommodate growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the axial skeleton?

    <p>To support the body's weight and protect internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of bone found in the wrist and ankle?

    <p>Short bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

    <p>To support the lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the endoskeleton?

    <p>To facilitate growth accommodation and flexible movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of endoskeletons?

    <p>Found in vertebrates including humans, mammals, birds, and fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rib cage?

    <p>To protect the heart and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vertebral column?

    <p>To support the body's weight and house the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the atria during the diastole phase of the heartbeat?

    <p>They relax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the SA node in the heart?

    <p>To control the heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the stretch receptors in the right atrium during physical activity?

    <p>Increased CO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does oxygenated blood return to the heart from?

    <p>Pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the semilunar valves during diastole?

    <p>They close</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of blood flow in the heart?

    <p>Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the circulatory system in animals?

    <p>To transport nutrients and oxygen to tissues and remove waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of circulatory system is characterized by the flow of blood and bodily fluids into an open body cavity?

    <p>Open circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of a closed circulatory system over an open circulatory system?

    <p>Faster blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms possess a double circulatory system?

    <p>Mammals and birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation in the human circulatory system?

    <p>To receive oxygen and unload carbon dioxide from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between open and closed circulatory systems?

    <p>The flow of blood and bodily fluids into an open body cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of a double circulatory system over a single circulatory system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of an open circulatory system?

    <p>Blood vessels open into an interior cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the heart in a closed circulatory system?

    <p>To pump blood through a network of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>To transport nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal group exhibits a single circulation pathway?

    <p>Fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>To remove waste products and excess water from tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the pathway that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation?

    <p>Pulmonary circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the organ that helps in the production and maturation of lymphocytes?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cardiovascular system that allows for efficient blood flow?

    <p>Double circulation pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lymph nodes?

    <p>To filter lymph, trapping bacteria and other microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fluid that removes waste products and excess water from tissues?

    <p>Lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the heart in the body?

    <p>Behind the sternum and nestled between the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the pathway that moves oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to all parts of the body?

    <p>Systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of protein filaments involved in muscle contraction?

    <p>Actin and myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During muscle contraction, what happens to the length of myosin filaments?

    <p>They remain the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

    <p>Storing and releasing calcium ions for muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is caused primarily by deficiencies in vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus?

    <p>Rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key factors contributing to the development of osteoporosis?

    <p>Physical inactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arthritis is an autoimmune disorder?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary forms of arthritis affecting joints?

    <p>Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Vitamin D in bone health, according to the text?

    <p>Crucial for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of osteoporosis according to the text?

    <p>Excessive bone resorption due to estrogen deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three primary nutrients required for bone health as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Calcium, Vitamin D, and Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of pericardial fluid in the heart?

    <p>It serves as a cushion for the heart during contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart valve is found between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cardiac cycle is responsible for pumping blood into the body?

    <p>Ventricular systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiovascular disease is characterized by persistently high blood pressure?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart chamber is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Lipid metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macro-molecule is commonly known as the building block of the cellular skeleton (cytoskeleton)?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart is responsible for the forceful contractions that pump blood throughout the body?

    <p>Myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart is lined with a smooth epithelial layer for efficient blood flow?

    <p>Endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular organelle is known for controlling a cell's activities and storing genetic information?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Prevent excessive movements at joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Connect muscles to bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In human locomotion, which element provides a smooth movement at joints and reduces friction?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of antagonistic muscles?

    <p>They work in opposition to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the skeleton largely depends on joints for stability and mobility?

    <p>Bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of myofibrils in muscle tissue?

    <p>Convert muscle contractions into movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antagonistic muscles contribute to movement?

    <p>By working in opposition to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of synovial joints in the skeletal system?

    <p>Enable a wide range of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue covers the ends of bones at joints to reduce friction during movement?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do muscle fibers contain that is responsible for muscle contraction?

    <p>Myofibrils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of exoskeletons?

    <p>To provide external protection and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skeleton is characteristic of vertebrates including humans, mammals, birds, and fish?

    <p>Endoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of exoskeletons?

    <p>They require moulting to accommodate growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?

    <p>To protect internal organs and support the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the vertebral column?

    <p>To house the spinal cord and support the body's weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone provides stability and support with slight movements?

    <p>Short bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pelvic girdle?

    <p>To support the lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of bones includes the vertebral column?

    <p>Irregular bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function of the skull?

    <p>To protect the brain and form the structure of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skeleton allows for movement by the contraction of muscles against fluid pressure within a cavity?

    <p>Hydrostatic skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skeleton offers the advantage of flexibility, allowing organisms to maneuver through narrow spaces and adapt their shape to environmental conditions?

    <p>Hydrostatic skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skeletal structure requires less energy for movement due to the fluid dynamics of the skeleton?

    <p>Hydrostatic skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skeleton allows for faster recovery from damage due to its simple structure and fluid nature?

    <p>Hydrostatic skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skeleton is found in organisms such as jellyfish, earthworms, and starfish?

    <p>Hydrostatic skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skeletal structure requires organisms to reside in moist or aquatic environments to prevent desiccation?

    <p>Hydrostatic skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects multiple fascicles within a muscle, forming an entire muscle?

    <p>Epimysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein primarily makes up actin filaments in the sarcomeres of myofibrils?

    <p>Actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in muscle cells is responsible for storing and releasing calcium ions crucial for muscle contraction?

    <p>Sarcoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral deficiency can lead to softening of bones and bone deformities in children?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What imbalance in the bone remodeling process characterizes osteoporosis?

    <p>Decreased bone density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arthritis results from mechanical wear and tear on joints, typically developing with age?

    <p>Osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do myosin filaments primarily interact with during muscle contraction?

    <p>Actin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy currency that provides energy for myosin heads to bind to actin during muscle contraction?

    <p>Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In adults, which group is most susceptible to osteoporosis due to hormonal changes impacting bone density?

    <p>Postmenopausal women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral plays a crucial role in bone mineralization and strength, leading to bone deformities in children with deficiencies?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the blood in step 3 of the sequence of blood flow described in the passage?

    <p>It is pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries for oxygenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body?

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that accelerates the heartbeat during physical activities?

    <p>Elevated CO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the natural pacemaker of the heart?

    <p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the semilunar valves involved in the heart's function?

    <p>Prevent backflow of blood into the atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cycle does the process of blood returning to the left atrium from the lungs occur?

    <p>Step 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of the pectoral girdle?

    <p>Clavicle and scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human body?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vertebrae connects to the ribs?

    <p>Thoracic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of muscles in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Facilitating movement and interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary components of bone tissue?

    <p>Collagen fibers and mineral salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tendons contribute to the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Attaching muscles to bones to facilitate movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint allows for free movement in various directions?

    <p>Synovial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for replacing cartilage with bone tissue during growth?

    <p>Ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the coccygeal vertebrae group?

    <p>Typically serving as the tailbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Providing joint stability by connecting bones to other bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is primarily found in invertebrates such as arthropods and mollusks?

    <p>Open circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of a closed circulatory system compared to an open circulatory system?

    <p>Faster blood flow and better regulation of blood distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the circulatory system in humans?

    <p>Double circulatory pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pulmonary circulation in the human body?

    <p>To send deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of circulatory system is characterized by the flow of blood and bodily fluids into an open body cavity?

    <p>Open circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a closed circulatory system?

    <p>Slower blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of a double circulatory system over a single circulatory system?

    <p>Higher pressure and faster flow of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the open circulatory system?

    <p>Blood vessels open into an interior cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the systemic circulation in the human body?

    <p>To distribute oxygenated blood to body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>To transport nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the pathway that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body?

    <p>Systemic Circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the lymphatic system that filters lymph, trapping bacteria and other microorganisms?

    <p>Lymph Nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system relies on muscle movements and valves to help transport lymph through an open system?

    <p>Lymphatic System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the heart in the human body?

    <p>Behind the sternum and nestled between the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in immune responses?

    <p>To provide an environment for lymphocyte production and maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is responsible for draining lymph from the tissues into the blood?

    <p>Lymphatic System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinct feature of the double circulation pathway?

    <p>Blood passes through the heart twice per complete circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pericardium in the heart?

    <p>To encase the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pericardial fluid?

    <p>To minimize friction and facilitate heart movement during contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart is composed of striated cardiac muscle?

    <p>Cardiac Walls (Myocardium)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood does the superior vena cava transport?

    <p>Deoxygenated blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition causes cardiac muscle death due to oxygen deprivation?

    <p>Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during atrial systole?

    <p>The sino-atrial (SA) node generates an electrical impulse causing atria to contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ventricular systole cause?

    <p>Tricuspid and bicuspid valves close to prevent backflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by general relaxation?

    <p>Diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the heart delivers oxygenated blood to the body?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of atrial systole in seconds?

    <p>0.1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for high blood pressure?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood fill the atria from the superior and inferior vena cava and the pulmonary veins?

    <p>Diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism prevents the backflow of blood in the aorta and the pulmonary arteries?

    <p>Semilunar Valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure primarily controls the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat acting as a natural pacemaker?

    <p>SA Node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can accelerate the heartbeat significantly during physical activities?

    <p>Physical Expansion of the Right Atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves the relaxation of both atria and ventricles?

    <p>Diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat aside from the SA node?

    <p>Elevated Emotional States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Provide stability to joints and prevent excessive movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of tendons in muscle movement?

    <p>Assist in storing and releasing energy during locomotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antagonistic muscles contribute to bone movement at joints?

    <p>Facilitate smooth and controlled movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the musculoskeletal system, what is the purpose of cartilage at joints?

    <p>Reduce friction between bones during movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of myofibrils in muscle tissue?

    <p>Responsible for muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of muscle fibers due to their structure?

    <p>Alternating light and dark bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are muscle fibers grouped together for efficient muscle function?

    <p>In bundles known as fascicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds muscle fibers in bundles known as fascicles?

    <p>Endomysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is consciously controlled for various physical activities like running and walking?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hierarchical structure of skeletal muscle from basic units to larger bundles?

    <p>Myofibrils, muscle fibers, fascicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component provides support and flexibility at joints?

    <p>Ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Connect muscles to bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint allows free movement in various directions?

    <p>Synovial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinctive feature of the cervical vertebrae in the vertebral column?

    <p>Form the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process replaces cartilage with bone tissue during growth?

    <p>Ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skeleton structure is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles?

    <p>Hydroskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of synovial fluid in synovial joints?

    <p>Reduce friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the thoracic vertebrae?

    <p>Connect to the ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue type plays a role in joint stability?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system regarding circulatory mechanisms?

    <p>The cardiovascular system uses the heart to pump blood through closed vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is unique to the cardiovascular system but NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>Absorbing fatty acids from the digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In single circulation, exemplified by fish, what pathway does the blood follow after reaching the gills for oxygenation?

    <p>To the rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the lymphatic system assists in the production and maturation of lymphocytes crucial for immune responses?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the double circulation system differ from the single circulation system?

    <p>Double circulation has blood passing through the heart twice per circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a function unique to the lymphatic system and NOT performed by the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Absorbing and transporting fatty acids from the digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the spleen play in the lymphatic system?

    <p>Producing and maturing lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the lymphatic system's circulation mechanism?

    <p>Uses muscle movements and valves to transport lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?

    <p>Filtering lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cardiovascular system, what is the primary function of the closed network of vessels?

    <p>Efficiently distributing oxygen, nutrients, and hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hydrostatic skeletons?

    <p>To allow for movement by muscle contraction against fluid pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of hydrostatic skeletons?

    <p>They enable rapid healing from damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment do organisms with hydrostatic skeletons typically reside in?

    <p>Moist or aquatic environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of hydrostatic skeletons?

    <p>They offer no solid support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of hydrostatic skeletons?

    <p>They consist of a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an organism with a hydrostatic skeleton?

    <p>Jellyfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of exoskeletons?

    <p>To offer robust external protection and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of endoskeletons?

    <p>Found in vertebrates including humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of exoskeletons?

    <p>It requires moulting to accommodate growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the axial skeleton?

    <p>To protect the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rib cage?

    <p>To protect the heart and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

    <p>To support the lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of bones in the adult human skeleton?

    <p>206</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone provides stability and support with slight movements?

    <p>Short bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the skull?

    <p>To protect the brain and form the structure of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the vertebral column?

    <p>To house the spinal cord and support the body's weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of circulatory system is typically found in vertebrates?

    <p>Closed circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of circulatory system does blood circulate through the heart only once per cycle?

    <p>Single circulatory pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human circulatory system sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation?

    <p>Pulmonary circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of circulatory system is less efficient compared to closed systems due to the lack of directional flow?

    <p>Open circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of organisms is an open circulatory system primarily found?

    <p>Invertebrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components are part of the human circulatory system?

    <p>Heart, lungs, systemic arteries, pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of circulatory system involves two separate circuits: the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit?

    <p>Double circulatory pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of circulatory system is adequate for smaller or less active invertebrates, while being less efficient due to the slower flow?

    <p>Open circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In advanced vertebrates, what is the advantage of a double circulatory system involving a left and right ventricle?

    <p>Enables efficient oxygen supply and faster blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the closed circulatory system, what organ is responsible for pumping the blood through the vessels?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of protein filaments that interact during muscle contraction?

    <p>Actin filaments and myosin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient deficiency can lead to rickets in children?

    <p>Vitamin D deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

    <p>Calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in muscle fibers contains mitochondria to provide energy during muscle contraction?

    <p>Sarcoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disorder causes inflammation and damage primarily in the hands and feet?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone disorder occurs due to an imbalance in the bone remodeling process?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is primarily responsible for the structure of thin filaments in muscle cells?

    <p>Actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the myosin filaments (thick filaments) in muscle contraction?

    <p>They bind to actin filaments and undergo power strokes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy source for the myosin heads to bind to actin during muscle contraction?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?

    <p>They act as signaling molecules to initiate muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pericardial fluid?

    <p>It minimizes friction and facilitates the heart's movement during contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve prevents backflow during the contraction of the left ventricle?

    <p>Aortic valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein carries oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium of the heart?

    <p>Pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A heart attack is often caused by which condition?

    <p>Obstruction of coronary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the atria during atrial systole?

    <p>Force blood into the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the contraction of the ventricles?

    <p>Ventricular systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart?

    <p>Superior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of regular exercise in preventing heart diseases?

    <p>Improve cardiovascular health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mitral valve in the heart?

    <p>Prevent backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart phase is characterized by the relaxation and expansion of all heart chambers?

    <p>Diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

    <p>Growth and expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does mitotic activity prominently occur in animals?

    <p>Bone marrow and basal layers of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In animal cells, what process allows for the migration of centrioles to opposite poles of the cell?

    <p>Centrosome formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell division results in four daughter cells with the exact same genetic information as the parent cell?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the cell cycle involves the duplication of DNA and chromatin thickening?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cork cambium in perennial plants?

    <p>It forms the bark for additional protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the endodermis in a dicotyledonous stem?

    <p>To regulate water and nutrient movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant growth form is characterized by multiple woody stems growing from the base?

    <p>Shrubs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vascular cambium in plant stems?

    <p>To facilitate the growth of xylem and phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the pericycle in a dicotyledonous stem?

    <p>To strengthen the stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue in plant stems primarily moves water and minerals up from the roots?

    <p>Xylem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the epidermis in a dicotyledonous stem?

    <p>To minimize water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the epidermis in the root system of dicotyledonous plants?

    <p>Absorption of water and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which plant growth form do stems play a role in asexual reproduction?

    <p>Herbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the cortex in dicotyledonous roots does not have a waterproof cuticle?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of the vascular bundles in plant stems?

    <p>Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Casparian strip in dicotyledonous plant roots?

    <p>Forms a waterproof barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are stomata essential for plant function?

    <p>For gas exchange and water vapor exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dicotyledonous plant stems, what is the role of collenchyma cells in the cortex layer?

    <p>Support and flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the vascular bundles typically arranged in the stem of dicotyledonous plants?

    <p>In a ring pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a dicotyledonous stem facilitates secondary growth during plant development?

    <p>Pericycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue divides to produce new phloem and xylem in dicotyledonous stems?

    <p>Cambium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a dicotyledonous stem is primarily composed of parenchyma cells facilitating nutrient storage and substance transport?

    <p>Pith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of growth occurs through the activity of the cambium in dicotyledonous plants?

    <p>Secondary growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer contains the Casparian strip in the cortex of dicotyledonous roots?

    <p>Endodermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the xylem in plants?

    <p>To facilitate the upward transport of water and mineral salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dermal tissue in plants?

    <p>To protect the plant from external factors and reduce water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plant tissue has thick lignified walls, providing rigidity and strength?

    <p>Sclerenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which roots stabilize plants, helping them withstand environmental forces like wind and rain?

    <p>Anchorage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of xylem in plants?

    <p>To transport water and minerals from roots to leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of root system is characterized by a main tap root that develops lateral roots, forming a deep and sturdy system?

    <p>Tap Root System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue serves as a protective layer, covering the body surfaces and lining internal cavities in animals?

    <p>Epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer layer of the root that has root hairs for water and mineral absorption?

    <p>Epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of embryonic stem cells?

    <p>To differentiate into specialized cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the phloem in plants?

    <p>To transport organic nutrients from the leaves downward to the roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the loss of water vapor through stomata, which plays a crucial role in plant physiology?

    <p>Transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by its ability to contract and is essential for movement?

    <p>Muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phloem tissue in plants?

    <p>To transport photosynthetic products throughout the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pericycle in dicotyledonous plant roots?

    <p>To contribute to structural integrity and lateral root growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil?

    <p>Nutrient Uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelial tissue is involved in secretion and absorption, commonly found in glandular tissues?

    <p>Cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cambium in plant roots?

    <p>To produce new xylem and phloem tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ground tissue in plants?

    <p>To facilitate photosynthesis and storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy employs radiation to destroy cancer cells?

    <p>Radiotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alternative remedy is often used alongside conventional cancer treatments?

    <p>Tea from Cancer Bush</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle modification can reduce cancer risk?

    <p>Regular physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant tissue is responsible for thickness growth?

    <p>Lateral meristems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do root hairs play in the uptake of water and minerals in plants?

    <p>They increase the surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of meristematic tissue in plants?

    <p>Continual growth and division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the study of stem anatomy impact practical applications in fields like botany and agriculture?

    <p>It provides foundational knowledge for crop selection and breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cells from the meristematic regions after they differentiate?

    <p>They become part of the permanent tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue provides insulation and energy reserves?

    <p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tissues in multicellular organisms?

    <p>Organizing cells into groups that form organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants in terms of stem anatomy?

    <p>Dicotyledonous plants have vascular bundles arranged in a ring, while monocotyledonous plants have scattered vascular bundles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of neurons in the body?

    <p>Transmitting electrical and chemical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of uptake of water and minerals in the roots?

    <p>To transport nutrients to the leaves for growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron facilitates communication between sensory and motor neurons?

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cells in the meristematic tissue characterized by?

    <p>Small cells with dense cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the understanding of stem anatomy impact conservation efforts?

    <p>It provides knowledge for the restoration of degraded ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cells in the meristematic tissue contribute to plant growth?

    <p>By continual division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary responses?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of meristematic tissue in plants?

    <p>To serve as the growth regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of diviners in traditional communities?

    <p>To diagnose and solve community problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell in nerve tissue is responsible for conducting impulses away?

    <p>Axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Vitamin E in the body?

    <p>Serving as an antioxidant and promoting cellular health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organ in the body helps in the production and maturation of lymphocytes?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a closed circulatory system?

    <p>Blood delivers nutrients and oxygen to cells directly, without blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves chromosomes aligning at the cell's equator?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between plant and animal cells in terms of chromosome separation during mitosis?

    <p>Plant cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis, while animal cells constrict the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does understanding mitosis impact the field of cancer research?

    <p>Each phase of mitosis is targeted by different scientific methods to control cell growth and division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the characteristics of cancer cells?

    <p>They continue to multiply despite growth inhibition signals and can even invade other tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of cancer?

    <p>Myosarcomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes some cancer cells to spread through the bloodstream?

    <p>Angiogenesis allows the entry of cancer cells into the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do certain environmental factors contribute to the development of cancer?

    <p>They promote genetic mutations that disrupt cell proliferation and increase cancer risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following misconceptions about cancer is NOT true?

    <p>Cancer affects people of all ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conventional cancer treatment that involves surgical removal of a cancer tumor from the body?

    <p>Surgical resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conventional cancer treatment targets the cancer cells' ability to divide rapidly?

    <p>Chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompts the creation of new blood vessels, providing nutrients to a tumor and enabling it to spread further?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

    <p>Expanding by multiplying cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unicellular organisms utilize mitosis as a means of reproduction?

    <p>Amoebas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does mitotic activity primarily occur in animal cells?

    <p>Basal skin layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of interphase in the cell cycle?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organisms is mitosis observed in regions like the apical meristem and lateral meristem?

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of meristematic tissue in plants?

    <p>Plant growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plant tissue does not generally divide?

    <p>Xylem tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tissues in multicellular organisms?

    <p>Supporting life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of meristematic tissue structure?

    <p>Lack of intercellular spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tissues contribute to the survival of living organisms?

    <p>By supporting organ functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of tissues grouping identical cells?

    <p>Efficient biological processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do plant organs illustrate cellular specialization?

    <p>By performing specific functions collectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do specialized tissues enable plants to do?

    <p>Grow in specific directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do permanent tissues differ from meristematic tissues?

    <p>Permanent tissues generally divide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do tissues organize cells into groups in multicellular organisms?

    <p>For efficient biological processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of loose connective tissue (areolar) in the body?

    <p>Cushions and supports organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue is characterized by a rigid structure that supports the body and aids in movement?

    <p>Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of neurons in nerve tissue?

    <p>Transmitting electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system acts as a conduit for signals between the brain and the rest of the body?

    <p>Central Nervous System (CNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) in the body?

    <p>Controls voluntary movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons carry messages from the body's sensory receptors to the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

    <p>Unipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>Receive impulses from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supporting cells insulate axons and enhance signal transmission in nerve tissue?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in nerve tissue?

    <p>Influencing bodily functions and responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of the nervous system controls involuntary responses such as heart rate and digestion?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of roots in plants?

    <p>Storage of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue is responsible for the upward transport of water and mineral salts in roots?

    <p>Xylem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Casparian strip located in the root structure?

    <p>Regulate water flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plant exhibits the Fibrous or Adventitious root system?

    <p>Monocots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transpiration in plants?

    <p>Cool the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue transports organic nutrients from leaves to roots in plants?

    <p>Phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Pericycle in roots?

    <p>Contribute to lateral root growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant tissue produces new xylem and phloem tissues?

    <p>Cambium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the exodermis layer in roots?

    <p>Provide mechanical support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of transpirational pull in plants?

    <p>Drive water and nutrient movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of root hairs in plants?

    <p>To increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of studying stem anatomy in plants?

    <p>To learn about the evolutionary distinctions between plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil?

    <p>Uptake of water and mineral salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fields of study benefit from the understanding of stem anatomy?

    <p>Botany, Agriculture, and Environmental Science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the absorption of water and minerals by root hairs?

    <p>Improved uptake of nutrients for plant growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

    <p>To facilitate exponential cell growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic unique to cancer cells?

    <p>They exhibit uncontrolled cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cancer?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is angiogenesis in cancer?

    <p>The process of forming new blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

    <p>Benign tumors do not spread, while malignant tumors do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about cancer?

    <p>Cancer is a death sentence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To kill cancer cells by targeting their ability to divide rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which chromosomes split at the centromere?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about mitosis in plant cells?

    <p>Plant cells lack centrioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding mitosis?

    <p>It helps us understand developmental biology and genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the taproot system in dicotyledonous plants?

    <p>To provide support and anchorage to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the cortex in dicotyledonous roots?

    <p>Parenchyma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Casparian strip in the endodermis of dicotyledonous roots?

    <p>To control the entry of water into the vascular cylinder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the phloem in dicotyledonous plants?

    <p>To distribute sugars and nutrients produced by photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cambium in dicotyledonous stems?

    <p>To facilitate secondary growth through the production of new phloem and xylem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pith in dicotyledonous stems?

    <p>To store nutrients and facilitate the transport of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of integrating traditional knowledge with medical biotechnology?

    <p>To develop effective treatments and drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration in the intersection of indigenous knowledge, medical biotechnology, and ethics?

    <p>Cultural preservation versus scientific exploration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical role of roots in the life of a plant?

    <p>To provide support and anchorage to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of sieve tube elements in the phloem tissue?

    <p>Photosynthetic product transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plant tissue provides support and flexibility to growing plant parts?

    <p>Collenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between xylem and phloem tissue in plants?

    <p>Xylem cells are dead at maturity, and phloem cells are alive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of embryonic stem cells in the body?

    <p>Specializing into different tissue types during development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelial tissue has flat cells that facilitate diffusion and filtration?

    <p>Squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is under voluntary control and moves bones and other structures?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of permanent tissue is involved in storage, photosynthesis, and injury repair in plants?

    <p>Parenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of animal tissue has cells that are cube-shaped and are involved in secretion and absorption, commonly found in glandular tissues?

    <p>Cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plant tissue transports water and minerals from roots to leaves?

    <p>Xylem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs like intestines and blood vessels and plays a role in movements like peristalsis and blood flow regulation?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of stems in plants?

    <p>To transport water, dissolved minerals, and sugars throughout the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of water and nutrients into the vascular bundles?

    <p>Endodermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plant stem can be woody or herbaceous?

    <p>Vines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer protective layer of a dicotyledonous stem?

    <p>Epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the vascular cambium?

    <p>To facilitate the growth of xylem and phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which plants lose water through their leaves?

    <p>Transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants?

    <p>Seed leaves or cotyledons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cork cambium in perennial plants?

    <p>To produce cork cells that form the bark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of nutrients and water into the stem?

    <p>Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of stomata?

    <p>To regulate water loss through transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

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